Comparative assessment of sarcopenia using the JSH, AWGS, and EWGSOP2 criteria and the relationship between sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Background: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis reduce life quality and worsen prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). When these two complications coexist, a diagnosis of osteosarcopenia is made. We aimed to investigate the actual situations of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, and vertebral fracture, and to clarify the relationship among these events in patients with LC.

Extracellular vesicles derived from Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid from patients: isolation, characterization and evaluation of immunomodulatory functions on T cells.

Cystic echinococcosis is a chronic and complex zoonotic disease. The mechanisms underlying the parasite's establishment, growth and persistence are not completely understood, and are thought be modulated by a crosstalk through extracellular vesicles. Here, EVs were isolated from the hydatid cyst fluid of patients with cystic echinococcosis and protoscolex culture supernatant.

IgM response is a prognostic biomarker of primary biliary cholangitis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate.

Background And Aim: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients who are refractory to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are at risk for progression to cirrhosis and liver failure. Bezafibrate could be an alternative second-line therapeutic option in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome(s) of combined UDCA and bezafibrate therapy in UDCA-refractory PBC patients and identify prognostic factors.

Prevention of early liver metastasis after pancreatectomy by perioperative administration of a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor in mice.

Background: Liver metastasis is a common problem after pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer. In pancreatic cancer cells, nuclear factor-κB is activated constitutively. Nuclear factor-κB activates matrix metalloproteinase-2/9, which plays an important role in cancer metastasis.

HLA-DQ and RBFOX1 as susceptibility genes for an outbreak of hydrolyzed wheat allergy.

Background: Food allergy is a growing health problem worldwide because of its increasing prevalence, life-threatening potential, and shortage of effective preventive treatments. In an outbreak of wheat allergy in Japan, thousands of patients had allergic reactions to wheat after using soap containing hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP).

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate genetic variation that can contribute to susceptibility to HWP allergy.

Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism through selective turnover of NCoR1.

Selective autophagy ensures the removal of specific soluble proteins, protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria, and invasive bacteria from cells. Defective autophagy has been directly linked to metabolic disorders. However how selective autophagy regulates metabolism remains largely uncharacterized.

A cis-eQTL allele regulating reduced expression of CHI3L1 is associated with late-onset adult asthma in Japanese cohorts.

Background: The chitinase-like protein YKL-40 plays a major role in inhibiting the inflammasome. Deregulation of inflammasome activation is emerging as a key modulator of pathologic airway inflammation in patients with asthma. We determined whether cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of the gene that encodes YKL-40, chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), are involved in the onset of asthma or in specific asthma phenotypes.

Hyperprogression after pembrolizumab treatment in two patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Hyperprogression has recently been recognized as a new pattern of progression in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Here, we report two cases that showed hyperprogression during the initial phase of pembrolizumab treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The first patient, who received pembrolizumab as a second-line treatment, developed severe respiratory failure due to the rapid progression of lung metastases on the ninth day after the third pembrolizumab treatment.

Correction: Hiroshi Sugano et al. Nafamostat Mesilate Enhances the Radiosensitivity and Reduces the Radiation-Induced Invasive Ability of Colorectal Cancer Cells. 2018, , 386.

The authors would like to make a correction to their published paper [...

Forced expression of DYRK2 exerts anti-tumor effects via apoptotic induction in liver cancer.

Liver cancer is highly aggressive and globally exhibits a poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of novel molecules that can become targets for future therapies is urgently required. We have reported that dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis.

The clock components Period2, Cryptochrome1a, and Cryptochrome2a function in establishing light-dependent behavioral rhythms and/or total activity levels in zebrafish.

The circadian clock generates behavioral rhythms to maximize an organism's physiological efficiency. Light induces the formation of these rhythms by synchronizing cellular clocks. In zebrafish, the circadian clock components Period2 (zPER2) and Cryptochrome1a (zCRY1a) are light-inducible, however their physiological functions are unclear.

Genetic Profile and Microsatellite Instability in a Case of Secondary Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 12 Years After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aplastic Anemia.

We report on a 16-year-old Japanese boy in whom an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) developed 12 years after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed for aplastic anemia. A high frequency of microsatellite instability was detected in samples of ESCC. Moreover, the detection of pathogenic variants, including single nucleotide substitution of TP53 (c.

Endotoxemia by Injection Aggravates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Disrupts Glucose/Lipid Metabolism, and Alters Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Many risk factors related to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been proposed, including the most well-known of diabetes and obesity as well as periodontitis. As periodontal pathogenic bacteria produce endotoxins, periodontal treatment can result in endotoxemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous, sonicated () injection on glucose/lipid metabolism, liver steatosis, and gut microbiota in mice.

Nafamostat Mesilate Enhances the Radiosensitivity and Reduces the Radiation-Induced Invasive Ability of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer. However, several studies have reported that ionizing radiation (IR) activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) that causes radioresistance and induces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9, which promote tumor migration and invasion. Nafamostat mesilate (FUT175), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, enhances the chemosensitivity to cytotoxic agents in digestive system cancer cells by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

The pathogenesis linked to coenzyme Q10 insufficiency in iPSC-derived neurons from patients with multiple-system atrophy.

Multiple-system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure with various combinations of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal dysfunction. We previously reported that functionally impaired variants of COQ2, which encodes an essential enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of coenzyme Q10, are associated with MSA. Here, we report functional deficiencies in mitochondrial respiration and the antioxidative system in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from an MSA patient with compound heterozygous COQ2 mutations.

Effect of everolimus treatment for regrown renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex after transcatheter arterial embolization.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and the utility of second-line everolimus treatment for regrown renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE).

Methods: We investigated a total of 14 patients who underwent second-line everolimus treatment for TSC-AML that regrew after TAE, and assessed their effects and adverse events. Everolimus treatment was performed for AML with a maximum diameter of 4 cm.

Fetal Origins of Hypertension.

Hypertension is a common noncommunicable disease. According to the World Health Organization, 1.13 billion people were suffering from hypertension in the year 2015.

Identification of the active portion of the CCL3 derivative reported to induce antitumor abscopal effect.

Background And Purpose: Intravenous administration of a single amino acid-substituted chemokine CCL3 derivative named eMIP elicits the abscopal effect (an effect distal to the target), after local irradiation at a tumor-bearing site. To distinguish the active portion of eMIP, we tested the antitumor activity of chemically synthesized partial peptides of eMIP. Synthetic peptide has various advantages in its clinical application.