Quinone extraction drives atmospheric carbon monoxide oxidation in bacteria.

Diverse bacteria and archaea use atmospheric CO as an energy source for long-term survival. Bacteria use [MoCu]-CO dehydrogenases (Mo-CODH) to convert atmospheric CO to carbon dioxide, transferring the obtained electrons to the aerobic respiratory chain. However, it is unknown how these enzymes oxidize CO at low concentrations and interact with the respiratory chain.

ADSL promotes autophagy and tumor growth through fumarate-mediated Beclin1 dimethylation.

As an enzyme with a critical role in de novo purine synthesis, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) expression is upregulated in various malignancies. However, whether ADSL possesses noncanonical functions that contribute to cancer progression remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activated by lipid deprivation or ER stress phosphorylates ADSL at S140, leading to an enhanced association between ADSL and Beclin1.

SLC25A1 and ACLY maintain cytosolic acetyl-CoA and regulate ferroptosis susceptibility via FSP1 acetylation.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by excessive lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, emerges as a promising target in cancer therapy. Among the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, the cystine/glutamate transporter system antiporter components SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 are known to regulate ferroptosis by facilitating cystine import for ferroptosis inhibition. However, the contribution of additional SLC superfamily members to ferroptosis remains poorly understood.

Identification of novel 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives as ELOC binders with potential to modulate CRL2 complex formation.

The VHL-containing cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL2) complex is an E3 ligase commonly used in targeted protein degradation (TPD). Hydroxyproline-based ligands that mimic VHL substrates have been developed as anchor molecules for proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in TPD. To expand the chemical space for VHL ligands, we conducted fragment screening using VHL-ELOB-ELOC (VBC) proteins.

Relationship between age, conditioning intensity, and outcome after allografting in adults age ≥60 years with AML.

Methodological advancements now allow older adults with AML to receive allografts although conflicting data exist regarding relative outcomes across age groups and benefits of different conditioning intensities. We retrospectively analyzed 495 adults aged 60-64 (n = 184), 65-69 (n = 189), or ≥70 (n = 122) allografted for AML in remission at our institution from 2006 to 2023. There were no significant differences in relapse or relapse-free survival (RFS) among the 3 age cohorts after multivariable adjustment.

Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between intracellular and extracellular Bartonella henselae.

The Bartonella genus of bacteria encompasses ubiquitous species, some of which are pathogenic in humans and animals. Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of Cat Scratch disease, is responsible for a large portion of human Bartonella infections. These bacteria can grow outside of cells, replicate in erythrocytes and invade endothelial and monocytic cells.

Statistical flaws of the fitness-fatigue sports performance prediction model.

Optimizing athletic training programs with the support of predictive models is an active research topic, fuelled by a consistent data collection. The Fitness-Fatigue Model (FFM) is a pioneer for modelling responses to training on performance based on training load exclusively. It has been subject to several extensions and its methodology has been questioned.

Randomized studies in China show that studying and promoting civic honesty needs to consider local norms.

Civic honesty is a crucial behavior that policymakers and business leaders strive to promote among citizens and employees. We conducted online and field experiments in China adapting the setting of a recent research which employed an innovative design to study civic honesty behavior around the globe. Results show that the psychological mechanism underlying lost-wallet reporting behavior in China is somewhat different from what has been suggested in the literature.

Examining physical and technical performance among youth basketball national team development program players: a multidimensional approach.

This study aimed to examine and compare the anthropometric profiles, motor skills, game-related abilities, and functional capacities of under-15 (U-15) and under-16 (U-16) male basketball players, evaluate the impact of maturity offset, and predict performance across physical and sport-specific domains. A total of 234 athletes participated in a comprehensive test battery, assessing morphological (height, mass, standing reach), physical (sprinting, agility, jump height, endurance), technical (jump shot, free throws, dribbling), and functional movement screen variables. The U-16 group outperformed U-15 players in physical characteristics and jump height.

Spatiotemporal glacier retreat on the Tibetan Plateau since the LGM to early holocene based on compilation of moraine boulder ages.

Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains (TPSM) have experienced prominent glacier retreat since the Global Last Glacial Maximum, while the detailed deglaciation process remains unclear. To investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of the glacier retreat history, we compiled 196 moraines dating from 26.5 to 10 ka based on 994 boulder Be exposure age from seven regions on the TPSM and calculated the separated component Gaussians of moraine ages.

Optimization of the intron sequences combined with the CMV promoter increases recombinant protein expression in CHO cells.

To meet the requirements of the biopharmaceutical industry, improving the yield of recombination therapeutic protein (RTP) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is necessary. The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter is widely used for RTP expression in CHO cells. To further improve RTP production, we truncated the human CMV intron and further evaluated the effect of four synthetic introns, including ctEF-1α first, EF-1α first, chimeric, and β-globin introns combined with the CMV promoter on recombinant expression levels in transient and stably recombinant CHO cells.

Oligodendrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.

Our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has transformed from a purely neuronal perspective to one that acknowledges the involvement of glial cells. Despite remarkable progress in unraveling the biology of microglia, astrocytes and vascular elements, the exploration of oligodendrocytes in AD is still in its early stages. Contrary to the traditional notion of oligodendrocytes as passive bystanders in AD pathology, emerging evidence indicates their active participation in and reaction to amyloid and tau pathology.

Resistance-breaking strains of tomato spotted wilt virus hamper photosynthesis and protein synthesis pathways in a virus accumulation-dependent manner in Sw5-carrying tomatoes.

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae) is one of the major horticultural threats due to its worldwide distribution and broad host range. In Italy, TSWV is widely spread in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops and causes severe yield losses. In the last decades, several tomato varieties carrying the Sw-5b gene for resistance to TSWV have been released.

Niche-derived Semaphorin 4A safeguards functional identity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells.

Somatic stem cell pools comprise diverse, highly specialized subsets whose individual contribution is critical for the overall regenerative function. In the bone marrow, myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (myHSCs) are indispensable for replenishment of myeloid cells and platelets during inflammatory response but, at the same time, become irreversibly damaged during inflammation and aging. Here we identify an extrinsic factor, semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), which non-cell-autonomously confers myHSC resilience to inflammatory stress.

Sequential testing with Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai University Hospital.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for reducing morbidity and mortality in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of TBM in patients with subacute lymphocytic meningitis. This cross-sectional study included 65 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, between January 2015 and March 2016.

Evaluating simulated teaching audio for teacher trainees using RAG and local LLMs.

In the training of teacher students, simulated teaching is a key method for enhancing teaching skills. However, traditional evaluations of simulated teaching typically rely on direct teacher involvement and guidance, increasing teachers' workload and limiting the opportunities for teacher students to practice independently. This paper introduces a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework constructed using various open-source tools (such as FastChat for model inference and Whisper for speech-to-text) combined with a local large language model (LLM) for audio analysis of simulated teaching.

Efficient nonlinear function approximation in analog resistive crossbars for recurrent neural networks.

Analog In-memory Computing (IMC) has demonstrated energy-efficient and low latency implementation of convolution and fully-connected layers in deep neural networks (DNN) by using physics for computing in parallel resistive memory arrays. However, recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are widely used for speech-recognition and natural language processing have tasted limited success with this approach. This can be attributed to the significant time and energy penalties incurred in implementing nonlinear activation functions that are abundant in such models.

Impact of choline choride and sugar natural deep eutectic solvents on structure and functionality of treebean (Parkia timoriana) seed protein.

This study explores the impact of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) on the structure and functionality of treebean (Parkia timoriana) seed protein, a novel approach to enhancing protein stability and functionality for sustainable bioprocessing. The research aims to evaluate the dynamic interactions between protein and choline chloride-sugar-based NADES, focusing on their effects on thermal properties, emulsification behaviour, and rheological characteristics. NADES were formulated using different sugars, and protein-NADES dispersions were analysed for their physicochemical and functional properties.

The impact of climate change on vulnerable populations in pediatrics: opportunities for AI, digital health, and beyond-a scoping review and selected case studies.

Climate change critically impacts global pediatric health, presenting unique and escalating challenges due to children's inherent vulnerabilities and ongoing physiological development. This scoping review intricately intertwines the spheres of climate change, pediatric health, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), with a goal to elucidate the potential of AI and digital health in mitigating the adverse child health outcomes induced by environmental alterations, especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). A notable gap is uncovered: literature directly correlating AI interventions with climate change-impacted pediatric health is scant, even though substantial research exists at the confluence of AI and health, and health and climate change respectively.

Increased serum GM-CSF at diagnosis of biliary atresia is associated with improved biliary drainage.

Background: The immune heterogeneity of biliary atresia (BA) presents a challenge for development of prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to identify early immune signatures associated with biliary drainage after Kasai Portoenterostomy (KPE).

Methods: Serum samples, liver slides, and clinical data were obtained from patients enrolled in the NIDDK-supported Childhood Liver Disease Research Network.