Reduction of Somatic Tinnitus Severity is Mediated by Improvement of Temporomandibular Disorders.

Background: Successful orofacial treatment can reduce tinnitus severity in patients with somatic tinnitus (ST). However, it is still unclear to what extent the degree of reduction in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) actually contributes to the decrease in tinnitus severity after orofacial treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of reduction in TMD pain on the improvement of tinnitus severity after multidisciplinary orofacial treatment.

Prognostic Indicators for Positive Treatment Outcome After Multidisciplinary Orofacial Treatment in Patients With Somatosensory Tinnitus.

Introduction: Subjective tinnitus that is influenced by the somatosensory system is called somatosensory tinnitus (ST). When ST is related to the temporomandibular area, multidisciplinary orofacial treatment can reduce tinnitus severity. It is, however, unknown if we can predict this positive outcome.

Treatment of Somatosensory Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial Studying the Effect of Orofacial Treatment as Part of a Multidisciplinary Program.

Background: Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a perception of sound in the absence of overt acoustic stimulation. In some cases, tinnitus can be influenced by temporomandibular somatosensory input, then called temporomandibular somatosensory tinnitus (TST). It is, however, not entirely known if orofacial treatment can decrease tinnitus severity.

Conservative therapy for the treatment of patients with somatic tinnitus attributed to temporomandibular dysfunction: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Tinnitus is a highly prevalent symptom affecting 10-15% of the adult population. It often affects patient quality of life and frequently causes distress. When subjective tinnitus can be elicited by the somatosensory system of the cervical spine or temporomandibular area it is termed somatic tinnitus.

Explicit and implicit motor learning in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the capacity for explicit and implicit learning in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Participants: Children with left and right unilateral cerebral palsy and typically developing children shuffled disks toward a target.

Design: A prism-adaptation design was implemented, consisting of pre-exposure, prism exposure, and post-exposure phases.

Development and psychometric validation of the headache screening questionnaire - Dutch Version.

Background: Headache is a common disorder which may lead to substantial socio-economic loss. Treatment options include self-management strategies, medication and physiotherapy. Physiotherapists need to be able to screen for the presence of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), so they can adjust their treatment strategies to the type of headache.

Orofacial Pain and Mastication in Dementia.

Orofacial pain is a common condition in the general population. It is likely that this is also the case in older persons with a dementia. However, the assessment of (orofacial) pain in non-verbal individuals is hampered by the subjective nature of pain, and their limited communicative abilities.

Nothing magical: pantomimed grasping is controlled by the ventral system.

In a recent amendment to the two-visual-system model, it has been proposed that actions must result in tactile contact with the goal object for the dorsal system to become engaged (Whitwell et al., Neuropsychologia 55:41-50, 2014). The present study tested this addition by assessing the use of allocentric information in normal and pantomime actions.

The Association Between Headaches and Temporomandibular Disorders is Confounded by Bruxism and Somatic Symptoms.

Objectives: The objective of this observational study was to establish the possible presence of confounders on the association between temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headaches in a patient population from a TMD and Orofacial Pain Clinic.

Materials And Methods: Several subtypes of headaches have been diagnosed: self-reported headache, (probable) migraine, (probable) tension-type headache, and secondary headache attributed to TMD. The presence of TMD was subdivided into 2 subtypes: painful TMD and function-related TMD.

The Effect of Physical Therapy Treatment in Patients with Subjective Tinnitus: A Systematic Review.

Tinnitus is a very common symptom that often causes distress and decreases the patient's quality of life. Apart from the well-known causes, tinnitus can in some cases be elicited by dysfunctions of the cervical spine or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To date however, it is unclear whether alleviation of these dysfunctions, by physical therapy treatment, also decreases the tinnitus complaints.

The relationship between visual function and performance in rifle shooting for athletes with vision impairment.

Background: Paralympic sports provide opportunities for those who have an impairment that might otherwise be a barrier to participation in regular sporting competition. Rifle shooting represents an ideal sport for persons with vision impairment (VI) because the direction of the rifle can be guided by auditory information when vision is impaired. However, it is unknown whether those with some remaining vision when shooting with auditory guidance would be at an advantage when compared with those with no vision at all.

The Level of Vision Necessary for Competitive Performance in Rifle Shooting: Setting the Standards for Paralympic Shooting with Vision Impairment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of vision impairment (VI) that would reduce performance in shooting; to guide development of entry criteria to visually impaired (VI) shooting. Nineteen international-level shooters without VI took part in the study. Participants shot an air rifle, while standing, toward a regulation target placed at the end of a 10 m shooting range.

Assessment of the amount of tooth wear on dental casts and intra-oral photographs.

Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the loss of dental hard tissues. Many grading scales are available to assess the amount of tooth wear, one of which is the tooth wear evaluation system (TWES). A grading scale can be used chairside, on casts and on photographs.

Is There an Association Between Markers of Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction at Discharge From Rehabilitation and Participation 1 and 5 Years Later in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury?

Objectives: To determine whether physical activity and participation 1 and 5 years after discharge are associated with measures of cardiovascular autonomic function: prevalence of hypotension and reduced peak heart rate at discharge from initial inpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Rehabilitation centers.

Orofacial Pain during Mastication in People with Dementia: Reliability Testing of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to establish the reliability of the "chewing" subscale of the OPS-NVI, a novel tool designed to estimate presence and severity of orofacial pain in nonverbal patients. Methods.

Expert consensus statement to guide the evidence-based classification of Paralympic athletes with vision impairment: a Delphi study.

Background: Paralympic sports are required to develop evidence-based systems that allocate athletes into 'classes' on the basis of the impact of their impairment on sport performance. However, sports for athletes with vision impairment (VI) classify athletes solely based on the WHO criteria for low vision and blindness. One key barrier to evidence-based classification is the absence of guidance on how to address classification issues unique to VI sport.

Mechanical Stimulation and IGF-1 Enhance mRNA Translation Rate in Osteoblasts Via Activation of the AKT-mTOR Pathway.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is anabolic for muscle by enhancing the rate of mRNA translation via activation of AKT and subsequent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR), thereby increasing cellular protein production. IGF-1 is also anabolic for bone, but whether the mTOR pathway plays a role in the rate of bone matrix protein production by osteoblasts is unknown. We hypothesized that anabolic stimuli such as mechanical loading and IGF-1 stimulate protein synthesis in osteoblasts via activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway.

Brain Function and Upper Limb Outcome in Stroke: A Cross-Sectional fMRI Study.

Objective: The nature of changes in brain activation related to good recovery of arm function after stroke is still unclear. While the notion that this is a reflection of neuronal plasticity has gained much support, confounding by compensatory strategies cannot be ruled out. We address this issue by comparing brain activity in recovered patients 6 months after stroke with healthy controls.

How does postural stability following a single leg drop jump landing task relate to postural stability during a single leg stance balance task?

We aimed to verify whether the static phase after a single leg drop jump (DJ) landing on a force plate may serve as a proxy for a single leg stance (SLS) balance task, as this would increase the application possibilities of landing tasks in the evaluation of sensorimotor function in relation to injury rehabilitation or performance assessment. Twenty-five healthy participants performed two sessions of five valid trials for both tasks in a reproducibility-agreement design. Three postural stability outcome measures ('COP speed', 'COP sway' and 'Horizontal GRF') were calculated for DJ (5-20s after landing) and for SLS (15s), and were averaged per session.

Taking aim at the Müller-Lyer goalkeeper illusion: an illusion bias in action that originates from the target not being optically specified.

Van der Kamp and Masters (2008) reported that goalkeeper postures that mimic the Müller-Lyer (1889) illusion affect the location of handball penalty throws. In four experiments, we aimed to verify that the effects on throwing are consistent with an illusory bias (Experiments 1 and 2), and to examine how these observations can be understood in the context of Milner and Goodale's (1995, 2008) two-visual systems model (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiments 1 and 2 confirmed that the goalkeeper Müller-Lyer posture may indeed induce an illusory bias in throwing, implying that allocentric information is used in far-aiming action tasks.

Energy exchange between subject and belt during treadmill walking.

Treadmill walking aims to simulate overground walking, but intra-stride belt speed variations of treadmills result in some interaction between treadmill and subject, possibly obstructing this aim. Especially in self-paced treadmill walking, in which the belt speed constantly adjusts to the subject, these interactions might affect the gait pattern significantly. The aim of this study was to quantify the energy exchange between subject and treadmill, during the fixed speed (FS) and self-paced (SP) modes of treadmill walking.

The mouth care item of the MOBID pain scale: secondary analyses of unique video uptakes by dental professionals.

Purpose: The Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia (MOBID) Pain Scale has been developed for the assessment of pain in elderly individuals with severe dementia. From the initial draft of the MOBID, the teeth/mouth care item was removed due to its low correlation with the total score. However, the observation of this item was done by non-dental professionals only.

Effects of adding a virtual reality environment to different modes of treadmill walking.

Differences in gait between overground and treadmill walking are suggested to result from imposed treadmill speed and lack of visual flow. To counteract this effect, feedback-controlled treadmills that allow the subject to control the belt speed along with an immersive virtual reality (VR) have recently been developed. We studied the effect of adding a VR during both fixed speed (FS) and self-paced (SP) treadmill walking.

Self-paced versus fixed speed treadmill walking.

Instrumented treadmills are increasingly used in gait research, although the imposed walking speed is suggested to affect gait performance. A feedback-controlled treadmill that allows subjects to walk at their preferred speed, i.e.

Cultural and learning differences in the Judd illusion.

In the present study, we examined whether individual differences in the perception of illusory Judd drawings point to variability in the pickup of informational variables. Two sources for these individual differences were addressed: culture and learning. East Asian (n = 24) and Western (n = 24) participants made perceptual judgments of the midpoint of the shaft of various Judd figures in a pretest-practice-posttest design.