The causal relationship between telomere length and cancer risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Background: Telomere length shortens with age and is associated with an increased risk of numerous chronic diseases. However, the causal direction between telomere length and cancer risk remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the causal impact of telomere length on cancer risk using Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis.

Tuning Transition Metal 3d Spin state on Single-atom Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO Reduction.

Tuning transition metal spin states potentially offers a powerful means to control electrocatalyst activity. However, implementing such a strategy in electrochemical CO reduction (COR) is challenging since rational design rules have yet to be elucidated. Here we show how the addition of P dopants to a ferromagnetic element (Fe, Co, and Ni) single-atom catalyst (SAC) can shift its spin state.

A global survey about undiagnosed rare diseases: perspectives, challenges, and solutions.

Background: Undiagnosed rare diseases (URDs) are a complex and multifaceted challenge, especially in low-and medium-income countries. They affect individuals with unique clinical features and lack a clear diagnostic label. Although the Undiagnosed Diseases Network International (UDNI) definition of URDs is not universally accepted, it is widely recognized.

Correction: Han et al. Genotypic Homogeneity in Distinctive Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Induced (TGFBI) Protein Phenotypes. 2021, , 1230.

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Efficacy of Combined CD38 and PD1 Inhibition with Isatuximab and Cemiplimab for Relapsed/Refractory NK/T-Cell Lymphoma.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combining cemiplimab, an anti-PD1 antibody, with isatuximab, an anti-CD38 antibody, in relapsed or refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (R/R ENKTL). The hypothesis was that CD38 blockade could enhance the antitumor activity of PD1 inhibitors. Eligible patients received cemiplimab (250 mg on days 1 and 15) and isatuximab (10 mg/kg on days 2 and 16) intravenously every four weeks for six cycles.

Design Refinement of Catalytic System for Scale-Up Mild Nitrogen Photo-Fixation.

Ammonia and nitric acid, versatile industrial feedstocks, and burgeoning clean energy vectors hold immense promise for sustainable development. However, Haber-Bosch and Ostwald processes, which generates carbon dioxide as massive by-product, contribute to greenhouse effects and pose environmental challenges. Thus, the pursuit of nitrogen fixation through carbon-neutral pathways under benign conditions is a frontier of scientific topics, with the harnessing of solar energy emerging as an enticing and viable option.

Molecular determinants of response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer: exploratory analysis of the open-label, multicohort phase 1b KEYNOTE-173 study.

Background: The multicohort, open-label, phase 1b KEYNOTE-173 study was conducted to investigate pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This exploratory analysis evaluated features of the tumor microenvironment that might be predictive of response.

Methods: Cell fractions from 20 paired samples collected at baseline and after one cycle of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab prior to chemotherapy initiation were analyzed by spatial localization (tumor compartment, stromal compartment, or sum of tumor and stromal compartments [total tumor]) using three six-plex immunohistochemistry panels with T-cell, myeloid cell, and natural killer cell components.

Bimetallic Ni-Co-MOF Nanostructures for Seawater Electrolysis: Unveiling the Mechanism of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Using Impedance Spectroscopy.

Designing anode electrodes with long-term stability and efficiency for seawater electrolysis is crucial for addressing key challenges in sustainable hydrogen production and clean energy systems. Here, we developed self-supporting bimetallic Ni-Co-MOF electrodes, demonstrating exceptional performance and durability in alkaline seawater electrolysis due to their high voltammetric charge density and increased electrochemically accessible active sites. The reaction kinetics of the water oxidation reaction in the presence of Cl ions (at concentrations ranging from 0.

All-electrical layer-spintronics in altermagnetic bilayers.

Electrical manipulation of spin-polarized current is highly desirable yet tremendously challenging in developing ultracompact spintronic device technology. Here we propose a scheme to realize the all-electrical manipulation of spin-polarized current in an altermagnetic bilayer. Such a bilayer system can host layer-spin locking, in which one layer hosts a spin-polarized current while the other layer hosts a current with opposite spin polarization.

Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute.

Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology.

Patient preferences toward herpes zoster vaccination among individuals aged 50 years or older in South Korea: Findings from a discrete choice experiment.

In South Korea, the increasing incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) and aging population warrant consideration of HZ vaccination for older adults. There is a need to understand the HZ vaccine-related preferences of adults aged ≥50 years and adult children (working or financially independent adults contributing to healthcare decision-making for their parents aged ≥50 years). A discrete choice experiment was conducted to elicit HZ vaccine preferences of the HZ-naïve general public aged ≥50 years ( = 500), current/former HZ patients aged ≥50 years ( = 150), and adult children ( = 150).

Protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial to assess the usefulness of computer-aided detection systems for colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening in the Asia-Pacific region (project CAD/NCCH2217).

Ensuring the high quality of colonoscopies in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is essential to reducing CRC. Recently, computer-aided detection systems (CADe) that use artificial intelligence have attracted much attention as potentially useful tools for improving lesion detection in colonoscopy. However, evidence on the efficacy of CADe in CRC screening is lacking.

Quality-of-care indicators for oncology management: an analysis of Asia-Pacific healthcare and oncology indicators.

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with variable outcomes seen in the Asia-Pacific region due to substantial differences in cancer care and management. Quality indicators are evidence-based, standardized measures of healthcare quality that help measure or quantify healthcare processes, outcomes, and organizational systems to help promote and provide equitable high-quality healthcare. A detailed list of quality indicators in medical, surgical, and palliative oncology was identified from literature reviews.

Mitigating Strain Localization via Stabilized Phase Boundaries for Strengthening Multi-Principal Element Alloys.

Multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) demonstrate exceptional stability during rapid solidification, making them ideal candidates for additive manufacturing and other high-design-flexibility techniques. Unexpectedly, MPEA failure often mimics that of conventional metals, with strain localization along phase or grain boundaries leading to typical crack initiation. Most strategies aim at reducing strain localization either suppress the formation of high-energy sites or dissipate energy at crack tips to enhance toughness, rarely achieving a synergy of both.

Role of epigenetics in paediatric cancer pathogenesis & drug resistance.

Paediatric oncogenesis is tightly intertwined with errors in developmental processes involving cell specification and differentiation, which are governed by intricate temporal epigenetic signals. As paediatric cancers are characterised by a low number of somatic mutations, dysregulated chromatin landscapes are believed to be key drivers of oncogenesis. Epigenetic dysregulation is induced by mutations and aberrant expression of histones and epigenetic regulatory genes, to altered DNA methylation patterns and dysregulated noncoding RNA expression.

Vortex Interference Enables Optimal 3D Interferometric Nanoscopy.

Super-resolution imaging methods that combine interferometric axial (z) analysis with single-molecule localization microscopy (iSMLM) have achieved ultrahigh 3D precision and contributed to the elucidation of important biological ultrastructures. However, their dependence on imaging multiple phase-shifted output channels necessitates complex instrumentation and operation. To solve this problem, we develop an interferometric superresolution microscope capable of optimal direct axial nanoscopy, termed VILM (Vortex Interference Localization Microscopy).

Costs of biomarker testing in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a global study comparing next-generation sequencing and single-gene testing.

Current European/US guidelines recommend that molecular testing in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) be performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, the global uptake of NGS is limited, largely owing to reimbursement constraints. We compared real-world costs of NGS and single-gene testing (SGT) in nonsquamous aNSCLC.

Use of artificial intelligence with retinal imaging in screening for diabetes-associated complications: systematic review.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used to automate detection of retinal diseases from retinal images with great success, in particular for screening for diabetic retinopathy, a major complication of diabetes. Since persons with diabetes routinely receive retinal imaging to evaluate their diabetic retinopathy status, AI-based retinal imaging may have potential to be used as an opportunistic comprehensive screening for multiple systemic micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic review on published literature using AI on retina images to detect systemic diabetes complications.

Lessons from national biobank projects utilizing whole-genome sequencing for population-scale genomics.

Large-scale national biobank projects utilizing whole-genome sequencing have emerged as transformative resources for understanding human genetic variation and its relationship to health and disease. These initiatives, which include the UK Biobank, All of Us Research Program, Singapore's PRECISE, Biobank Japan, and the National Project of Bio-Big Data of Korea, are generating unprecedented volumes of high-resolution genomic data integrated with comprehensive phenotypic, environmental, and clinical information. This review examines the methodologies, contributions, and challenges of major WGS-based national genome projects worldwide.

Two-year outcome of phacogoniotomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma with cataracts: a multicentre study.

Purpose: To report the 2-year effective and safety profile of integrated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PEI), goniosynechialysis (GSL) and 120° goniotomy (GT) in advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and cataracts.

Design: Multicentre prospective study.

Methods: 201 eyes of 196 patients who received combined PEI+GSL+ GT were assessed at baseline and re-evaluated at days 1, 7, and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postsurgery.

Postoperative outcomes in normotensive and hypertensive pheochromocytomas: an international study.

Introduction: Postoperative outcomes of patients with normotensive pheochromocytomas are poorly documented. We aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative hypertension on post-operative outcomes following adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.

Methods: An international retrospective study of patients undergoing adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in 46 centers between 2012-2022 was performed.

Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of Biaryl-Pyridazinone/Phthalimide Derivatives as Novel Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors.

In this study, a series of biaryl-pyridazinone/phthalimide derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. Herbicidal activity and crop safety assessments revealed that some compounds exhibited excellent herbicidal activity and crop safety profiles. For instance, at 37.

Rapid growth of inch-sized lanthanide oxychloride single crystals.

The layered lanthanide oxychloride (LnOCl) family, featuring a low equivalent oxide thickness, high breakdown field and magnetic ordering properties, holds great promise for next-generation van der Waals devices. However, the exploitation of LnOCl materials has been hindered by a lack of reliable methods for growing their single-crystalline phases. Here we achieved the growth of inch-sized bulk LnOCl single crystals and single-crystalline thin films with thickness down to the monolayer in a few hours.

Short-term diet intervention comprising of olive oil, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm.

Offspring health outcomes are often linked with epigenetic alterations triggered by maternal nutrition and intrauterine environment. Strong experimental data also link paternal preconception nutrition with pathophysiology in the offspring, but the mechanism(s) routing effects of paternal exposures remain elusive. Animal experimental models have highlighted small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as potential regulators of paternal effects.

Evidence that the cell glycocalyx envelops respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) particles that form on the surface of RSV-infected human airway cells.

We examined how respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) particles circumvent the overlying glycocalyx on virus-infected A549 cells. The glycocalyx was detected using the lectin WGA-AL488 probe, and the antibodies anti-HS and anti-syndecan-4 that detect heparin sulphate (HS) and the syndecan-4 protein (SYND4) respectively. Imaging of RSV-infected cells provided evidence that the glycocalyx envelopes the virus filaments as they form, and that components of the glycocalyx such as HS moieties and SYND4 are displayed on the surface of the mature virus filaments.