Assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a subclinical and clinical sample: the development of the Hungarian version of the OCI-R.

Objectives: The prevalence of clinical obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is around 1-2% in the population. Questionnaires, such as the OCI-R, are a useful tool in the diagnositc process. The purpose of this study was to develop the Hungarian version of the OCI-R, examine its validity and reliability, and its ability to differentiate between clinical and subclinical OCD.

Inhibition of expression in human superoxide dismutase 1-mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis astrocytes protects against neurotoxicity.

Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A-member 3 (PHLDA3) has recently been identified as a player in adaptive and maladaptive cellular stress pathways. The outcome of pleckstrin homology-like domain family A-member 3 signalling was shown to vary across different cell types and states. It emerges that its expression and protein level are highly increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient-derived astrocytes.

Stabilization of GTSE1 by cyclin D1-CDK4/6 promotes cell proliferation: relevance in cancer prognosis.

Cyclin D1 is the activating subunit of the cell cycle kinases CDK4 and CDK6, and its dysregulation is a well-known oncogenic driver in many human cancers. The biological function of cyclin D1 has been primarily studied by focusing on the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene product. Here, using an integrative approach combining bioinformatic analyses and biochemical experiments, we show that GTSE1 (G2 and S phases expressed protein 1), a protein positively regulating cell cycle progression, is a previously unknown substrate of cyclin D1-CDK4/6.

From psychophysiology to brain imaging: forty-five years MMN history of investigating acoustic change sensitivity.

Forty-five years have passed since the first publication of the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential (ERP) component. The first 10 years of research hardly gained any particular attention of the scientific community interested in acoustic perception. Debates on the nature of sensation versus perception were going on, and the technical possibilities to record ERPs, called in general evoked potentials, were very limited.

Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies.

When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip.

Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries.

The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.

Direct interaction of Su(var)2-10 via the SIM-binding site of the Piwi protein is required for transposon silencing in Drosophila melanogaster.

Nuclear Piwi/Piwi-interacting RNA complexes mediate co-transcriptional silencing of transposable elements by inducing local heterochromatin formation. In Drosophila, sumoylation plays an essential role in the assembly of the silencing complex; however, the molecular mechanism by which the sumoylation machinery is recruited to the transposon loci is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Drosophila E3 SUMO-ligase Su(var)2-10 directly binds to the Piwi protein.

ABCC1 and glutathione metabolism limit the efficacy of BCL-2 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia.

The BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax is a promising agent for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, many patients are refractory to Venetoclax, and resistance develops quickly. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate chemotherapy resistance but their role in modulating the activity of targeted small-molecule inhibitors is unclear.

N-Alkylated Pyridoxal Derivatives as Negative Electrolyte Materials for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries: Computational Screening.

N-functionalized pyridinium frameworks derived from the three major vitamers of vitamin B6, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine, have been screened computationally for consideration as negative electrode materials in aqueous organic flow batteries. A molecular database including the structure and the one-electron standard reduction potential of related pyridinium derivatives has been generated using a computational protocol that combines semiempirical and DFT quantum chemical methods. The predicted reduction potentials span a broad range for the investigated pyridinium frameworks, but pyridoxal derivatives, particularly those involving electron withdrawing substituents, have potentials compatible with the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes.

Carbon Microsphere-Supported Metallic Nickel Nanoparticles as Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts and Their Application for the Reduction of Nitrophenol.

Nickel nanoparticles are gaining increasing attention in catalysis due to their versatile catalytic action. A novel, low-cost and facile method was developed in this work to synthesize carbon microsphere-supported metallic nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NP/C) for heterogeneous catalysis. The synthesis was based on carbonizing a polystyrene-based cation exchange resin loaded with nickel ions at temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C.

Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies.

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors.

An inventory of lysosomal ABC transporters.

ABC transporters fulfill diverse physiological functions in different cellular localizations ranging from the plasma membrane to intracellular membranous compartments. Several ABC transporters have been spotted in the endolysosomal system, which consists of endosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and lysosome-related organelles. In this review, we present an overview of lysosomal ABC transporters including ABCA2, ABCA3, ABCA5, ABCB6, ABCB9, and ABCD4, discussing their trafficking routes, putative substrates, potential physiological functions, and associated diseases.

Celecoxib Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Multidrug Resistance in Canine and Mouse Lymphoma Cell Lines.

Background: Treatment of malignancies is still a major challenge in human and canine cancer, mostly due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). One of the main contributors of MDR is the overexpression P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which recognizes and extrudes various chemotherapeutics from cancer cells.

Methods: To study mechanisms underlying the development of drug resistance, we established an in vitro treatment protocol to rapidly induce Pgp-mediated MDR in cancer cells.

The Role of the Cysteine Fragments of the Nickel Binding Loop in the Activity of the Ni(II)-Containing SOD Enzyme.

Detailed equilibrium, spectroscopic, and SOD activity studies are reported on nickel(II) complexes formed with the -terminally free HHDLPCGVY-NH () and HCDLPHGVY-NH () peptides mimicking the nickel binding loop in NiSOD. In these model peptides, cysteine was incorporated in different positions in order to gain better insight into the role of the cysteine residues in NiSOD. The results are compared with those obtained with the wild-type fragment of NiSOD.

Structure-Property Relationships in Unsymmetric Bis(antiaromatics): Who Wins the Battle between Pentalene and Benzocyclobutadiene?†.

According to the currently accepted structure-property relationships, aceno-pentalenes with an angular shape (fused to the 1,2-bond of the acene) exhibit higher antiaromaticity than those with a linear shape (fused to the 2,3-bond of the acene). To explore and expand the current view, we designed and synthesized molecules where two isomeric, yet, different, 8π antiaromatic subunits, a benzocyclobutadiene (BCB) and a pentalene, are combined into, respectively, an angular and a linear topology via an unsaturated six-membered ring. The antiaromatic character of the molecules is supported experimentally by H NMR, UV-vis, and cyclic voltammetry measurements and X-ray crystallography.

Improved LbCas12a variants with altered PAM specificities further broaden the genome targeting range of Cas12a nucleases.

The widespread use of Cas12a (formerly Cpf1) nucleases for genome engineering is limited by their requirement for a rather long TTTV protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. Here we have aimed to loosen these PAM constraints and have generated new PAM mutant variants of the four Cas12a orthologs that are active in mammalian and plant cells, by combining the mutations of their corresponding RR and RVR variants with altered PAM specificities. LbCas12a-RVRR showing the highest activity was selected for an in-depth characterization of its PAM preferences in mammalian cells, using a plasmid-based assay.

Unshielding Multidrug Resistant Cancer through Selective Iron Depletion of P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Cells.

Clinical evidence shows that following initial response to treatment, drug-resistant cancer cells frequently evolve and, eventually, most tumors become resistant to all available therapies. We compiled a focused library consisting of >500 commercially available or newly synthetized 8-hydroxyquinoline (8OHQ) derivatives whose toxicity is paradoxically increased rather than decreased by the activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transporter conferring multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we deciphered the mechanism of action of NSC297366 that shows exceptionally strong Pgp-potentiated toxicity.

Dendritic spine morphology and memory formation depend on postsynaptic Caskin proteins.

CASK-interactive proteins, Caskin1 and Caskin2, are multidomain neuronal scaffold proteins. Recent data from Caskin1 knockout animals indicated only a mild role of Caskin1 in anxiety and pain perception. In this work, we show that deletion of both Caskins leads to severe deficits in novelty recognition and spatial memory.

Chemical structure and in vitro cellular uptake of luminescent carbon quantum dots prepared by solvothermal and microwave assisted techniques.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a novel family of fluorescent materials that could be employed as non-toxic alternatives to molecular fluorescent dyes in biological research and also in medicine. Four different preparation approaches, including microwave assisted heating and solvent refluxing, were explored. In addition to the widely used microwave assisted methods, a simple convenient new procedure is presented here for the particle synthesis.

Children's perception of visual and auditory ambiguity and its link to executive functions and creativity.

The phenomenon of perceptual bistability provides insights into aspects of perceptual processing not normally accessible to everyday experience. However, most experiments have been conducted in adults, and it is not clear to what extent key aspects of perceptual switching change through development. The current research examined the ability of 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children (N = 66) to switch between competing percepts of ambiguous visual and auditory stimuli and links between switching rate, executive functions, and creativity.