Development of starch/chitosan expandable films as a gastroretentive carrier for ginger extract-loaded solid dispersion.

Gastroretentive expandable films were developed to provide controlled release of ginger extract (GE) for treatment of gastric diseases. The dosage form consisted of ginger extract solid dispersion (GE-SD) loaded in a starch/chitosan composite film, which was subsequently folded and inserted into a hard gelatin capsule. GE-SD was prepared by solvent evaporation using an optimum weight ratio of 1:1 for GE and PVP K30.

ZnO nanoparticles supported on dendritic fibrous nanosilica as efficient catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1,3)-diones.

The transmutation of waste into valuable materials has a special place in green chemistry. Herein, we report the preparation of quinazoline-2,4(1,3)-diones from 2-iodoaniline, isocyanides, and carbon dioxide in the presence of ZnO NPs stably placed on the surface of dendritic fibrous nanosilica by cellulose (DFNS/cellulose-ZnO) as a catalyst. This is a great economic strategy to create three bonds in a one-pot multicomponent reaction step employing functional groups.

Physically crosslinked PVA/graphene-based materials/aloe vera hydrogel with antibacterial activity.

Burn is a major skin injury that occurs worldwide. For second-degree burns, special treatment should be given for creating a suitable wound healing environment. Hydrogel wound dressing as the primary care should possess extra properties that include antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility to enhance the treatment effectiveness.

Production and characterization of cost-effective magnetic pine bark biochar and its application to remove tetracycline from water.

Low-cost adsorbent, pine bark biochar (PBB) from the forest residue, was produced and applied to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution via adsorption pathway. The PBB, hence obtained, was modified using aqueous ferric and ferrous ion solutions to obtain magnetic pine bark biochar (M-PBB). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the adsorption of TC by PBB and M-PBB in the variation of pH, contact time, dosage, and temperature.

Comparing resistome profiles from anthropogenically impacted and non-impacted areas of two South Shetland Islands - Maritime Antarctica.

Whalers Bay, in Deception Island, has one of the most anthropogenically impacted areas in Maritime Antarctica. However, considering the volcanic nature (high concentrations of heavy metals) of Deception Island's soils, this putative anthropogenic impact should be carefully investigated. In this context, the objective of this study was to compare resistome profiles of impacted and non-impacted areas in Deception Island (Whalers Bay, Crater Lake, and Fumarole Bay) and Livingston Island (Hannah Point) in order to investigate the microbiome tolerance/resistance mechanisms selected as a function of environmental drivers.

The dynamics of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Bogor and surrounding areas reflect variant shifting during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Indonesia.

Background: Indonesia is one of the Southeast Asian countries with high case numbers of COVID-19 with up to 4.2 million confirmed cases by 29 October 2021. Understanding the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for delivering public health intervention as certain variants may have different attributes that can potentially affect their transmissibility, as well as the performance of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.

Glycyrrhetinic acid nanoparticles combined with ferrotherapy for improved cancer immunotherapy.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat both solid and hematological malignancies. Despite the considerable therapeutic effects obtained in pre-clinical and clinical studies, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is still limited by the low benefit rates and a large number of patients still do not respond to this treatment. In this study, we developed a highly efficient and cancer-specific immunogenic cell death nanoinducer for effective tumor immunotherapy.

Scopoletin: a review of its source, biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and pharmacological activities.

Scopoletin, also known as 6-methoxy-7 hydroxycoumarin, is one of the naturally occurring coumarin commonly found in many edible plants and plays an important role in human health. Despite the various potential pharmacological properties, the biosynthesis process, method of extraction, and mechanism of action on this compound have not been documented well. In this current review, the biosynthesis pathway, distribution of scopoletin in the plant kingdom, and extraction techniques are elaborated.

Enhancement of the Mechanical, Self-Healing and Pollutant Adsorption Properties of Mortar Reinforced with Empty Fruit Bunches and Shell Chars of Oil Palm.

This study aims to produce mortar through the addition of oil palm shells (OPS)-activated charcoal and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) hydrochar, which has high mechanical properties, self-healing crack capabilities, and pollutant adsorption abilities. The cracking of mortar and other cementitious materials is essential in anticipating and reducing building damages and ages due to various reasons, such as chemical reactions, foundation movements, climatic changes, and environmental stresses. This leads to the creation of self-healing mortar, which is produced by adding reductive crack size materials to form calcium carbonate (CaCO) and silicate hydrate (3CaO.

Limonoids from the fruits of (Meliaceae).

Two new azadirone-type limonoids, namely lasiocarpine A () and lasiocarpine B () were isolated from the fruit of along with three known limonoids (-). UV, IR, one- and two- dimensional NMR, and mass spectrometry were used to determine the chemical structure of the isolated compounds. Furthermore, their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was evaluated using PrestoBlue reagent.

Glutathione-Bioimprinted Nanoparticles Targeting of N6-methyladenosine FTO Demethylase as a Strategy against Leukemic Stem Cells.

The N6-methyladenosine (m A) demethylase FTO plays an oncogenic role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite the promising recent progress for developing some small-molecule FTO inhibitors, the clinical potential remains limited due to mild biological function, toxic side effects and low sensitivity and/or specificity to leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Herein, FTO inhibitor-loaded GSH-bioimprinted nanocomposites (GNPIPP12MA) are developed that achieves targeting of the FTO/m A pathway synergized GSH depletion for enhancing anti-leukemogenesis.

Potential of Usnic Acid Compound from Lichen Genus Usnea sp. as Antidiabetic Agents.

Lichen Usnea sp. is potential as a new natural medicine. This study report isolation of secondary metabolites from lichen Usnea sp.

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensor Decorated on a Polyether Ester Urethane Substrate by a Low Hydrothermal Process.

We report a highly stretchable sensor with low-concentration (1.5 wt %) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on flexible polyether ester urethane (PEEU) yarn, fabricated using a low hydrothermal process at 90 °C. Although SWCNTs restrict the PEEU polymer chain mobility, the resulting ductility of our nanocomposites reduces only by 16.

Olive oil-based quercetin nanoemulsion (QuNE)'s interactions with human serum proteins (HSA and HTF) and its anticancer activity.

The current study produced Quercetin nanoemulsions (QuNEs) for the purpose of improving Quercetin solubility in an aqueous polar condition and to analyze QuNE-protein formation (QuNE-human serum albumin (HSA) and QuNE-holo-transferrin (HTF)).QuNE was produced by utilizing an ultrasound-based emulsification method and was characterized by DLS, TEM, and SEM. Its interaction with HSA and HTF proteins was studied by analyzing the results of FRET and RLS spectroscopy, Stern-Volmer plotting, the Van't Hoff equation, CD spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods.

Mutagenicity of Wood Extracts and Their Ability to Improve Carbohydrate Yield for Kraft Cooking Eucalyptus Wood.

Considering the toxicity of the impurities of synthesized anthraquinone, this study clarified new catalytic compounds for kraft cooking with improved carbohydrate yield and delignification and less mutagenicity, which are important for ensuring the safety of paper products in contact with food. The 2-methylanthraquinone contents of teak () woods were 0.18-0.

Silver Nanoparticles Coupled with Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Rhodamine B Detection in Food Products.

A rapid, simple, and sensitive voltammetric sensor has been fabricated to determine Rhodamine B (RhB), a textile coloring agent. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by the chemical reduction method of silver nitrate and sodium citrate. Graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) and AgNPs were drop-casted on the surface of a working electrode of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), forming the SPCE-GPLs/AgNPs samples.

An experimental design approach for the optimization of scopoletin extraction from Morinda citrifolia L. using accelerated solvent extraction.

Scopoletin is regarded as a major constituent of noni (Morinda citrifolia L), which contributes to the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective properties in noni. It is also suggested as a marker for identification and quality control of noni and its derivative products. With the increasing interest in noni due to its health benefits and therapeutic effects, it is important to establish a reliable extraction and analysis method to determine scopoletin content in noni samples.

COX Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Naphthoketal-Bearing Polyketides from .

Axenic fermentation on solid rice of the saprobic fungus afforded two new highly oxidized naphthalenoid polyketide derivatives, sparticatechol A () and sparticolin H () along with sparticolin A (). The structures of and were elucidated on the basis of their NMR and HR-ESIMS spectroscopic data. Assignment of absolute configurations was performed using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations.

New Insights into Controlling Homoacetogenesis in the Co-digestion of Coffee Waste: Effect of Operational Conditions and Characterization of Microbial Communities.

In this research batch reactors were operated with coffee processing waste and autochthonous microbial consortium, and a taxonomic and functional analysis was performed for phase I of stabilization of maximum H production and for phase II of maximum H consumption. During phase I, the reactor's operating conditions were pH 4.84 to 8.

Antidiabetic Properties of Dietary Chrysin: A Cellular Mechanism Review.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic metabolic disorder and is considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The improperly-treated chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes has been related to several long-term complications and multiple organ failures, including nephropathy, which can lead to kidney failure, retinopathy with the potential loss of vision, and cardiovascular symptoms. Current commercially available synthetic glucose-lowering agents have been reported to have several adverse effects.

Gold Nanorods Exhibit Intrinsic Therapeutic Activity via Controlling 6-Methyladenosine-Based Epitranscriptomics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Reprograming the 6-methyladenosine (mA) landscape is a promising therapeutic strategy against recalcitrant leukemia. In this study, we synthesized gold nanorods (GNRs) of different aspect ratios using a binary surfactant mixture of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium oleate. Following surface functionalization with chitosan and a 12-mer peptide, GNRa-CSP12 measuring 130 × 21 nm was selectively taken up by leukemia cells via targeted endocytosis.

Investigation of Yacon Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Using Metabolomics and In Silico Approach.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Robinson) leaves is traditionally consumed as herbal tea in many countries including Indonesia.

Effectiveness of Green Chemical Solvent-based on Triethylammonium Methanesulfonate Ion Liquid for the OPEFB Pretreatment Process.

Many studies have explored the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass based on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) which is categorized as potential biomass waste for bioethanol production. Before proceeding further to obtain bioethanol, several steps such as pretreatment to increase organic constituents are needed. The ionic liquids (ILs) were commonly investigated by many researchers for lignocellulosic pretreatment because it is easy solubilization property, non-toxic, and not harmful impacts on the environment.

Recent advancements in cellulose-based biomaterials for management of infected wounds.

Introduction: Chronic wounds are a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Their treatment requires advanced dressings, which can provide a moist wound environment, prevent bacterial infiltration, and act as a drug carrier. Cellulose is biocompatible, biodegradable, and can be functionalized according to specific requirements, which makes it a highly versatile biomaterial.

Investigation of HIV-1 Viral Protein R Inhibitory Activities of Twelve Thai Medicinal Plants and Their Commercially Available Major Constituents.

Viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein in Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and has been suggested as an attractive target for HIV disease treatment. Investigations of the ethanolic extracts of twelve Thai herbs revealed that the extracts of the Punica granatum fruits, the Centella asiatica aerials, the Citrus hystrix fruit peels, the Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods, the Piper betel leaves, the Alpinia galangal rhizomes, the Senna tora seeds, the Zingiber cassumunar rhizomes, the Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves, and the Plumbago indica roots exhibited the anti-Vpr activity in HeLa cells harboring the TREx plasmid encoding full-length Vpr (TREx-HeLa-Vpr cells). Moreover, the investigation of the selected main constituents in Punica granatum, Centella asiatica, A.