A Novel Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Digital Network for Prehospital Emergency Support: Community Intervention Study.

Background: Efficient emergency patient transport systems, which are crucial for delivering timely medical care to individuals in critical situations, face certain challenges. To address this, CONNECT-AI (CONnected Network for EMS Comprehensive Technical-Support using Artificial Intelligence), a novel digital platform, was introduced. This artificial intelligence (AI)-based network provides comprehensive technical support for the real-time sharing of medical information at the prehospital stage.

High-Throughput Chemotherapeutic Drug Screening System for Gastric Cancer (Cure-GA).

Background: Three dimensional (3D) cell cultures can be effectively used for drug discovery and development but there are still challenges in their general application to high-throughput screening. In this study, we developed a novel high-throughput chemotherapeutic 3D drug screening system for gastric cancer, named 'Cure-GA', to discover clinically applicable anticancer drugs and predict therapeutic responses.

Methods: Primary cancer cells were isolated from 143 fresh surgical specimens by enzymatic treatment.

Comparing haploidentical transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and umbilical cord blood transplantation using targeted busulfan in children and adolescents with hematologic malignancies.

Purpose: This study compared the outcomes of haploidentical-related donor (HRD) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies.

Methods: Data on patients who underwent HRD HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (n = 41) and UCB HSCT (n = 24) after targeted busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning with intensive pharmacokinetic monitoring between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The median follow-up durations in the HRD and UCB groups were 7.

The Effect of Strength Training Targeting Medial Thigh Muscles on Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Knee valgus loading is thought to be an important contributor to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, but the effects of training programs focusing on decreasing knee valgus loading on lower extremity biomechanics with respect to ACL injury risk remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of strength training designed to strengthen the medial thigh muscles on lower extremity joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity during single-leg landing.

Methods: A total of 35 healthy participants randomly conducted either exercises targeting medial thigh muscles (intervention group) or exercises that did not target specific lower extremity muscles (control group).

Hydrogen Bond-Driven Hierarchical Assembly of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrahigh Textile Capacity.

Hydrogen-bond-driven 1D assembly of carbon nanotubes dispersed in organic solvents remains challenging owing to difficulties associated with achieving high oxidation levels and uniform dispersion. Here, we introduced a bioinspired wet-spinning method that utilizes highly oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in organic solvents without superacid or dispersants. By incorporating submicrometer-sized graphene oxide nanosheets, we facilitated the ejection of 1.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclobutanes via Rh-Catalyzed Unprecedented C-C Bond Cleavage of Alkylidenecyclopropanes.

The stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclobutanes is essential for the development of lead candidates in drug discovery. Herein, we present a novel Rh(III)-catalyzed reaction pathway for synthesizing substituted cyclobutanes, which involves a concerted N-C bond formation and C-C bond cleavage between 2-aryl quinazolinones and alkylidenecyclopropanes. Notably, the combination of Rh(III) catalyst and HFIP solvent plays a critical role in facilitating the formation of cyclobutane rings.

Synthetic Bilirubin-Based Nanomedicine Protects Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Antioxidant and Immune-Modulating Activity.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common form of acute kidney injury. The basic mechanism underlying renal IRI is acute inflammation, where oxidative stress plays an important role. Although bilirubin exhibits potent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging properties, its clinical application is hindered by problems associated with solubility, stability, and toxicity.

Crystallographic Spin Torque Conductivity Tensor of Epitaxial IrO Thin Films for Oxide Spintronics.

Unconventional spin-orbit torques arising from electric-field-generated spin currents in anisotropic materials have promising potential for spintronic applications, including for perpendicular magnetic switching in high-density memory applications. Here, all the independent elements of the spin torque conductivity tensor allowed by bulk crystal symmetries for the tetragonal conductor IrO are determined via measurements of conventional (in-plane) anti-damping torques for IrO thin films in the high-symmetry (001) and (100) orientations. It is then tested whether rotational transformations of this same tensor can predict both the conventional and unconventional anti-damping torques for IrO thin films in the lower-symmetry (101), (110), and (111) orientations, finding good agreement.

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Isolated from Food Animal Carcasses During 2010-2023 in South Korea.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial contamination of meat poses a significant global public health risk. We aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles and trends of recovered from carcasses of healthy food-producing animals in South Korea during 2010-2023. In total, 4748 isolates obtained from cattle ( = 1582), pigs ( = 1572), and chickens ( = 1594) were assessed for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials.

Single-Step Production of Doubly Re-entrant Microstructures Through Reaction-Diffusion Photolithography for Omniphobic Surfaces.

Omniphobic surfaces, which repel virtually any liquid regardless of its wettability, have been developed using doubly re-entrant microstructures. Although various microfabrication techniques have been explored, these often require multiple complex steps. In this study, reaction-diffusion photolithography (RDP) is used to fabricate micropost arrays with doubly re-entrant geometries through a single-step ultraviolet (UV) exposure process.

Etchant-Free Dry-Developable Extreme Ultraviolet Photoresist Materials Utilizing N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Metal Complexes.

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has enabled significant reductions in device dimensions but is often limited by capillary force-driven pattern collapse in conventional wet processes. Recent dry-development approaches, while promising, frequently require toxic etchants or specialized equipment, limiting their broader applicability and highlighting the need for more sustainable, cost-effective alternatives. In this study, highly reactive, etchant-free dry-developable EUV photoresists using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based metal-ligand complexes, achieving half-saturation at EUV doses of 8.

Valence State Hydrogen Channel Enhances Sustained and Controllable Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Diabetic Skin Wound Healing.

Diabetes significantly increases the risk of serious health issues, including prolonged skin inflammation and delayed wound healing, owing to inferior glucose control and suppression of the immune system. Although traditional hydrogen (H2) therapy is slightly effective, its ability to tailor the release of H2 on the skin is limited. Accordingly, this study proposed a novel strategy for electrocatalytic H2 release under neutral conditions to promote wound healing in diabetic mice and rabbit.

Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Ca(PO):Eu Phosphors With High Emission Efficiency.

The influence of Eu concentration on the crystal structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties of Ca(PO):xEu (0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) phosphors is systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy.

Revealing the catalytic oxidation mechanism of CO on α-FeO surfaces: an thermodynamic study.

Significant research efforts have been devoted to improving the efficiency of catalytic carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation over α-FeO-based catalysts, but details of the underlying mechanism are still under debate. Here we apply the thermodynamic method (AITM) within the density functional theory framework to investigate the phase diagram of α-FeO(0001) surfaces with various terminations and the catalytic mechanism of CO oxidation on these surfaces. By extending the conventional AITM to consider the charge state of surface defects, we build the phase diagram of α-FeO(0001) surfaces in relation to the Fermi energy as well as the oxygen chemical potential, which makes it possible to explain the influence of point defects on the surface morphology and to predict the existence of the experimentally observed functional sites such as the ferryl group (FeO) and oxygen vacancies.

Mental Distress Posed by the Co-Experience of Elder Mistreatment and Social Isolation: A Study with Older Korean Americans.

This study examined the concurrent effects of social isolation and elder mistreatment on mental distress in older Korean Americans (= 2,122, Mean age = 73.4). Approximately 44% experienced mistreatment, with 32% exposed to a single type and 12% to multiple types (polyvictimization).

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an aetiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from 9 prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and TC risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model.

Ultrahigh Specific Strength by Bayesian Optimization of Carbon Nanolattices.

Nanoarchitected materials are at the frontier of metamaterial design and have set the benchmark for mechanical performance in several contemporary applications. However, traditional nanoarchitected designs with conventional topologies exhibit poor stress distributions and induce premature nodal failure. Here, using multi-objective Bayesian optimization and two-photon polymerization, optimized carbon nanolattices with an exceptional specific strength of 2.

Adhesive and Conductive Fibrous Hydrogel Bandages for Effective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury is a common disease resulting in reversible and irreversible impairments of motor and sensory functions. In addition to conventional surgical interventions such as nerve grafting and neurorrhaphy, nerve guidance conduits are used to effectively support axonal growth without unexpected neuroma formation. However, there are still challenges to secure tissue-mimetic mechanical and electrophysiological properties of the conduit materials.

Deciphering the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on erythropoiesis at single-cell resolution.

Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on zebrafish ( ) embryonic development, particularly erythropoiesis, remains underexplored. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos. validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings, revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.

Hematologic and clinical chemistry reference intervals for six species of wild birds frequently rescued in the Republic of Korea.

Objective: Reference intervals for hematologic and clinical chemistry values are useful when diagnosing a pathologic condition in animals. This study establishes relevant reference intervals for six species of wild birds that are frequently rescued at wildlife rescue centers in the Republic of Korea.

Methods: Forty-two Eurasian eagle owls (), 34 Oriental turtle doves (), 73 domestic pigeons (), 27 brown hawk-owls (), 76 common kestrels (), and 25 Eurasian magpies () were included in this study.

The N17 domain of huntingtin as a multifaceted player in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is primarily caused by the aberrant aggregation of the N-terminal exon 1 fragment of mutant huntingtin protein (mHttex1) with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats in neurons. The first 17 amino acids of the N-terminus of Httex1 (N17 domain) immediately preceding the polyQ repeat domain are evolutionarily conserved across vertebrates and play multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of HD. Due to its amphipathic helical properties, the N17 domain, both alone and when membrane-associated, promotes mHttEx1 aggregation.

Transformer-based model for predicting length of stay in intensive care unit in sepsis patients.

Introduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate, requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The increasing hospitalization rate for patients with sepsis has escalated medical costs due to the strain on ICU resources. Efficient management of ICU resources is critical to addressing this challenge.

Effectiveness of mobile mindfulness training on stress, burnout, and work engagement of office workers: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Work stress has a detrimental impact on individual health and corporate efficiency and productivity. Mindfulness reduces workers' stress and burnout and increases work engagement and performance. Smartphone-based interventions could be an alternative to provide customized training without geographical or economic constraints.

A new species of the genus Heylaerts, 1885 (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) from Korea with its natural parasitoid enemy.

Roh & Lee, is described as new to science. The morphology of male adult, including genitalia, is described, and DNA barcodes for precise identification of the species are provided. A parasitoid, Townsend, 1916 (Diptera, Tachinidae) of is also reported for the first time in Korea, together with its DNA barcode sequence.

Subtilases: a major prospect to the genome editing in horticultural crops.

Plant peptides, synthesized from larger precursor proteins, often undergo proteolytic cleavage and post-translational modifications to form active peptide hormones. This process involves several proteolytic enzymes (proteases). Among these, SBTs (serine proteases) are a major class of proteolytic enzymes in plants and play key roles in various regulatory mechanisms, including plant immune response, fruit development and ripening, modulating root growth, seed development and germination, and organ abscission.