Characterisation of the nail microbiome in psoriatic and nonpsoriatic patients with onychomycosis.

Background: Onychomycosis (OM) is the most common infectious nail disease, and it occurs frequently in patients with psoriasis. Microbial community shifts have been suggested to play a role in psoriasis and fungal infection occurrence.

Objectives: To investigate and compare nail microbial community compositions in psoriatic and nonpsoriatic patients with OM.

Skin microbiome alterations in seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff: A systematic review.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff (DF) are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by recurrent greasy scales, sometimes with erythema and itchiness. Although the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unclear, current theories highlight the role of microbes on the skin surface in the pathogenesis of SD. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the skin microbiome alterations in patients with SD/DF.

The Elevated Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to the Sensitivity of the Amphotericin B-Resistant Isolate of to Triazoles and Echinocandins.

has been frequently reported as the second cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA), as well as the leading cause in certain tropical countries. Amphotericin B (AMB) is a clinically important therapy option for a range of invasive fungal infections including invasive aspergillosis, and resistance to AMB was associated with poor outcomes in IA patients treated with AMB. Compared with the AMB-susceptible isolates of , the AMB-resistant isolates of showed a lower level of AMB-induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was an important cause of AMB resistance.

A 20-Year Antifungal Susceptibility Surveillance (From 1999 to 2019) for spp. and Proposed Epidemiological Cutoff Values for and : A Study in a Tertiary Hospital in China.

The emergence of resistant spp. is increasing worldwide. Long-term susceptibility surveillance for clinically isolated spp.

Triazole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in an Israeli Patient with Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis Due to a Novel E306K Substitution in Hmg1.

Triazole resistance in the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus has increased worldwide, posing a growing therapeutic challenge. Recently, mutations in the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene () have been associated with triazole resistance. Here, we describe a novel E306K triazole resistance-conferring mutation in the HMG-CoA reductase gene from an Israeli patient with chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA).

Molecular and MALDI-ToF MS differentiation and antifungal susceptibility of prevalent clinical Fusarium species in China.

Background: Fusarium species are emerging causative agents of superficial and disseminated human infections. Early diagnosis and treatment contribute to better prognosis of severe infection.

Objectives: To detect the effectiveness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) for Fusarium identification, and evaluate the susceptibility profiles to clinical available antifungals.

Cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infections: recent developments on host-fungus interactions.

The incidence of skin fungal infections is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, presenting a major challenge to health professionals. Cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infections are caused by pathogenic or opportunistic organisms varying from mold, yeasts, to dimorphic fungi. Recently, skin fungal have been increasingly reported and studied, giving rise to crucial breakthroughs in etiology and pathogenesis.

Molecular genotyping of Candida albicans isolated from different sites may trace the etiological infection routes: Observation in China.

Background: Invasive candidiasis is a growing concern worldwide, especially in immunocompromised patients, including ICU patients.

Objectives: As Candida albicans is the leading cause of candidaemia, it is important to investigate the evolution of C. albicans in patients with candidaemia.

Emergence of W272C Substitution in Hmg1 in a Triazole-Resistant Isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus from a Chinese Patient with Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Recently, mutations in the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene () have been identified to be associated with triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we describe the first case of the G929C mutation in the gene, leading to the W272C amino acid substitution, in a triazole-resistant isolate of A. fumigatus recovered from a chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis patient who failed voriconazole therapy in China.

Disseminated Cryptococcosis Presenting as Cellulitis Diagnosed by Laser Capture Microdissection: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Disseminated cryptococcosis primarily affects immunosuppressed patients and has a poor outcome if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Skin lesions are rarely manifest causing misdiagnosis. We present a case of cryptococcal cellulitis with severe pain in a kidney transplant recipient on long-term immunosuppressive therapy.

and Impairments in T Helper Cell and Neutrophil Responses against in Knockout Mice.

is a frequently found fungus in Asia, especially China, and it causes primary cutaneous mucormycosis with a high rate of disfigurement. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (Card9) is an essential adaptor molecule downstream of C-type lectin receptors. It mediates the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), regulates T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 differentiation, and plays an important role in fungal immune surveillance.

Application of laser capture microdissection and PCR sequencing in the diagnosis of spp. infection: A case report and literature review in China.

Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to California, Arizona, and Mexico. In recent years, the reported cases of coccidioidomycosis have increased in nonendemic regions. Here, we reported a case of imported pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a Chinese patient.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses identify heterogeneity of CD8 T cell subpopulations and novel therapy targets in melanoma.

CD8 T cells are crucial to establish antitumor immunity, and their high infiltration associates with favorable prognoses. However, several CD8 T cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment may play different roles in prognosis, progression, and immunotherapy. Here, we analyzed prior published single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) melanoma data to explore the heterogeneity of CD8 T cell subpopulations and identified 7 major subpopulations.

Chromoblastomycosis Caused by -Proven Cases from Mexico.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic severely mutilating disease caused by fungi of the order . Classically, has been listed among these etiologic agents. This species is known to occur in the environment and has been found to cause other infections like phaeohyphomycosis, while reported cases of chromoblastomycosis are scant.

Tinea Capitis by Microsporum canis in an Elderly Female with Extensive Dermatophyte Infection.

Tinea capitis is a type of dermatophyte infection primarily affecting children. We report a case of an elderly woman with well-controlled diabetes mellitus presenting with a six-month history of erythema with yellow crusts on her scalp and extensive erythematous patches with scales on the body skin. She adopted a stray cat before the disease onset.

Comparative genomics of opportunistic Phialophora species involved in divergent disease types.

Background: Black opportunists Phialophora verrucosa complex species can cause different disease types in competent and in immunocompromised individuals, but are remarkably overrepresented in CARD9-related infections.

Objectives: To better understand the ecology and potential pathogenicity of opportunistic Phialophora species and reveal eventual genetic parameters associated with the behaviour in vivo and genetic profiles in patients with CARD9 immunodeficiency.

Methods: Genomes of 26 strains belonging to six species of the Phialophora verrucosa complex were sequenced.

Regional Differences in Antifungal Susceptibility of the Prevalent Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum.

In vitro susceptibility testing for Trichophyton rubrum has shown resistance to terbinafine, azoles and amorolfine, locally, but epidemiological cutoffs are not available. In order to assess the appropriateness of current first-line antifungal treatment for T. rubrum in China, we characterized antifungal susceptibility patterns of Chinese T.

Invasive dermatophyte infection: A systematic review.

Dermatophyte infections usually present as various types of superficial cutaneous mycoses; on very rare occasions, dermatophytes enter deep into the dermis and cause invasive infections. In this study, we aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported invasive dermatophytosis cases over the past 20 years. We performed systematic searches in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science and identified 123 papers reporting 160 individual cases of invasive dermatophytosis between 2000 and 2020.