Targeting KRAS: from metabolic regulation to cancer treatment.

The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) protein plays a key pathogenic role in oncogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. Numerous studies have explored the role of metabolic alterations in KRAS-driven cancers, providing a scientific rationale for targeting metabolism in cancer treatment. The development of KRAS-specific inhibitors has also garnered considerable attention, partly due to the challenge of acquired treatment resistance.

Extensive homologous recombination safeguards oocyte genome integrity in mammals.

Meiosis in mammalian oocytes is interrupted by a prolonged arrest at the germinal vesicle stage, during which oocytes have to repair DNA lesions to ensure genome integrity or otherwise undergo apoptosis. The FIRRM/FLIP-FIGNL1 complex dissociates RAD51 from the joint DNA molecules in both homologous recombination (HR) and DNA replication. However, as a type of non-meiotic, non-replicative cells, whether this RAD51-dismantling mechanism regulates genome integrity in oocytes remains elusive.

Global status and attributable risk factors of breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Female-specific cancers, particularly breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers, account for nearly 40% of all cancers in women. This study aimed to analyze the global epidemiological trends of these cancers from 1990 to 2021, offering insights into their evolving patterns and providing valuable information for health policymakers to allocate healthcare resources more effectively.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) were used to comprehensively assess the global incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of female-specific cancers.

Abnormal expression of miR-668-3p in non-small cell lung cancer patients and its correlation with serum-related tumor markers.

Background: The accuracy and reliability of identified biomarkers in differentiating early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain suboptimal, thereby impeding the timely detection of NSCLC.The objective of this research is to examine the expression level and diagnostic utility of miR-668-3p in individuals with NSCLC, along with its effectiveness and predictive capacity in the combined diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC using serum markers.

Methods: The research included 117 NSCLC patients and 101 pulmonary nodule patients (controls).

Novel Synonymous HLA-B*35:01:80 Allele Identified by Next-Generation Sequencing.

The new HLA-B*35:01:80 allele showed one synonymous nucleotide difference compared to the HLA-B*35:01:01:01 allele in codon 137.

Micronucleus counts correlating with male infertility: a clinical analysis of chromosomal abnormalities and reproductive parameters.

Investigating the correlation between micronucleus formation and male infertility has the potential to improve clinical diagnosis and deepen our understanding of pathological progression. Our study enrolled 2252 male patients whose semen was analyzed from March 2023 to July 2023. Their clinical data, including semen parameters and age, were also collected.

The intestinal fungus Aspergillus tubingensis promotes polycystic ovary syndrome through a secondary metabolite.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%-10% of women of reproductive age and is known to be associated with disruptions in the gut bacteria. However, the role of the gut mycobiota in PCOS pathology remains unclear. Using culture-dependent and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)-sequencing methods, we discovered an enrichment of the gut-colonizable fungus Aspergillus tubingensis in 226 individuals, with or without PCOS, from 3 different geographical areas within China.

Optimising Luteinising Hormone Levels on Trigger Day for Improved Ovarian Response and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocols: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine the optimal luteinising hormone (LH) level on the trigger day and its impact on pregnancy outcomes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocols using a data-driven approach.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.

Genetic association between human skin microbiota with vaginitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

The human skin microbiome is closely associated with various diseases. We aimed to find the causal association of the human skin microbiome with vaginitis. A two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization study used summary statistics of the human skin microbiota from the largest genome-wide association study meta-analysis.

Association between heavy metal exposure and bacterial vaginosis: A cross-sectional study.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a prevalent cause of vaginal symptoms in women of reproductive age. With the widespread of heavy metal pollutants and their harmful function on women's immune and hormonal systems, it is necessary to explore the association between heavy metal exposure and BV. This study investigates the potential relationship between serum heavy metals and bacterial vaginosis in a cohort of American women.

Molecular Subgroups of HRD Positive Ovarian Cancer and Their Prognostic Significance.

Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) is involved in the development of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) and its elevated sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. To investigate the heterogeneity of the HRD-positive HGSOC we evaluated the HRD status, including BRCA mutations, genomic scar score, and methylation status of genes in 352 HGSOC specimens. We then divided the HRD-positive cohort into three molecular subgroups, the BRCA mutation cohort (BRCA+), BRCA1 methylation cohort (Meth+), and the rest of the HRD+ cohort (HRD+BRCA-Meth-), and evaluated their first-line chemotherapy response, benefit from olaparib, and progression-free survival (PFS).

Increased Levels of hsa-miR-199a-3p and hsa-miR-382-5p in Maternal and Neonatal Blood Plasma in the Case of Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

Despite the increasing number of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) cases in recent years, its impact on neonatal outcomes and respiratory morbidity, as well as the underlying pathogenetic mechanism, has not yet been extensively studied. Moreover, no study has yet demonstrated the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroid therapy (CT) for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns of mothers with PAS at the molecular level. In this regard, microRNA (miRNA) profiling by small RNA deep sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR was performed on 160 blood plasma samples from preterm infants (gestational age: 33-36 weeks) and their mothers who had been diagnosed with or without PAS depending on the timing of the antenatal RDS prophylaxis.

MicroRNA-Based Liquid Biopsy for Cervical Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring.

Despite prevention strategies, cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue. Human papillomavirus plays a critical role in its development, and early detection is vital to improve patient outcomes. The incidence of cervical cancer is projected to rise, necessitating better diagnostic tools.

Advancements in Minimally Invasive Techniques and Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Endometrial Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Diagnostic Approaches and Clinical Implications.

This review evaluates the advances in the early detection and diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC), emphasizing the growing importance of minimally invasive techniques and novel biomarkers. Current diagnostic protocols for EC rely heavily on invasive procedures such as transvaginal ultrasound (TVU), hysteroscopy, and endometrial biopsy, which, although effective, can be overly burdensome for patients and inefficient for asymptomatic or low-risk populations. As there is no consensus on EC screening in high-risk or general populations, recent studies have explored alternative methods using biofluids and genomic biomarkers to improve sensitivity and specificity and facilitate access for patients.

Consortium of 2029 and 7247 Strains Shows In Vitro Bactericidal Effect on and, in Combination with Prebiotic, Protects Against Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction.

(CJ) is the etiological agent of the world's most common intestinal infectious food-borne disease, ranging from mild symptoms to fatal outcomes. The development of innovative synbiotics that inhibit the adhesion and reproduction of multidrug-resistant (MDR) CJ in animals and humans, thereby preserving intestinal homeostasis, is relevant. We have created a synbiotic based on the consortium of 2029 (LC2029), 7247 (LS7247), and a mannan-rich prebiotic (Actigen).

Pregnancy and Nursing Management for Embryo-Transferred and Genetically Modified Rabbits.

With the advancement of scientific research, the demand for gene-edited rabbit models is increasing. However, there are limited pregnancy and feeding management systems for gene-edited rabbits, leading to low survival rates among gene-edited rabbits prepared by many inexperienced researchers. Therefore, proper guidance is essential.

Knowledge Mapping of Stem Cell Therapy for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Bibliometric Analysis (2000-2023).

Background: Premature Ovarian Failure (POI), a prevalent gynecological, endocrine disease, significantly impairs the reproductive health of women of childbearing age and presents a formidable challenge to clinicians. Until now, there has been a lack of effective treatments to fundamentally improve ovarian function in patients with POI. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment in the field of POI, with notable research progress achieved to date.

Cerebral vein thrombosis: management tactics with a focus on pregnancy, the use of hormone therapy and assisted reproductive technologies.

Cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare, life-threatening condition that has now become more commonly diagnosed due to advancements in imaging techniques. Our purpose is to improve understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis and pregnancy and IVF management in patients with a history of cerebral thrombosis. We present an overview of the modern tactics of anticoagulant therapy for cerebral thrombosis with a focus on pregnancy, the use of hormone therapy, and assisted reproductive technologies.

Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Public health issues related to tuberculosis still exist. Because Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is more effective than conventional TB diagnostic techniques are, it is now regarded as an emerging technology. The diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for tuberculosis was assessed in this systematic study.

Clinicopathological and prognostic factor analyses of primary fallopian tube carcinoma and high-grade serous ovarian cancer: a single-institution retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinicopathologic features of primary fallopian tubal carcinoma (PFTC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and explore the prognostic factors of these two malignant tumors.

Methods: Fifty-seven patients diagnosed with PFTC from 2006 to 2015 and 60 patients diagnosed with HGSOC from 2014 to 2015 with complete prognostic information were identified at Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University. The clinicopathological and surgical data were collected, and the survival of the patients was followed for 5 years after surgery.

Association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and endometriosis: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.

Background: Prior research indicates a potential link between dyslipidemia and endometriosis (EMs). However, the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and EMs has not been thoroughly investigated. Consequently, looking into and clarifying the connection between RC and EMs was the primary goal of this study.

The immediate risk of cancer and its precursor lesions in women with abnormal cervical glandular cytology.

: This study aims to assess the immediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade (CIN)3+ lesions in women with abnormal cervical glandular cytology. : A total of 403 women with abnormal cervical glandular cytology who underwent simultaneous HPV genotyping and cervical biopsy at the Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, China, between 2016 and 2020, were included in this study. The probability of CIN3+ lesions among women in each group was further analyzed.

Chronic exposure to liquid crystal monomer EBCN at environmentally relevant concentrations induces testicular dysfunction via the gut-testis axis.

4-Cyano-4'-ethoxybiphenyl (EBCN) is a representative cyano liquid crystal monomer (LCM). While prior studies have documented the widespread occurrence of LCMs in diverse environmental and biological samples, research on their reproductive effects in vivo remains limited. This study employed 35-day and 70-day exposure models in mice to assess the short-term and long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of EBCN on testicular health.

Comparison of fresh testicular sperm aspiration and use of either thawed pre-frozen sperm or oocyte freezing: impact on cumulative live birth rates for couples experiencing ejaculation failure.

Study Question: Is there a difference in the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) after fresh testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) compared with the use of either pre-frozen sperm or oocyte freezing for couples experiencing ejaculation failure on the day of oocyte retrieval?

Summary Answer: After adjusting for confounding factors, the use of pre-frozen sperm or the freezing and thawing of oocytes appeared to be as effective as TESA in achieving CLBRs for couples experiencing temporary ejaculation failure.

What Is Known Already: Male patients may be concerned about experiencing temporary ejaculation failure on the day of their partner's oocyte retrieval, in which case they may choose surgical sperm retrieval, oocyte freezing on the day, or have their sperm frozen in advance. However, the clinical efficacy of these three options has not yet been evaluated.