The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre in Europe and the Maghreb (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae).

The genus Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904 (= Extraepipona Gusenleitner, 2014, syn. nov.; Euodynerus occultus (Gusenleitner, 2014), comb.

In Vivo Efficacy of a Nanoconjugated Glycopeptide Antibiotic in Silkworm Larvae Infected by .

To contrast the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, new alternative therapeutic options are urgently needed. The use of nanoparticles as carriers for clinically relevant antibiotics represents a promising solution to potentiate their efficacy. In this study, we used larvae for the first time as an animal model for testing a nanoconjugated glycopeptide antibiotic (teicoplanin) against infection.

Exploring the relationships between ground observations and remotely sensed hazelnut spring phenology.

Crop phenology is very important in regular crop monitoring. Generally, phenology is monitored through field observation surveys or satellite data. The relationships between ground observations and remotely sensed derived phenological data can enable near-real-time monitoring over large areas, which has never been attempted on hazelnuts.

Neighbors sharing pathogens: the intricate relationship between Apis mellifera and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) nesting in hives.

Ants are ubiquitous and eusocial insects that exhibit frequent physical contact among colony members, thereby increasing their susceptibility to diseases. Some species are often found in beehives and in their surroundings, where they exploit the food resources of honey bees. This intricate relationship may facilitate the interspecific transmission of honey bee pathogens to ants, although ants themselves may contribute to spillback phenomena.

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) bacterial symbionts.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health problem. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the factors driving the spread of resistance among environmental microorganisms is limited, and few studies have been performed worldwide. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.

Using honey bee colonies to monitor phenotypic and genotypic resistance to colistin.

Colistin is a polymyxin antimicrobic mainly used to treat infection caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Mechanisms of colistin resistance are linked to the mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, which are transferable within mobile plasmids. Currently, there is limited research on the environmental dissemination of these genes.

Crop rotational diversity can mitigate climate-induced grain yield losses.

Diversified crop rotations have been suggested to reduce grain yield losses from the adverse climatic conditions increasingly common under climate change. Nevertheless, the potential for climate change adaptation of different crop rotational diversity (CRD) remains undetermined. We quantified how climatic conditions affect small grain and maize yields under different CRDs in 32 long-term (10-63 years) field experiments across Europe and North America.

Taxonomic revision of the Stenodynerus fastidiosissimus species-group in Western Europe and North Africa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae).

The fastidiosissimus species-group of Stenodynerus de Saussure, 1863 is revised in Western Europe and North Africa, combining morphological data and DNA barcoding. Six species are recognized: S. difficilis (Morawitz, 1867) stat.

Alginate-Based Carriers Loaded with Mulberry ( L.) Leaf Extract: A Promising Strategy for Prolonging 1-Deoxynojirimicyn (DNJ) Systemic Activity for the Nutraceutical Management of Hyperglycemic Conditions.

The iminosugar 1-deoxynojirimicyn (DNJ) contained in mulberry leaves has displayed systemic beneficial effects against disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Nevertheless, its effect is impaired by the short half-life. Alginate-based carriers were developed to encapsulate a DNJ-rich mulberry extract: Ca-alginate beads, obtained by external gelation, and spray-dried alginate microparticles (SDMs).

Seasonal trends of the ABPV, KBV, and IAPV complex in Italian managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies.

Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) usually persist as covert infections in honey bee colonies. They can cause rapid bee mortality in cases of severe infection, often associated with high Varroa destructor infestation, by which they are transmitted. In various countries, these viruses have been associated with colony collapse.

Predictive statistical models for monitoring antimicrobial resistance spread in the environment using Apis mellifera (L. 1758) colonies.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most relevant problems for human and animal health. According to One Health Approach, it is important to regulate the use of antimicrobials and monitor the spread of AMR in the environment as well. Apis mellifera (L.

Assessing the driving role of the anthropogenic landscape on the distribution of the Xylella fastidiosa-driven "olive quick decline syndrome" in Apulia (Italy).

The plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a significant threat to various economically important tree cash crops. Although previously found only in the Americas, the bacterium responsible for olive quick decline syndrome was detected in Apulia, Italy, in 2013. Since then, it has spread to approximately 54,000 ha of olive trees in the region, causing dramatic concern throughout the Mediterranean basin.

The use of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) as biological monitors for pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance: A systematic review.

The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly real and relevant health problem. It is essential to verify the spread of this phenomenon in the environment. The European honey bee, Apis mellifera L.

Potential of Full-Fat Silkworm-Based Diets for Laying Quails: Performance and Egg Physical Quality.

The present research was conducted to determine the optimal inclusion level of full-fat silkworm chrysalis meal (SWM) into laying quails' diets, focusing on performance traits and egg physical quality. A total of 240 31-day-old female Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four dietary groups (12 replicates/treatment; 5 quails/replicate); quails were initially fed a standard commercial diet for pullets until 63 days of age. When oviposition started, the experimental groups received the following diets: a conventional corn and soybean-based diet (control diet-C) and three other diets, including 4%, 8%, or 12% of full-fat SWM (SWM4, SWM8, SWM12, respectively).

Detection and distribution of two dominant alleles associated with the sweet kernel phenotype in almond cultivated germplasm.

Almond [ Miller (D. A. Webb), syn.

The Operon as a Conundrum of Gene Dynamics and Biochemical Constraints: What We Have Learned from Histidine Biosynthesis.

Operons represent one of the leading strategies of gene organization in prokaryotes, having a crucial influence on the regulation of gene expression and on bacterial chromosome organization. However, there is no consensus yet on why, how, and when operons are formed and conserved, and many different theories have been proposed. Histidine biosynthesis is a highly studied metabolic pathway, and many of the models suggested to explain operons origin and evolution can be applied to the histidine pathway, making this route an attractive model for the study of operon evolution.

Challenges and Advances in Bee Health and Diseases.

Understanding the health status of bees is crucial in assessing the epidemiology of pathogens that cause diseases in honey bee () colonies and wild bees [...

A Infection Model for Screening Antibiotics against .

The increasing number of microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics is prompting the development of new antimicrobial compounds and strategies to fight bacterial infections. The use of insects to screen and test new drugs is increasingly considered a promising tool to accelerate the discovery phase and limit the use of mammalians. In this study, we used for the first time the silkworm, , as an in vivo infection model to test the efficacy of three glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs), against the nosocomial pathogen .

Feeding silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) oil to growing rabbits improves the fatty acid composition of meat, liver and perirenal fat.

Silkworm oil was used in a rabbit diet to evaluate its benefit on the fatty acid (FA) profile of different carcass portions. Two experimental diets were prepared: a control diet (commercial diet with 13 g/kg sunflower oil) and a silkworm oil diet (SWO) (commercial diet with 13 g/kg silkworm oil). Rabbits received the experimental diets the last three weeks before slaughter, which occurred at 10 weeks of age.

The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera.

With approximately 160,000 identified species of butterflies and moths, Lepidoptera are among the most species-rich and diverse insect orders. Lepidopteran insects have fundamental ecosystem functions as pollinators and valuable food sources for countless animals. Furthermore, Lepidoptera have a significant impact on the economy and global food security because many species in their larval stage are harmful pests of staple food crops.

Agronomic Strategies to Improve N Efficiency Indices in Organic Durum Wheat Grown in Mediterranean Area.

Organic farming systems are often constrained by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability. Here we evaluated the effect of foliar organic N and sulphur (S), and selenium (Se) application on durum wheat, considering N uptake, utilization efficiency (NUtE), grain yield, and protein concentration as target variables. Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 on two old (Cappelli and old Saragolla) and two modern (Marco Aurelio and Nadif) Italian durum wheat varieties.

Glucosinolate Bioactivation by Workers and Its Impact on Infection at the Colony Level.

The microsporidian fungus represents one of the primary bee infection threats worldwide and the antibiotic fumagillin is the only registered product for nosemosis disease control, while few alternatives are, at present, available. Natural bioactive compounds deriving from the glucosinolate-myrosinase system (GSL-MYR) in Brassicaceae plants, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs), are known for their antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogens and for their health-protective effects in humans. This work explored the use of and defatted seed meal (DSM) GSL-containing diets against natural infection in colonies.