sp. nov., a crude oil aggregation-forming anaerobic bacterium isolated from marine sediment.

A crude oil aggregation-forming, strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile and mesophilic bacterium, named strain SH18-2, was isolated from marine sediment near Sado Island in the Sea of Japan. The temperature, salinity and pH ranges of this strain for the growth were 15-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), 0.5-6.

Bacterial components-driven intrahepatic CXCR5 B cells are important population for MASH progression through inducing inflammation.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by severe liver inflammation and fibrosis due to an imbalanced immune response caused by enhanced bacterial components. The progression of MASH is closely linked to increased permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier facilitating enter of bacterial components into hepatic portal venous system. B cells are important immune cells for adaptive responses and enhance hepatic inflammation through cytokine production and T cell activation.

Navigating the landscape of plant proteomics.

In plants, proteins are fundamental to virtually all biological processes, such as photosynthesis, signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and stress responses. Studying protein distribution, function, modifications, and interactions at the cellular and tissue levels is critical for unraveling the complexities of these biological pathways. Protein abundance and localization are highly dynamic and vary widely across the proteome, presenting a challenge for global protein quantification and analysis.

Chemical proteomic profiling reveals prostaglandin termination enzyme PTGR2 as a key molecular target of natural coumarin fraxetin.

Natural coumarins represent a diverse group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. However, their specific molecular targets have remained largely unexplored. Employing chemical proteomics, a comprehensive analysis of the protein targets of the natural coumarin fraxetin has been conducted.

Therapeutic Advantages of Nanoparticle-Impregnated Lysozyme Conjugates toward Amyloid-β Fibrillation and Antimicrobial Activity.

The interaction of protein with nanoparticles (NPs) of varying shape and/or size boosts our understanding on their bioreactivity and establishes a comprehensive database for use in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutic applications. The present study explores the interaction between lysozyme (LYZ) and different NPs like graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) having various shapes (spherical, 's', and rod-shaped, 'r') and sizes, focusing on their binding dynamics and subsequent effects on both the protein fibrillation and antimicrobial properties. Typically, GO is considered a promising medium due to its apparent inhibition and prolonged lag phase for LYZ fibrillation.

Estimating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 Spike-Directed Functional Antibody Levels From an Anti-Receptor Binding Domain Wuhan-Hu-1-Based Commercial Immunoassay Results.

We investigated whether antibody concentrations measured in plasma using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (targeting the receptor binding domain, RBD) could estimate levels of Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron XBB.1.5 spike-directed antibodies with neutralizing ability (NtAb) or those mediating NK-cell activity.

Semirational Protein Engineering of a Decarboxylative Aldolase for Regiodivergent and Stereodivergent Synthesis of Cyclic Imino Acids.

Aldolases are powerful C-C bond-forming enzymes for asymmetric organic synthesis because of their supreme stereoselectivity, diverse electrophiles and nucleophiles, and promising scalability. Stereodivergent engineering of aldolases to tune the selectivity for the synthesis of stereoisomers of chiral molecules is highly desirable but has rarely been reported. This study documented the semirational engineering of the decarboxylative aldolase UstD with the focused rational iterative site-specific mutagenesis (FRISM) strategy to perform a C-C bond-forming reaction with dione electrophiles.

Cardiovascular diseases, prevention and management of complications in older adults and frail patients treated for elective or post-traumatic hip orthopaedic interventions.

Due to the aging population, focusing on healthy aging has become a global priority. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and frailty, characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse stress and health events, interact synergistically in advanced age. In older adults, hip fractures are a frequent dramatic "life-transition" event.

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Introduction-Aim: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication in cirrhotic patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological and bacteriological profile of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, as well as antibiotic resistance among hospitalized patients at CHU Mohammed VI, in order to guide empirical antibiotic choices for better management. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted over a period of 12 months, from January to December 2023, focusing on all requests for bacteriological examination of ascitic fluid samples.

The role of multi-modality imaging for the assessment of left atrium and left atrial appendage. A clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Structural, architectural, contractile or electrophysiological alterations may occur in the left atrium (LA). The concept of LA cardiopathy is supported by accumulating scientific evidence demonstrating that LA remodeling has become a cornerstone diagnostic and prognostic marker. The structure and the function of LA and left atrial appendage (LAA) which is an integral part of the LA, are key elements for a better understanding of multiple clinical conditions, most notably atrial fibrillation (AF), cardioembolism, heart failure and mitral valve diseases.

Effect of Fibrates on Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 Mass and Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials.

Background: In vascular tissue, macrophages and inflammatory cells produce the enzyme lipoprotein- associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Treatment with fibrates decreases Lp-PLA2 levels in individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, these findings have not been fully clarified.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the possible effects of fibrate therapy on Lp-PLA2 mass and activity through a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Unlocking Platelet Mechanisms through Multi-Omics Integration: A Brief Review.

Platelets, tiny cell fragments measuring 2-4 μm in diameter without a nucleus, play a crucial role in blood clotting and maintaining vascular integrity. Abnormalities in platelets, whether genetic or acquired, are linked to bleeding disorders, increased risk of blood clots, and cardiovascular diseases. Advanced proteomic techniques offer profound insights into the roles of platelets in hemostasis and their involvement in processes such as inflammation, metastasis, and thrombosis.

Next-Generation Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Silver Nanoparticle-Enhanced 3D-Printed Multiplex Electrochemical Biosensor for Detecting Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses.

In recent years, the increasing prevalence of viral infections such as dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) has emphasized the vital need for new diagnostic techniques that are not only quick and inexpensive but also suitable for point-of-care and home usage. Existing diagnostic procedures, while useful, sometimes have limits in terms of speed, mobility, and price, particularly in resource-constrained environments and during epidemics. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel technique that combines 3D printing technology with electrochemical biosensors to provide a highly sensitive, user-friendly, and customizable diagnostic platform.

Pressure Sensor Array Based on Four DNA-Nanoenzymes with Catalase-like Activity for Portable Multiple Detection of Foodborne Pathogens.

This study has developed a pressure sensor array based on four functionalized DNA-nanoenzymes with catalase-like activity for multiple detections of foodborne pathogens through a portable pressure manometer. Benefiting from functionalization of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid and β-mercaptoethylamine, the diversity of nonspecific interactions between four DNA-nanoenzymes and each of the nine bacteria leads to differences in pressure response patterns by catalyzing HO to generate exclusive "fingerprints". As effective statistical tools for processing multivariate data, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis are employed to identify nine foodborne pathogens by analyzing pressure response patterns.

Utilizing deep learning to predict Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with optical coherence tomography.

Introduction: Diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains limited. We aimed to develop a deep-learning algorithm using OCT to detect AD and MCI.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving 228 Asian participants (173 cases/55 controls) for model development and testing on 68 Asian (52 cases/16 controls) and 85 White (39 cases/46 controls) participants.

CD137 agonism enhances anti-PD1 induced activation of expanded CD8 T cell clones in a neoadjuvant pancreatic cancer clinical trial.

Successful pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immunotherapy requires therapeutic combinations that induce quality T cells. Tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis following therapeutic interventions can identify response mechanisms, informing design of effective combinations. We provide a reference single-cell dataset from tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) from a human neoadjuvant clinical trial comparing the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting allogeneic PDAC vaccine GVAX alone, in combination with anti-PD1 or with both anti-PD1 and CD137 agonist.

Semi-rational design of an aromatic dioxygenase by substrate tunnel redirection.

Lignin valorization is crucial for achieving economic and sustainable biorefinery processes. However, the enzyme substrate preferences involved in lignin degradation remain poorly understood, and low activity toward specific substrates presents a significant challenge to the efficient utilization of lignin. In this study, we investigated the substrate promiscuity of Ado, a key enzyme involved in lignin valorization.

An antisense-long-noncoding-RNA modulates p75 expression levels during neuronal polarization.

Proper polarization of newly generated neurons is a critical process for neural network formation and brain development. The pan-neurotrophin p75 receptor plays a key role in this process localizing asymmetrically in one of the differentiating neurites and specifying its axonal identity in response to neurotrophins. During axonal specification, p75 levels are transiently modulated, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not known.

The adhesion mechanism of mucoadhesive tablets with dissimilar chain flexibility on viscoelastic hydrogels.

Mucosal membranes with strong variability in their viscoelastic properties line numerous organs and are often targeted by mucoadhesive formulations, e.g., highly swellable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and slightly cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) tablets.

Molecular dynamics of photosynthetic electron flow in a biophotovoltaic system.

Biophotovoltaics (BPV) represents an innovative biohybrid technology that couples electrochemistry with oxygenic photosynthetic microbes to harness solar energy and convert it into electricity. Central to BPV systems is the ability of microbes to perform extracellular electron transfer (EET), utilizing an anode as an external electron sink. This process simultaneously serves as an electron sink and enhances the efficiency of water photolysis compared to conventional electrochemical water splitting.

NIR-II photo-accelerated polymer nanoparticles boost tumor immunotherapy via PD-L1 silencing and immunogenic cell death.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a widely favored anti-tumor treatment, but it shows limited response to non-immunogenic "cold" tumors and suffers from drug resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a powerful localized treatment approach, can convert a "cold tumor" into a "hot tumor" by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, thereby enhancing tumor immunogenicity and promoting tumor immunotherapy. However, the effectiveness of PDT is largely hindered by the limited penetration depth into tumor tissues.

Long-term monitoring data on (Newman, 1838) (Coleoptera, Rutelidae) across the Azorean Islands.

Background: The Japanese Beetle, Newman, 1838 (Coleoptera, Rutelidae), is a univoltine agricultural pest that poses a serious threat to various agricultural crops. For more than 16 years, the Azorean official authorities have implemented a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) programme that is crucial for understanding the dynamics of insect pests, such as the Japanese Beetle, and their impacts on agricultural ecosystems. The significance of this long-term monitoring extends beyond understanding the pest's life cycle.

How resistant is anammox biofilm against antibiotics: A special insight into anammox response towards fluoroquinolones.

Elevated concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the water bodies are posing a serious threat to the aquatic microbiota and other organisms. In this context, anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria carry a great potential to degrade PhACs through their innate metabolic pathways. This study investigates the influence of short-term exposure to lower and higher concentrations (0.

Expanding the Chemical Space of Reverse Fosmidomycin Analogs.

Multidrug-resistant pathogens pose a major threat to human health, necessitating the identification of new drug targets and lead compounds that are not susceptible to cross-resistance. This study demonstrates that novel reverse thia analogs of the phosphonohydroxamic acid antibiotic fosmidomycin inhibit 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), an essential enzyme for , , and that is absent in humans. Some novel analogs with large α-phenyl substituents exhibited strong inhibition across these three DXR orthologues, surpassing the inhibitory activity of fosmidomycin.

Asymmetric Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Biologic Evaluation of Isomers of TLAM as PFK1 Inhibitors.

Inhibiting phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) is a promising approach for treating lactic acidosis and mitochondrial dysfunction by activating oxidative phosphorylation. Tryptolinamide (TLAM) has been shown as a PFK1 inhibitor, but its complex stereochemistry, with 16 possible isomers complicates further development. We conducted an asymmetric synthesis, determined the absolute configurations, and evaluated the PFK1 inhibitory activity of the TLAM isomers.