Airborne particulate matter inhalation bioaccessibility: A review of methodological aspects.

Research has consistently linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) with adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms by which PM leads to these effects on human health is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. One aspect of PM research that has gained increased attention in the past few years is the bioaccessibility of inhaled PM-bound pollutants that have potential to cause adverse health effects.

What influences the distribution of microplastics in the marine environment? An interdisciplinary study reveals key factors driving microplastic in the North Sea.

Microplastics (MP) are known to be ubiquitous. The pathways and fate of these contaminants in the marine environment are receiving increasing attention, but still knowledge gaps exist. In particular, the link between mass-based MP quantification and oceanographic parameters is often lacking.

Sustainable Skincare Innovation: Cork Powder Extracts as Active Ingredients for Skin Aging.

: An emerging practice within the concept of circular beauty involves the upcycling of agro-industrial by-products. Cork processing, for instance, yields by-products like cork powder, which presents an opportunity to create value-added cosmetic ingredients. Building upon our previous research, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of hydroalcoholic extracts derived from two distinct cork powders (P0 and P1), in this work, aqueous extracts were prepared and analyzed.

Isolation and Bioactivity of Natural Products from sp. MA37.

The isolation and characterization of bioactive metabolites from species continue to represent a vital area of research, given their potential in natural product drug discovery. In this study, we characterize a new siderophore called legonoxamine I, together with a known compound, streptimidone, from the talented soil bacterium sp. MA37, using chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic analysis.

Characterization and Otoprotective Effects of Polysaccharides from .

Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans, and a large number of cases are due to ear cell damage caused by ototoxic drugs including anticancer agents, such as cisplatin. The recent literature reported that hearing loss is promoted by an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cochlea cells, which causes oxidative stress. Recently, polysaccharides from the cyanobacterium showed many biological activities, including antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential use to combat hearing loss.

Two Small Peptides from Hydrolysates Exhibit Antitumor Activity Through Inhibition of TNF-α-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathways.

The scorpion Karsch is edible and has been an essential resource in traditional Chinese medicine for treating numerous diseases. In this study, two small peptides from hydrolysates were examined to elucidate their potential against gastric cancer. The small peptides (AK and GK) were identified using the LC-QTOF-MS-based approach.

Developing a Versatile Arsenal: Novel Antimicrobials as Offensive Tools Against Pathogenic Bacteria.

The pervasive and often indiscriminate use of antibiotics has accelerated the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, thus presenting an acute threat to global public health. Despite a growing acknowledgment of the severity of this crisis, the current suite of strategies to mitigate antimicrobial resistance remains markedly inadequate. This paper asserts the paramount need for the swift development of groundbreaking antimicrobial strategies and provides a comprehensive review of an array of innovative techniques currently under scrutiny.

Aquatic Invertebrate Antimicrobial Peptides in the Fight Against Aquaculture Pathogens.

The intensification of aquaculture has escalated disease outbreaks and overuse of antibiotics, driving the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a promising alternative due to their rapid, broad-spectrum activity, low AMR risk, and additional bioactivities, including immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antifouling properties. AMPs derived from aquatic invertebrates, particularly marine-derived, are well-suited for aquaculture, offering enhanced stability in high-salinity environments.

The Bile Acid Metabolism of Intestinal Microorganisms Mediates the Effect of Different Protein Sources on Muscle Protein Deposition in .

The most economically important trait of the is meat quality. Protein deposition is essential in muscle growth and nutritional quality formation. The effects and potential mechanisms of feed protein sources on crustaceans' muscle protein deposition have not been elucidated.

Comprehensive Analysis of the NHX Gene Family and Its Regulation Under Salt and Drought Stress in Quinoa ( Willd.).

: Abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought significantly constrain crop cultivation and affect productivity. Quinoa ( Willd.), a facultative halophyte, exhibits remarkable tolerance to drought and salinity stresses, making it a valued model for understanding stress adaptation mechanisms.

Blood Morphology and Hematology of Adult Baikal Seals ( Gmelin, 1788) Under Professional Care.

Studying the blood cell morphology of marine mammals provides an opportunity to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of adaptive changes associated with the aquatic habitat that occur at the cellular level, as well as adaptations to changing environmental conditions and under various physiological and pathological processes. The Baikal seal [ (family Phocidae)] is endemic to the freshwater Lake Baikal, but comprehensive hematology data are not available. We studied the morphological features of blood cells of twelve clinically normal, adult Baikal seals ( = 6 males, = 6 females) from two oceanariums under professional care for eight years.

Assessing Heat Resistance and Selecting Heat-Resistant Individuals of Largemouth Bass () with Tiered Thermal Exposure.

Largemouth bass (LMB, ), a commercially important farmed fish, is vulnerable to heat stress. Breeding heat-resistant LMB is highly desirable in the face of global warming. However, we still lack an efficient method to assess the heat resistance of LMB.

Identifications of Common Species and Descriptions of Two New Species of (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in China.

The genus G [...

Effects of Lysophospholipids on the Antioxidant Capacity, Digestive Performance, and Intestinal Microbiota of .

This study seeks to assess the impact of varying concentrations of lysophospholipids on the antioxidant capacity, digestive performance, and intestinal microbiota of . A total of 840 shrimp, with an average initial weight of 2.22 ± 0.

Perturbations in Microbial Communities at Hydrothermal Vents of Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy).

Marine hydrothermal ecosystems represent extreme environments connected to submarine volcanic areas characterized by vents, having high temperatures and particular chemical compositions. The hydrothermal marine system of Panarea, located in one of the seven small islands belonging to the Aeolian Archipelago (southern Tyrrhenian Sea), is characterized by a range of vents exhibiting diverse physical and chemical conditions. We aimed to analyze the microbial community of a peculiar hot spring belonging to the Panarea hydrothermal field, known as "Black Point" (BP), in two separate sampling expeditions (May and August).

Comparative Analysis of Prediction Models for Trawling Grounds of the Argentine Shortfin Squid in the Southwest Atlantic High Seas Based on Vessel Position and Fishing Log Data.

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of prediction models for Argentine squid trawling grounds in the Southwest Atlantic high seas based on vessel position and fishing log data, this study used AIS datasets and fishing log datasets from fishing seasons spanning 2019-2024 (December to June each year). Using a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.

Populations of the Invasive Mussel in China Showed Lower Genetic Diversity in Autumn than in Spring.

Native to tropical America, the charru mussel, , has been spreading rapidly in the West Pacific Ocean, including the South China Sea. In order to study the adaptive evolution of and examine the present status of invasion in China, the mitochondrial gene fragment was employed to analyze the genetic variations of seven populations sampled in both spring and autumn 2023. Results showed that all the populations had high haplotype diversity (>0.

Antarctic Toothfish in the South Orkney Islands: Using Otolith Chemistry to Test Current Hypotheses About Nursery Areas and Demographic Units.

We used otolith chemistry to test and complement current hypotheses regarding habitat use and connectivity between sub-populations in Area 48 of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Sagittal otoliths from 45 fish sampled near the South Orkney Islands were analysed. Their elemental (Li, Na, Mg, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and Ba relative to Ca) and isotopic (δO and δC) signatures were examined in both the nuclear and marginal regions, representing juvenile and adult stages.

Insights from the single-cell level: lineage trajectory and somatic-germline interactions during spermatogenesis in dwarf surfclam Mulinia lateralis.

Background: Spermatogenesis is a complex process of cellular differentiation that commences with the division of spermatogonia stem cells, ultimately resulting in the production of functional spermatozoa. However, a substantial gap remains in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and key driver genes that underpin this process, particularly in invertebrates. The dwarf surfclam (Mulinia lateralis) is considered an optimal bivalve model due to its relatively short generation time and ease of breeding in laboratory settings.

Proliferative and viability effects of two cyanophages on freshwater bloom-forming species Microcystis aeruginosa and Raphidiopsis raciborskii vary between strains.

Viruses that infect cyanobacteria are an integral part of aquatic food webs, influencing nutrient cycling and ecosystem health. However, the significance of virus host range, replication efficiency, and host compatibility on cyanobacterial dynamics, growth, and toxicity remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of cyanophage additions on the dynamics and activity of optimal, sub-optimal, and non-permissive cyanobacterial hosts in cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa and Raphidiopsis raciborskii.

Histological Characterization of γδ T Cells in Cutaneous Wound Healing in Fraser's dolphins (Lagenodelphis hosei).

Cetaceans exhibit remarkable wound healing capabilities. However, the specific immune mechanisms underlying this process, particularly the role of γδ T cells, remains largely unexplored. In ruminants, pigs, and camelids, which are members of the order Cetartiodactyla alongside cetaceans, γδ T cells express a unique receptor called workshop cluster 1 (WC1).

Type I interferon (IFNd) enhanced the innate immune response and lipid droplets (LDs) formation in obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus.

As one member of type I IFN, IFNd showed huge distinctive responses and activity during the viral or bacterial infection in various fish species. Our previous study identified IFNd from obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus (ToIFNd), and the function and regulation of ToIFNd was further investigated in the present study. The transcriptional levels of ToIFNd were significantly induced post bacteria Vibrio harveyi and virus simulator Poly (I:C) stimulation in the head kidney.

Construction of P450 scaffold biocatalysts for the biodegradation of five chloroanilines.

Chloroanilines represent a class of persistent and highly toxic environmental pollutants, posing significant challenges for green remediation strategies. While P450BM3 monooxygenases are renowned for their ability to catalyze the monooxidation of inert C-H bonds, costly NAD(P)H and complex electron transport systems required for P450BM3 catalysis limit their practical applications. This study pioneers the development of innovative artificial biocatalysts by strategically engineering the active site of P450BM3.

The ligninolytic catalytic network reveals the importance of auxiliary enzymes in lignin biocatalysts.

Lignin degradation by biocatalysts is a key strategy to develop a plant-based sustainable carbon economy and thus alleviate global climate change. This process involves synergy between ligninases and auxiliary enzymes. However, auxiliary enzymes within secretomes, which are composed of thousands of enzymes, remain enigmatic, although several ligninolytic enzymes have been well characterized.