Rectotumoral fistula formation occurring more than 5 years after carbon ion radiotherapy for sacral chordoma: A case report.

Chordoma is a rare tumor that originates from the notochord. Half of chordomas involve the sacral region. Surgery is considered to be the standard treatment for sacral chordoma.

Carbon ion radiotherapy for inoperable pediatric osteosarcoma.

Background: Unresectable pediatric osteosarcoma has poor outcomes with conventional treatments.

Results: Twenty-six patients aged 11-20 years (median 16) had inoperable osteosarcoma of the trunk (24 pelvic, 1 mediastinal and 1 paravertebral) without any other lesion at initial examination. There were 22 primary, 1 locally recurrent and 3 metastatic cases.

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Vertebral Compression Fracture after Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Primary Spinal and Paraspinal Sarcoma.

Background And Purpose: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) was effective therapy for inoperable spinal and paraspinal sarcomas. However, a significant adverse event following radiotherapies is vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). In this study, we investigated the incidence of and risk factors for post-C-ion RT VCFs in patients with spinal or paraspinal sarcomas.

Best practices for the management of local-regional recurrent chordoma: a position paper by the Chordoma Global Consensus Group.

Chordomas are rare, malignant bone tumors of the skull-base and axial skeleton. Until recently, there was no consensus among experts regarding appropriate clinical management of chordoma, resulting in inconsistent care and suboptimal outcomes for many patients. To address this shortcoming, the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the Chordoma Foundation, the global chordoma patient advocacy group, convened a multi-disciplinary group of chordoma specialists to define by consensus evidence-based best practices for the optimal approach to chordoma.

Sequential histological findings and clinical response after carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable sarcoma.

Background And Purpose: The efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for bone and soft tissue sarcoma has been reported recently. Although histological assessment after CIRT requires skilled interpretation, little information is presently available. In this study, we report sequential histological findings after treatment with CIRT, and evaluate the association between these findings and clinical response.

Late sacral recurrence of rectal cancer treated by heavy ion radiotherapy: a case report.

Background: The need for surveillance of rare late recurrence of rectal cancer has not yet been established. Local control of unresectable skeletal metastasis is important for palliation of symptoms and support for systemic chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A Japanese man underwent preoperative pelvic irradiation (50.

Normal lactate concentration range in the neonatal brain.

Objective: Lactate peaks are occasionally observed during in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans of the neonatal brain, even in healthy patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of neonatal brain lactate concentration, as a definitive normal range would be clinically valuable.

Methods: Using a clinical 3T scanner (echo/repetition times, 30/5000ms), single-voxel MRS data were obtained from the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) in 48 healthy neonates (postconceptional age (PCA), 30-43weeks), nine infants (age, 1-12months old), and 20 children (age, 4-15years).

Carbon-ion pencil beam scanning for thoracic treatment - initiation report and dose metrics evaluation.

Carbon-ion beam scanning has not previously been used for moving tumor treatments. We have commenced respiratory-gated carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in the thoracic and abdominal regions under free-breathing conditions as a clinical trial. This study aimed to investigate this treatment in the lungs in comparison with passive scattering CIRT.

Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Recurrence of Rectal Cancer.

Purpose: Investigation of the treatment potential of carbon-ion radiation therapy in pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer.

Methods And Materials: A phase 1/2 dose escalation study was performed. One hundred eighty patients (186 lesions) with locally recurrent rectal cancer were treated with carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) (phase 1/2: 37 and 143 patients, respectively).

Significant impact of biochemical recurrence on overall mortality in patients with high-risk prostate cancer after carbon-ion radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy.

Background: Whether biochemical recurrence (BR) is a significant predictive factor of mortality after definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relation between BR and overall mortality (OAM) in high-risk prostate cancer patients who were treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and had long-term follow-up in 2 prospective trials.

Methods: In the 2 phase 2 clinical trials, which involved 466 prostate cancer patients who received 63.

The Initial Case Report: Salvage Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy After Heavy Ion Radiotherapy.

Salvage radical prostatectomy is one of treatments after radiation therapy to patients with prostate cancer. To date, no case of the salvage robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) following heavy ion radiotherapy (HIRT) has been published. We report on a 70-year-old man with a history of HIRT for prostate cancer in 2011.

Carbon Ion Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Sacral Chordoma: An Analysis of 188 Cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of carbon ion radiation therapy administered to 188 patients with unresectable primary sacral chordomas.

Patients And Methods: One hundred eighty-eight patients were treated with carbon ion radiation therapy at a single institute between 1996 and 2013 and retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 66 years.

Particle Radiation Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Particle irradiation of cancerous disease has gained great traction in recent years. The ability for particle therapy centers to deliver radiation with a highly conformal dose distribution while maintaining minimal exit or excess dose delivered to normal tissue, coupled with various biological advantages particularly found with heavy-ion beams, enables treatment of diseases inapproachable with conventional radiotherapy. Here, we present a review of the current status of particle therapy with regard to cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, including esophagus, liver, pancreas, and recurrent rectal cancer.

Single-Fraction Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy for Patients 80 Years of Age and Older With Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: In an aging society, many senior citizens want less invasive treatment because of potential medical complications. The National Institute of Radiological Sciences has started to treat stage I lung cancer with single-fraction carbon-ion radiation therapy (CIRT) as a dose escalation prospective phase 1/2 trial. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CIRT for patients 80 years of age and older, undergoing single-fraction CIRT.

Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Morbidities and Change in Health-related Quality of Life.

Aim: To prospectively evaluate the feasibility of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for prostate cancer using a new compact-sized accelerator.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-six patients underwent C-ion RT at our center using a recommended dose fractionation of 57.6 GyE in 16 fractions established at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences.

Carbon ion beam combined with cisplatin effectively disrupts triple negative breast cancer stem-like cells in vitro.

Aims: Although a relatively small proportion of all breast cancer (BC), triple negative (TN) BC is responsible for a relatively large proportion of BC deaths because of its worse clinical outcome. To investigate whether a carbon ion beam alone or in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) has a beneficial effect compared to X-rays, we target triple negative (TN) breast cancer stem-like cells (CSCs).

Methods: Human breast CSCs sorted from MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells were treated with a carbon ion beam or X-ray irradiation alone or in combination with CDDP, and then colony, spheroid and tumor formation assays, RT-PCR Array analysis, and immunofluorescence γH2AX foci assay were performed.

Carbon-Ion Irradiation Suppresses Migration and Invasiveness of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells MIAPaCa-2 via Rac1 and RhoA Degradation.

Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion by carbon (C)-ion irradiation.

Methods And Materials: Human pancreatic cancer cells MIAPaCa-2, AsPC-1, and BxPC-3 were treated by x-ray (4 Gy) or C-ion (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 Gy) irradiation, and their migration and invasion were assessed 2 days later.

One shot of carbon-ion radiotherapy cured a 6-cm chemo-resistant metastatic liver tumor: a case of breast cancer.

The standard treatment for metastatic liver tumor from breast cancer is systemic medical treatment, and there is controversy regarding the value of local treatment. However, there are some exceptional cases that do benefit from local therapy. We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman with systemic therapy-resistant liver metastasis from breast cancer successfully treated with a single shot of 36-GyE carbon-ion radiotherapy and surviving more than 8 years without local recurrence.

Modeling Combined Chemotherapy and Particle Therapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the only cancer for which deaths are predicted to increase in 2014 and beyond. Combined radiochemotherapy protocols using gemcitabine and hypofractionated X-rays are ongoing in several clinical trials. Recent results indicate that charged particle therapy substantially increases local control of resectable and unresectable pancreas cancer, as predicted from previous radiobiology studies considering the high tumor hypoxia.

Modified simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy for large retroperitoneal malignant tumor: A case report.

The current study reports the case of a large retroperitoneal tumor treated with modified simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) radiotherapy. A 45-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining of left abdominal pain and fever. A computed tomography scan detected a retroperitoneal tumor of 12×16×16 cm, and a biopsy revealed a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Combination of carbon ion beam and gemcitabine causes irreparable DNA damage and death of radioresistant pancreatic cancer stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo.

We try to elucidate whether a carbon ion beam alone or in combination with gemcitabine has advantages over X-ray in targeting putative pancreatic cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Colony, spheroid formation and tumorigenicity assays confirmed that CD44+/ESA+ cells sorted from PANC1 and PK45 cells have more CSC properties than CD44-/ESA- cells. The number of colonies and spheroids formed from CSCs after carbon ion beam irradiation was significantly reduced compared to after X-ray irradiation, and they were extremely highly suppressed when carbon ion beam combined with gemcitabine.

Carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally advanced primary or postoperative recurrent epithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

Purpose: To evaluate the applicability of carbon ion beams for the treatment of carcinoma of the lacrimal gland with regard to normal tissue morbidity and local tumor control.

Methods And Materials: Between April 2002 and January 2011, 21 patients with locally advanced primary epithelial carcinoma of the lacrimal gland were enrolled in a Phase I/II clinical trial of carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Acute radiation toxicity was the primary endpoint of this dose-escalation study and the late toxicity, local control, and overall survival were additionally evaluated as secondary endpoints.

A prospective nonrandomized phase I/II study of carbon ion radiotherapy in a favorable subset of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background: Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has become the standard approach for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), most patients are not candidates for this treatment because of comorbidities. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in LA-NSCLC patients.

Methods: Patients with stage IIA to IIIA (UICC 7th edition) LA-NSCLC were enrolled in a sequential phase I/II trial.

Carbon-ion scanning lung treatment planning with respiratory-gated phase-controlled rescanning: simulation study using 4-dimensional CT data.

Background: To moving lung tumors, we applied a respiratory-gated strategy to carbon-ion pencil beam scanning with multiple phase-controlled rescanning (PCR). In this simulation study, we quantitatively evaluated dose distributions based on 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) treatment planning.

Methods: Volumetric 4DCTs were acquired for 14 patients with lung tumors.