A comparative study for organophosphate triesters and diesters in mice via oral gavage exposure: Tissue distribution, excreta elimination, metabolites and toxicity.

Organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) and diesters (di-OPEs) may threaten human health through dietary intake, whereas little information is available about their fate in mammals. Herein, mice exposure experiments were carried out through gavage with six tri-OPEs and six di-OPEs, respectively. The residual levels of di-OPEs in mice were generally higher than those of tri-OPEs.

Unusual and Persistent Free Radical Intermediate Production from 2-Pyridyl Ketones via UV Irradiation: A Direct ESR Study.

Aryl ketones are often used as photosensitizers and photoinitiators. Free radical intermediates have been suggested, but not confirmed, to be generated after photoirradiation. Here we found, unexpectedly, that a persistent radical was produced from di-2-pyridyl ketone after UV irradiation, which was detected by the direct ESR method.

A scaling law for predicting urban trees canopy cooling efficiency.

Urban heat mitigation is a pressing concern for cities. Intense urban heat poses a threat to human health and urban sustainability. Tree planting is one of the most widely employed nature-based heat mitigation methods worldwide.

Controlling iron release and pathogenic bacterial growth in distribution pipes through nanofiltration followed by different disinfection methods.

There is increasing concern about discoloration problems and microbial risks in drinking water. Until recently, how to control iron release and pathogenic bacterial growth in distribution pipes has been a knowledge gap. In our study, nanofiltration removed 13.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at low concentration improve coagulation efficiency but induce higher membrane fouling in drinking water treatment.

The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water has been widely reported in recent years. Many techniques, e.g.

Co-selective effect of dissolved organic matter and chlorine on the bacterial community and their antibiotic resistance in biofilm of drinking water distribution pipes.

The proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the biofilm of drinking water distribution pipes poses a serious threat to human health. This work adopted 15 polyethylene (PE) pipes to study the co-selective effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chlorine on the bacterial community and their antibiotic resistance in biofilm. The results indicated that ozone and granular activated carbon (O-GAC) filtration effectively removed lignins and proteins from DOM, and chlorine disinfection eliminated carbohydrate and unsaturated hydrocarbons, which both contributed to the inhibition of bacterial growth and biofilm formation.

Environmental behavior and risk of the emerging organic contaminants halogenated carbazoles in chemical industrial park clusters.

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are emerging organic contaminants and have attracted extensive concern because of their widespread occurrence and dioxin-like toxicity. However, the distribution characteristics, environmental behavior, and fate of PHCZs are still poorly understood. In this study, 74 composite environmental samples from 21 Chinese cities were collected around industrial parks in the Yangtze River Delta.

Impacts of soil type on the temporal dynamics of antibiotic resistance gene profiles following application of composted manure.

Farmland application of composted manure is associated with a risk of dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soils. However, the impact of soil type on the temporal dynamics of ARGs in agricultural soil remains largely unclear. The aims of this study were to study the persistence of composted manure-derived ARGs in six soil types representative for Chinese agriculture and to explore the underlying environmental drivers of soil ARG profiles in a controlled greenhouse experiment.

Environmental fate and transformation mechanisms of chlorinated organic pollutants from the petrochemical industry: Insights for pollution control and remediation.

Chlorinated organic pollutants (Cl-OPs), highly toxic and environmentally persistent, have become the spotlight, particularly from petrochemical industry. This study focuses on environmental fate of Cl-OPs from petrochemical industry, and transformation mechanisms in multi-media, aiming to enhance pollution control and remediation strategies. Emitted from leakage and waste discharge, Cl-OPs, encompassing chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs), traditional and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), were prevalent with average concentrations of 10-10 μg/m in the atmosphere, 10-10 μg/kg in soil and 10-10 μg/L in groundwater.

Sulfate residuals on Ru catalysts switch CO reduction from methanation to reverse water-gas shift reaction.

Efficient heterogeneous catalyst design primarily focuses on engineering the active sites or supports, often neglecting the impact of trace impurities on catalytic performance. Herein, we demonstrate that even trace amounts of sulfate (SO) residuals on Ru/TiO can totally change the CO reduction from methanation to reverse-water gas shift (RWGS) reaction under atmospheric pressure. We reveal that air annealing causes the trace amount of SO to migrate from TiO to Ru/TiO interface, leading to the significant changes in product selectivity from CH to CO.

Bacterial hosts and horizontal transfer characteristics of clinically important tet(X)-variant genes in municipal wastewater treatment plants using epicPCR-directed cultivation strategy.

Mobile tet(X)-variant genes confer resistance to a wide range of tetracyclines, including the antibiotic of last-resort, tigecycline, raising significant concerns regarding their potential spread cross-environmental dissemination. However, the bacterial hosts and environmental spread of these genes remain poorly understood. Herein, a retrospective study unveiled the prevalence of tet(X)-variant genes (ranging from tet(X3) to tet(X6)) in activated sludge samples from five municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 2013 to 2021.

Mechanistic insight on nanomaterial-induced reactive oxygen species formation.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to cell death, proliferation and inflammation. However, excessive ROS levels may exceed the cellular oxidative capacity and cause irreversible damage. Organisms are often inadvertently exposed to nanomaterials (NMs).

Application of Carbon Nanomaterials to Enhancing Tumor Immunotherapy: Current Advances and Prospects.

Recent advances in tumor immunotherapy have highlighted the pivotal role of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon dots, graphene quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes. This review examines the unique benefits of these materials in cancer treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action within immunotherapy. These include applications in immunoregulation, recognition, and enhancement.

Heavy metal stabilization via copyrolysis of comodified vermiculite with municipal sludge/aged refuse: Comprehensive analysis of hazards and characteristics of multiple coexisting heavy metals.

Mg impregnation, intercalation-exfoliation, and thermal activation methods were employed to create various types of modified vermiculite (MV), with their combination creating linked-modified vermiculite (LMV). Copyrolysis of MV with municipal sludge (MS)/aged refuse (AF) in a fluidized bed improved heavy metal (HM) stability compared to copyrolysis of original vermiculite, with LMV demonstrating superior performance compared to other types of MV. The HM retention rate, potential ecological risk assessment, and form distribution analysis supported the efficacy of the approach.

Effect of Elevated Temperatures on Inflammatory Cytokine Release: An and Population-Based Study.

Extreme high temperatures in the summer have become a global concern, and their risks to the inflammatory system have been largely unknown. Here we appraised the exposure risks of summer heatwaves by comparing the sera cytokine levels in healthy individuals under high and normal temperatures. In addition, we established a cell model with a 1.

Environmental Obesogens and Their Perturbations in Lipid Metabolism.

Epidemiological data show that obesity is now a pandemic. Lipid homeostasis requires the coordination of multiple tissues and organs, including the liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, and adipose tissues, to maintain bodily homeostasis. As increasing amounts of chemicals are being synthesized, applied, and released into the environment, their obesogenic effects have triggered serious concern.

Emerging Chemicals in China: Historical Development, Current Situation, and Future Outlook.

There has been a widespread international consensus to enhance the regulation of emerging chemicals in the 21st century. The substantial implementation work conducted over the past two decades has established a strong foundation for the control of emerging chemicals across the world. Nevertheless, distinct challenges confront countries and regions due to the ever-evolving diverse national conditions.