Technological Adjuncts to Streamline Patient Recruitment, Informed Consent, and Data Management Processes in Clinical Research: Observational Study.

Background: Patient recruitment and data management are laborious, resource-intensive aspects of clinical research that often dictate whether the successful completion of studies is possible. Technological advances present opportunities for streamlining these processes, thus improving completion rates for clinical research studies.

Objective: This paper aims to demonstrate how technological adjuncts can enhance clinical research processes via automation and digital integration.

Exploring Virtual Reality and Exercise Simulator Interventions in Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Comprehensive Literature Review.

Background: This review explores virtual reality (VR) and exercise simulator-based interventions for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Past research indicates that both VR and simulator-based interventions enhance cognitive functions, such as executive function and memory, though their impacts on attention vary.

Objective: This study aimed to contribute to the ongoing scientific discourse on integrating technology-driven interventions into the management and evaluation of ADHD.

Urgency Prediction for Medical Laboratory Tests Through Optimal Sparse Decision Tree: Case Study With Echocardiograms.

Background: In the contemporary realm of health care, laboratory tests stand as cornerstone components, driving the advancement of precision medicine. These tests offer intricate insights into a variety of medical conditions, thereby facilitating diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. However, the accessibility of certain tests is hindered by factors such as high costs, a shortage of specialized personnel, or geographic disparities, posing obstacles to achieving equitable health care.

Targeted insertion of heterogenous DNA using Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein-mediated gene editing in .

Gene editing is emerging as a powerful tool for introducing novel functionalities in mushrooms. While CRISPR/Cas9-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) typically rely on non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) for gene disruption, precise insertion of heterologous DNA in mushrooms is less explored. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of inserting donor DNAs (8-1008 bp) with or without homologous arms at Cas9-gRNA RNP-induced DSBs.

Impact of dairy calf management practices on the intestinal tract microbiome pre-weaning.

Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) consisting of the rumen and hindgut (the small intestine, cecum and colon) in dairy calves play a vital role in their growth and development. This review discusses the development of dairy calf intestinal microbiomes with an emphasis on the impact that husbandry and rearing management have on microbiome development, health and growth of pre-weaned dairy calves. The diversity and composition of the microbes that colonize the lower GIT (small and large intestine) can have a significant impact on the growth and development of the calf, through influence on nutrient metabolism, immune modulation, resistance or susceptibility to infection, production outputs and behaviour modification in adult life.

The Quantum Information Science Challenge for Chemistry.

We discuss the goals and the need for quantum information science (QIS) in chemistry. It is important to identify concretely how QIS matters to chemistry, and we articulate some of the most pressing and interesting research questions at the interface between chemistry and QIS, that is, "chemistry-centric" research questions relevant to QIS. We propose in what ways and in what new directions the field should innovate, in particular where a chemical perspective is essential.

Constructing well-dispersed active phase spontaneous redox for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia.

In this study, a distinctive multiple core-shell structure of Co nanoparticles inserted into N-doped carbon dodecahedron@Co hydroxide (Co/NCD@Co(OH)) was synthesized a spontaneous redox reaction between metallic Co and NO, ultimately materializing the fine dispersion and exposure of the active sites. The electronic interaction existing between the Co/NCD core and the Co(OH) shell brings a synergistic effect, conspicuously lessens the overpotential, and reinforces the yield-rate and faradaic efficiency of NH for electrochemical nitrate-ammonia conversion. This study underlines the spontaneous redox between the catalysts and substrate, rendering it as a synthetic strategy for designing genuine and well-dispersed active sites.

Nurses and allied professionals' engagement in clinical research-in-practice: a statement of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology.

Many nurses and allied professionals (NAPs) lack the skills, knowledge and confidence to engage in conducting and implementing research. This statement describes the importance of NAPs' involvement in clinical research within the context of cardiovascular care. The existing gaps, barriers and enablers to NAPs involvement in research as a potential response to workforce issues in these professions as well as to contribute to excellence in patient care delivery and associated outcomes are identified.

Metabolically stable apelin analogs: development and functional role in water balance and cardiovascular function.

Apelin, a (neuro) vasoactive peptide, plays a prominent role in controlling water balance and cardiovascular functions. Apelin and its receptor co-localize with vasopressin in magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons. Apelin receptors (Apelin-Rs) are also expressed in the collecting ducts of the kidney, where vasopressin type 2 receptors are also present.

How Do the Valency and Radii of Cations Affect the Rheological Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Zwitterionic and Anionic Surfactant Mixtures?

Despite extensive research on the use of salts to enhance micellar growth, numerous questions remain regarding the impact of ionic exchange and molecular structure on charge neutralization. This study looks into how certain cations (Na, Ca, and Mg) affect the structure of a cocamidopropyl betaine CAPB and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate SDBS surfactant mixture, aiming toward applications in targeted delivery systems. The mixture consists of a zwitterionic surfactant, cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), combined in varying molar ratios at a total concentration of 200 mM.

Default Bulk Ordering and Text Messaging to Enhance Outreach for Lipid Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: A comprehensive lipid panel is recommended by guidelines to evaluate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, but uptake is low.

Objective: To evaluate whether direct outreach including bulk orders with and without text messaging increases lipid screening rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Pragmatic randomized clinical trial conducted from June 6, 2023, to September 6, 2023, at 2 primary care practices at an academic health system among patients aged 20 to 75 years with at least 1 primary care visit in the past 3 years who were overdue for lipid screening.

Response Theory via Generative Score Modeling.

We introduce an approach for analyzing the responses of dynamical systems to external perturbations that combines score-based generative modeling with the generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The methodology enables accurate estimation of system responses, including those with non-Gaussian statistics. We numerically validate our approach using time-series data from three different stochastic partial differential equations of increasing complexity: an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with spatially correlated noise, a modified stochastic Allen-Cahn equation, and the 2D Navier-Stokes equations.

Quantum Analog of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Dynamics.

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) and Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equations play an essential role for describing the dynamics of magnetization in solids. While a quantum analog of the LL dynamics has been proposed in [Phys. Rev.

Reducing Data Resolution for Better Superresolution: Reconstructing Turbulent Flows from Noisy Observation.

A superresolution (SR) method for the reconstruction of Navier-Stokes (NS) flows from noisy observations is presented. In the SR method, first the observation data are averaged over a coarse grid to reduce the noise at the expense of losing resolution and, then, a dynamic observer is employed to reconstruct the flow field by reversing back the lost information. We provide a theoretical analysis, which indicates a chaos synchronization of the SR observer with the reference NS flow.

Strong Limits on keV-Scale Galactic Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter with Stray Light from NuSTAR after 11 Years of Operation.

Using tremendous photon statistics gained with the stray light aperture of the NuSTAR telescope over 11 years of operation, we set strong limits on the emission of close to monochromatic photons from the radiative decays of putative dark matter sterile neutrinos in the Milky Way. In the energy range of 3-20 keV covered by the NuSTAR, the obtained limits reach the bottom edge of theoretical predictions of realistic models where sterile neutrinos are produced in the early Universe. Only a small region is left to explore, if the sterile neutrinos form the entire dark matter component.

Exact Quantization of Topological Order Parameter in SU(N) Spin Models, N-ality Transformation and Ingappabilities.

We show that the ground-state expectation value of twisting operator is a topological order parameter for U(1)- and Z_{N}-symmetric symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases in one-dimensional "spin" systems-it is quantized in the thermodynamic limit and can be used to identify different SPT phases and to diagnose phase transitions among them. We prove that this (nonlocal) order parameter must take values in Nth roots of unity, and its value can be changed by a generalized lattice translation acting as an N-ality transformation connecting distinct phases. This result also implies the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) ingappability for SU(N) spins if we further impose a general translation symmetry.

Symmetry: A Fundamental Resource for Quantum Coherence and Metrology.

We introduce a new paradigm for the preparation of deeply entangled states useful for quantum metrology. We show that, when the quantum state is an eigenstate of an operator A, observables G which are completely off diagonal with respect to A have purely quantum fluctuations, as quantified by the quantum Fisher information, namely, F_{Q}(G)=4⟨G^{2}⟩. This property holds regardless of the purity of the quantum state, and it implies that off-diagonal fluctuations represent a metrological resource for phase estimation.

Dressed Majorana Fermion in a Hybrid Nanowire.

In hybrid systems where nanowires are proximity-coupled with superconductors, the low-energy theory fails to determine the topological phase with Majorana fermion (MF) when the magnetic field or proximity coupling is much stronger. To overcome this limitation, we propose a holistic approach that defines MF by considering both the motion of electrons in the nanowire and the quasiparticle excitations in the superconductor. This approach transcends the constraints of low-energy theory and offers broad applicability.

Cooling of Semiconductor Devices via Quantum Tunneling.

Classical transport of electrons and holes in nanoscale devices leads to heating that severely limits performance, reliability, and efficiency. In contrast, recent theory suggests that interband quantum tunneling and subsequent thermalization of carriers with the lattice results in local cooling of devices. However, internal cooling in nanoscale devices is largely unexplored.

Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic π_{1}(1600).

The spin-exotic hybrid meson π_{1}(1600) is predicted to have a large decay rate to the ωππ final state. Using 76.6  pb^{-1} of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions γp→ωπ^{+}π^{-}p, γp→ωπ^{0}π^{0}p, and γp→ωπ^{-}π^{0}Δ^{++} in the range E_{γ}=8-10  GeV.

Evidence of Dirac Quantum Spin Liquid in YbZn_{2}GaO_{5}.

The emergence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL), a state of matter that can result when electron spins are highly correlated but do not become ordered, has been the subject of a considerable body of research in condensed matter physics [1,2]. Spin liquid states have been proposed as hosts for high-temperature superconductivity [3] and can host topological properties with potential applications in quantum information science [4]. The excitations of most quantum spin liquids are not conventional spin waves but rather quasiparticles known as spinons, whose existence is well established experimentally only in one-dimensional systems; the unambiguous experimental realization of QSL behavior in higher dimensions remains challenging.

Integer Topological Defects Reveal Antisymmetric Forces in Active Nematics.

Cell layers are often categorized as contractile or extensile active, nematics but recent experiments on neural progenitor cells with induced +1 topological defects challenge this classification. In a bottom-up approach, we first study a relevant particle-level model and then analyze a continuum theory derived from it. We show that both model and theory account qualitatively for the main experimental result, i.

Link to Densify: Topological Transitions and Origin of Hysteresis During the Compression and Decompression of Amorphous Ices.

In this Letter, we study the phase transition between amorphous ices and the nature of the hysteresis cycle separating them. We discover that a topological transition takes place as the system transforms from low-density amorphous ice (LDA) at low pressures to high-density amorphous ice (HDA) at high pressures. Specifically, we uncover that the hydrogen bond network (HBN) displays qualitatively different topologies in the LDA and HDA phases: the former characterized by disentangled loop motifs, with the latter displaying topologically complex long-lived Hopf-linked and knotted configurations.

Observation of Optical Chaotic Solitons and Modulated Subharmonic Route to Chaos in Mode-Locked Laser.

We reveal a new scenario for the transition of solitons to chaos in a mode-locked fiber laser: the modulated subharmonic route. Its universality is confirmed in two different laser configurations, namely, a figure-of-eight and a ring laser. Numerical simulations of the laser models agree well with the experiments.