Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Male and Female Patients of Different Age with Moderate COVID-19.

The study involved 271 patients (132 men and 139 women) with moderate COVID-19. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes was measured spectrophotometrically. In total group of patients (divided into age groups of 18-35, 36-45, 46-60, and 61-90 years), higher SOD activity was found in the 18-35 age group in comparison with the groups 46-60 years (p<0.

A Method for Evaluation of the Level of Circulating Mitochondrial DNA by ND1 and ND2 Genes.

The measurement of the level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the blood is a difficult problem due to high variability of mitochondrial genes, deletions in the mitochondrial genome in some pathological conditions, different sources of mtDNA into the bloodstream (mtDNA from tissues, from blood cells, etc.). We designed primers and TaqMan probes for highly conserved regions of the ND1 and ND2 genes outside the mitochondrial deletions "hot zones".

The Effect of Polymorphisms of Energy Metabolism Genes on Metabolic Disorders in Overweight Adolescents of Two Ethnicities.

The aim of this cross-sectional observational study is to determine the contribution of polymorphisms of energy metabolism genes into metabolic disorders in Russian and Buryat adolescents with overweight and obesity. The study included 354 Russian and Buryat adolescents aged 13-18 years. Body mass index and serum levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR was calculated.

[Features of the nutritional status and nutrition of children with autistic disorders].

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). According to the Ministry of Health of Russia, the incidence of ASD in children under 2 years of age is 5:10 000, at the age of 4 years - 18:10 000. ASD is a complex multisystem disease that affects metabolic and neurobiological processes.

Indicators of the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Protection System as Important Metabolic Markers of Reproductive Potential in Men.

We analyze results of recent studies demonstrating unfavorable state of the reproductive health in the male population that manifested not only in spermatogenesis deterioration, but also in oxidative stress (both systemic and in seminal fluid). The data on the effect of ROS and components of the antioxidant defense system on gamete quality in men with infertility associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus are presented. Some features of oxidative stress in men of reproductive age of various ethnic groups are shown.

Effect of Disinfectants with Different Active Ingredients on Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

We compared the effects of disinfectants on biofilms of 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different loci of patients with purulent-septic infections. Identification was carried out by standard bacteriological methods. To substantiate the prospects of using in hospitals and to assess the effect of disinfectants on P.

Serum Serotonin as a Biomarker of the Efficacy of PAP-Therapy in Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Serum serotonin levels were determined by HPLC in 30 patients with diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after 3-month course of PAP-therapy and in 14 subjects without obstructive sleep apnea symptoms. It was found that elimination of hypoxic conditions was associated with an increase in serotonin level. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of PAP-therapy during sleep and allow assessing the role of serotonin as a potential biomarker of intermittent hypoxia during sleep.

Content of Carbonyl Compounds and Parameters of Glutathione Metabolism in Men with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at Preclinical Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy.

The content of carbonyl compounds (methylglyoxal and TBA-reactive substances) and components of the glutathione system (activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes, content of oxidized and reduced glutathione) and their interrelationships were studied in men of young reproductive age with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the stages of normo- and microalbuminuria. In patients with normoalbuminuria, the level of methylglyoxal, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and glutathione reductase activity were increased and the content of TBA-reactive substances was decreased. In the group with microalbuminuria, an increase in content of methylglyoxal and activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes relative to the control values were observed; the content of TBA-reactive substances was increased and glutathione reductase activity was decreased relative to the group with normoalbuminuria.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine as an Oxidative Stress Marker in Insomnia.

We performed comparative analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in women in different climax stages with and without insomnia. The study involved 90 women aged 45 to 60 years divided into perimenopausal (n=30) and postmenopausal (n=60) groups. After questioning using special sleep questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire), the groups were divided into subgroups with insomnia and without it (control).

Oxidative Stress: Pathogenetic Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications and Therapeutic Approaches to Correction.

The review presents modern views about the role of oxidative stress reactions in the pathogenesis of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and their complications based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies. The sources of increased ROS generation in diabetes are specified, including the main pathways of altered glucose metabolism, oxidative damage to pancreatic β-cells, and endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and inflammation is described.

Free Radical Oxidation of Lipids as an Indicator of the Effectiveness of CPAP Therapy in Apnea Syndrome.

The processes of free radical lipid oxidation were studied in 47 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome before and after 1-month course of CPAP-therapy (continuous positive airway pressure). The control group consisted of 13 people without clinically confirmed apnea. The material for the study was serum, blood plasma, and erythrocyte hemolysate.

Effect of Melatonin on Expression of Apoptosis Regulator Proteins Bcl-2 and Bad in Ovarian Follicular Apparatus after High Temperature Exposure.

Expression of proapoptotic Bad and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in ovarian follicular apparatus of Wistar rats was evaluated on days 3, 7, and 14 after single experimental hyperthermia (EH) followed by therapeutic correction with subcutaneous melatonin (0.1 mg) dissolved in 0.2 ml physiological saline (PS) injected daily for 3 days.

Morphofunctional State of the Periodontal Tissues in Humans and Rats with Arterial Hypertension.

We performed comparative analysis of hemodynamic in the periodontal microcirculatory bed in adolescents with arterial hypertension (AH) and morphological changes in the periodontal tissues of in hypertensive ISIAH rats of comparable biological age. In the periodontal tissues of adolescents with hypertension, the blood flow velocity and index of peripheral resistance increased, while pulse pressure decreased. In ISIAH rats, the mean area of periodontal and pulp vessels increased and the area of the connective tissue decreased.

Composition and Structure of Gut Microbiome in Adolescents with Obesity and Different Breastfeeding Duration.

Gut microbiome of adolescents with obesity and different duration of breastfeeding was analyzed by metagenomic analysis of V3-V4 variable domains of the 16S rRNA gene. In subgroup with breastfeeding duration <3 months, intrapopulation structure of gut microbiome by alpha diversity indices was similar in adolescents with obesity and normal body weight. The decrease in phylotype abundance in the structure of communities was associated only with obesity, while dysbiotic state persisted in both lean and overweight adolescents, which confirmed the effect of breastfeeding duration on stability of gut microbiome.

Changes in the Periodontium and Pulp in ISIAH Rats Caused by Stress Exposures in Different Modes.

It was shown that the intensity of morphological changes in the dental system tissues (periodontium and pulp) of ISIAH rats depends on the mode of stress exposure. Acute stress was associated with a significant increase in the area of periodontal and pulp vessels, a decrease in the area of connective tissue of these components, and an increase in the thickness of the vascular endothelium. Chronic stress in these animals induced an increase in the thickness of the endothelial layer of the periodontal and pulp vessels, fibromatosis (increase in the number of fibroblasts), and a sharp decrease in the level of odontoblasts.

Cytokine Profiling of Subclinical Tick-Borne Infections in Humans.

Over many years, tick-borne infections remain one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide. The immune response to these infections in a human after confirmed bite by an infected carrier at the early stages of infection in the absence of clinical symptoms can be the first indicator of the presence of the infectious agent in the body. During viral infection, the concentration of IL-1α, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFNγ increases; superoxide dismutase also increases, in contrast to bacterial infections.

Comparison of Reactivity of the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System in Normal and Hypertensive Rats at Different Stages of Stress-Reaction.

We compared changes in the parameters of LPO-antioxidant defense system at various stages of the stress response in mature male ISIAH rats (hereditary stress-induced arterial hypertension) and WAG rats in 3 h (stage of anxiety) and 7 days (resistance stage) after a 3-h single immobilization in the supine position. It was found that post-stress reactivity of the nonspecific stress-limiting LPO system is different in normotensive and hypertensive rats. ISIAH rats, irrespective of the stage of the stress-reaction, demonstrated more intense LPO reactions (accumulation of TBA-reactive products) and reduced antioxidant defense parameters (low content of lipid-soluble vitamins, increased oxidized glutathione content) in comparison with the corresponding parameters in WAG rats.

Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System Depending on the Stage of Stress Reaction in Hypertensive ISIAH Rats.

The stages of stress reaction (anxiety and resistance) were reproduced on the model of stresssensitive hypertensive ISIAH rats. Analysis of the experimental data showed an increase in activity of the antioxidant defense system in ISIAH rats: total antioxidant activity of the blood and superoxide dismutase activity increased at the stage of anxiety and then decreased during the resistance stage.

Prognostic Risk Models for the Development of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Adolescents with Essential Hypertension.

We present prognostic risk models for structural and functional cardiovascular disorders in Caucasian adolescents (Russians) with essential hypertension aged 14-17 years (15.92±1.12) taking into account biochemical (catecholamines and cortisol) and genetic parameters (carriage of polymorphic variants of α2A-adrenergic receptor gene ARA2A (-1291С>G), norepinephrine transporter NET (-1287G>A), and D2-dopamine receptor DRD2 (-141C Ins/Del) and the data of psychological testing.

Expression of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in the Ovarian Follicular Apparatus in the Acute Period after Experimental Hyperthermia.

The expression of apoptosis regulators (proapoptotic protein Bad and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2) was analyzed and Bcl-2/Bad ratio in the follicular apparatus of the rat ovary was determined on day 3 after hyperthermia (rectal temperature 43.5°C). Hyperthermia in the catabolic phase leads to different degrees of activation of the molecular "switches" of apoptosis in cells of ovarian follicular epithelium.

Redox status as a metabolic stage, integrating emotional pattern and blood pressure in adolescents.

Investigation of emotional sphere and LPO processes in adolescents of both sexes aged 14-17 years suffering from essential hypertension revealed pronounced changes in the emotional status associated with dysregulation in the LPO-antioxidant protection system. The emotional sphere in adolescents with hypertension was characterized by increased anxiety in combination with emotional lability, tendency to depression, and aggressive reactions. The most meaningful parameters describing significant differences between the groups of healthy and hypertensive patients in parameters of LPO-antioxidant protection system were fatty acids with double bonds, antioxidant activity, and retinol.