Antioxidant Bioaccessibility of Cooked Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Tomato Pomace or Linseed Meal.

Gluten-free products lack bioactive compounds, while vegetable wastes from food manufacturing are still rich in nutrients. This study compared the antioxidants of gluten-free pastas enriched with vegetable by-products: the control formulation (66.7% rice and 33.

Histochemical and ultrastructural localization of triterpene saponins in Medicago truncatula.

In the Medicago genus, saponins are complex mixtures of triterpene pentacyclic glycosides extensively studied for their different and economically relevant biological and pharmaceutical properties. This research is aimed at determining for the first time the tissue and cellular localization of triterpene saponins in vegetative organs of Medicago truncatula, a model plant species for legumes, by histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that saponins are present mainly in the palisade mesophyll layer of leaves, whereas in stems they are mostly located in the primary phloem and the subepidermal cells of cortical parenchyma.

Monitoring Plant Height and Spatial Distribution of Biometrics with a Low-Cost Proximal Platform.

Measuring canopy height is important for phenotyping as it has been identified as the most relevant parameter for the fast determination of plant mass and carbon stock, as well as crop responses and their spatial variability. In this work, we develop a low-cost tool for measuring plant height proximally based on an ultrasound sensor for flexible use in static or on-the-go mode. The tool was lab-tested and field-tested on crop systems of different geometry and spacings: in a static setting on faba bean ( L.

Lupin as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds for Food Products.

Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped thanks to the excellent nutritional composition of their seeds: high protein content (28-48 g/100 g); good lipid content (4.6-13.5 g/100 g, but up to 20.

Sulla ( L.) Response to Drought Stress during Early Vegetative Stage.

Sulla ( L.) is a Mediterranean biannual anthelmintic forage. Due to its high productivity, nutraceutical value, and suitability for harsh environments, interest in this crop is growing.

Low-Level Clostridial Spores' Milk to Limit the Onset of Late Blowing Defect in Lysozyme-Free, Grana-Type Cheese.

The growth of clostridial spores during ripening leads to late blowing (LB), which is the main cause of spoilage in Grana Padano Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese and other hard, long-ripened cheeses such as Provolone, Comté, and similar cheeses. This study aimed to verify the cause-effect relationship between the level of clostridial butyric spores (BCS) in milk and the onset of the LB defect. To this end, experimental Grana-type cheeses were produced without lysozyme, using bulk milk with different average BCS content.

Root and Shoot Growth of a Modern and an Old Tall Durum Wheat ( Desf.) Variety under Dual-Purpose Management.

In dual-purpose cereal systems, the co-production of fodder and grain can increase farm profitability and reduce farming risks. Our work evaluated shoot and root growth in durum wheat ( Desf.) under dual-purpose management in a medium-high rainfall area of southern Italy.

Effects of Soil Water Shortage on Seedling Shoot and Root Growth of Saragolle Lucana Tetraploid Wheat ( Desf.) Landrace.

Ancient wheats may be a source of traits that are useful for the tolerance of climate change foreseen conditions of raising temperatures and low water availability. Previous research has shown a fine root system and a high mass of rhizosheath per unit root mass in the italian durum wheat ( Desf) landrace Saragolle Lucana, and this may be relevant for successfully facing adverse conditions during seedling establishment. We investigated the effect of soil water shortage in Saragolle seedlings on root architecture, rhizosheath formation and biomass allocation.

Antioxidant Properties of Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Vegetable By-Products.

The only therapy for coeliac disease patients is to completely avoid foods containing gluten, a protein complex common in several small-grain cereals. However, many alternative gluten-free foods available on the market present nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the composition and the antioxidant properties of gluten-free pasta enriched with 10% or 15% of tomato waste or linseed meal, two food industry by-products.

Effect of Debittering with Different Solvents and Ultrasound on Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Phenolics of Seeds.

Lupin seeds represent a rich nutritional source of bioactive compounds, including antioxidant molecules such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and phenolics. However, before consumption, the lupin seeds must be debittered in order to remove their bitter and toxic alkaloids. This study analyzed the impact on the bioactive compounds of seeds of a recent time- and water-saving debittering method, which employs alternative washing solutions (0.

The Reduction of Salt in Different Cheese Categories: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

Public awareness about excessive sodium intake and nutrition claims related to salt content entail the need for food industries to carefully reconsider the composition and processing of high sodium foods. Although in some products the reformulation with alternative ingredients is commonly practiced, in cheese the reduction of salt is still a challenging task, as sodium chloride exerts multiple and fundamental functions. Salt favors the drainage of the residual whey, enhances the taste and the aroma profile, regulates the texture, the final pH, the water activity, and affects the microbial growth.

The Microbiota of Grana Padano Cheese. A Review.

Grana Padano (GP) is the most appreciated and marketed cheese with Protected Designation of Origin in the world. The use of raw milk, the addition of undefined cultures (defined as 'sieroinnesto naturale'), the peculiar manufacturing proces, and the long ripening make the cheese microbiota play a decisive role in defining the quality and the organoleptic properties of the product. The knowledge on the microbial diversity associated with GP has been the subject, in recent years, of several studies aimed at understanding its composition and characteristics in order, on the one hand, to improve its technological performances and, on the other hand, to indirectly enhance the nutritional quality of the product.

Bacterial Community of Grana Padano PDO Cheese and Generical Hard Cheeses: DNA Metabarcoding and DNA Metafingerprinting Analysis to Assess Similarities and Differences.

The microbiota of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheeses plays an essential role in defining their quality and typicity and could be applied to protect these products from counterfeiting. To study the possible role of cheese microbiota in distinguishing Grana Padano (GP) cheese from generical hard cheeses (HC), the microbial structure of 119 GP cheese samples was studied by DNA metabarcoding and DNA metafingerprinting and compared with 49 samples of generical hard cheeses taken from retail. DNA metabarcoding highlighted the presence, as dominant taxa, of , , , , spp.

Design of an autochthonous starter culture using strains isolated from traditional Matsoni.

Artisanal products support the conservation of the indigenous biodiversity of food microbiomes, although they do not always comply to quality and hygienic requirements for the dairy industry. This study describes the development of an autochthonous starter culture to produce Matsoni, a traditional Georgian fermented milk. To this end, strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Matsoni samples were used to design a starter formulation reproducing the dominant microbial diversity, also preserving quality characteristics and ensuring the safety of the product.

Evaluation of Different Test-Day Milk Recording Protocols by Wood's Model Application for the Estimation of Dairy Goat Milk and Milk Constituent Yield.

Goats have important social and economic roles in many countries because of their ability to survive and be productive in marginal areas. The overarching aim of this study was to compare the application of Wood's model to different test-day milk recording protocols for estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield in dairy goats. A total of 465 goats were used (Garganica, 78; Girgentana, 81; Jonica, 76; Maltese, 77; Red Mediterranean, 76; Saanen, 77).

Functional characterization and immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus helveticus strains isolated from Italian hard cheeses.

Lactobacillus helveticus carries many properties such as the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit, modulate the host immune response, accumulate biopeptides in milk, and adhere to the epithelial cells that could contribute to improving host health. In this study, the applicability as functional cultures of four L. helveticus strains isolated from Italian hard cheeses was investigated.

Characterization and pre-industrial validation of Streptococcus thermophilus strains to be used as starter cultures for Crescenza, an Italian soft cheese.

The aim of this work was to search for new candidate strains to be included in a culture for Crescenza, a rindless soft cheese, today produced mainly at industrial level using selected starter cultures composed of S. thermophilus. Performance testing was applied to 29 pre-selected strains and a scoring approach was developed to identify the most suitable candidates to be employed in Crescenza cheesemaking.

Evaluation of bacterial communities of Grana Padano cheese by DNA metabarcoding and DNA fingerprinting analysis.

The composition of the bacterial community of Grana Padano (GP) cheese was evaluated by an amplicon-based metagenomic approach (DNA metabarcoding) and RAPD-PCR fingerprinting. One hundred eighteen cheeses, which included 118 dairies located in the production area of GP, were collected. Two hundred fifty-four OTUs were detected, of which 82 were further discriminated between dominant (32 OTUs; > 1% total reads) and subdominant (50 OTUs; between 0.

Comparison between Single- and Group-housed Pregnant Sows for Direct and Indirect Physiological, Reproductive, Welfare Indicators and Gene Expression Profiling.

Single- and group-housed pregnant sows were assessed during 8 weeks (4th and 8th to 14th) with regard to physiological, reproductive, welfare indicators and gene expression profiling. Compared to single-housed sows, group-housed sows had decreased non-return to estrus at 56 days after artificial insemination (AI) (83% vs 92%) and farrowing rate (78% vs 88%), respectively. Furthermore, group-housed sows showed a higher degree ( < 0.

Survey on the CRISPR arrays in Lactobacillus helveticus genomes.

Lactobacillus helveticus is a homofermentative thermophilic lactic acid bacteria that is mainly used in the manufacture of Swiss type and long-ripened Italian hard cheeses. In this study, the presence of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) were analysed in 25 L. helveticus genomes and identified in 23 of these genomes.

Effect of Diet Supplementation with Quinoa Seed and/or Linseed on Immune Response, Productivity and Meat Quality in Merinos Derived Lambs.

In the last years several studies have investigated the strong relation between nutrition and immune response in the livestock production, particularly in dairy cattle and sheep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation based on linseed, quinoa seeds and their combination on welfare, productivity and quality of meat from merinos derived lambs. 32 weaned lambs were divided into 4 experimental groups: quinoa (Q), linseed (LS) and combination of quinoa and linseed (LS + Q) that received the respective supplementation and control group (C) without supplementation.

Phytic acid transport in Phaseolus vulgaris: A new low phytic acid mutant in the PvMRP1 gene and study of the PvMRPs promoters in two different plant systems.

Phytic acid (InsP) is the main storage form of phosphate in seeds. In the plant it plays an important role in response to environmental stress and hormonal changes. InsP is a strong chelator of cations, reducing the bioavailability of essential minerals in the diet.

Folates biosynthesis by Streptococcus thermophilus during growth in milk.

The ability of folate-producer strains of Streptococcus thermophilus to accumulate folates and the expression of two target genes (folK and folP), involved in the folate biosynthesis, were studied during milk fermentation. An over-expression of folK took place only in the early phase of growth, whereas folP was mainly expressed in the mid log-phase of growth and declined thereafter. The accumulation of total folates, which was quantified by a microbiological assay, was strain-dependent.

Prototheca blaschkeae subsp. brasiliensis subsp. nov., isolated from cow milk.

A strain of an achlorophyllic alga, named PR24, was isolated from cow milk samples from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Based on 18S rDNA, 28S rRNA, D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA and SSU rRNA gene sequence similarities, this strain was found to be a member of the genus Prototheca and closely related to Protothecablaschkeae SAG2064. However, the novel strain could easily be distinguished from recognized Prototheca species by internal transcribed spacer, species-specific PCR, single-strand conformation polymorphism-PCR analysis and phenotypic characteristics.