Fusion of transfer learning with nature-inspired dandelion algorithm for autism spectrum disorder detection and classification using facial features.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurologic disorder considered to cause discrepancies in physical activities, social skills, and cognition. There is no specific medicine for treating this disorder; early intervention is critical to improving brain function. Additionally, the lack of a clinical test for detecting ASD makes diagnosis challenging.

Therapeutic role of aripiprazole in cartilage defects explored through a drug repurposing approach.

Articular cartilage has a limited regenerative capacity, resulting in poor spontaneous healing of damaged tissue. Despite various scientific efforts to enhance cartilage repair, no single method has yielded satisfactory results. With rising drug development costs, drug repositioning has emerged as a viable alternative.

Differential Regulatory Effects of Probiotics on Bone Metabolism by the Status of Bone Health and Delivery Route.

Probiotics are known to have favorable effects on human health. Nevertheless, probiotics are not always beneficial and can cause unintended adverse effects such as bacteremia and/or inflammation in immunocompromised patients. In the present study, we investigated the effects of probiotics on the regulation of bone metabolism under different health conditions and delivery routes.

Finding deceivers in social context with large language models and how to find them: the case of the Mafia game.

Lies are ubiquitous and often happen in social interactions. However, socially conducted deceptions make it hard to get data since people are unlikely to self-report their intentional deception behaviors, especially malicious ones. Social deduction games, a type of social game where deception is a key gameplay mechanic, can be a good alternative to studying social deceptions.

Widespread admixture blurs population structure and confounds Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) conservation even in the genomic era.

Intraspecific variation is important for species' long-term persistence in changing environments. Conservation strategies targeting intraspecific variation often rely on the identification of management or policy units below the species level based on biological differences among populations. To identify management units, this paper examines intraspecific divergence of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Great Slave Lake (GSL), Canada, using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data.

Role of moral disengagement and media literacy in the relationships between risky online content exposure and cyberaggression among Korean adolescents.

This study investigated the relationships among exposure to risky online content, moral disengagement, media literacy, and cyberaggression in adolescents (aged 13-15 years). Data were obtained from the 2021 Cyber Violence Survey (N = 3,002) conducted by a national agency in the Republic of Korea using systematic stratified sampling. The survey assessed eight aggressive online behaviors as indicators of cyberaggression: verbal violence, defamation, stalking, sending provocative content, personal information leakage, bullying, extortion, and coercion.

Cation composition ratio and channel length effects on bias stress instability in amorphous InGaZnO back-end-of-line field-effect transistors.

This study optimizes V and ΔV in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) field-effect transistors (FETs) by examining the influence of both channel length (L) and Ga composition. It was observed that as the ratio of In: Ga: Zn changed from 1:1:1 to 0.307:0.

Association of higher potency statin use with risk of osteoporosis and fractures in patients with stroke in a Korean nationwide cohort study.

This population-based cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis and fractures associated with higher-potency statin use compared to lower-potency statin use in patients with stroke, using data from the Health Insurance and Review Assessment database of South Korea (2010-2019). Patients who received statin within 30 days after hospitalization for a new-onset stroke (n = 276,911) were divided into higher-potency (n = 212,215, 76.6%) or lower-potency (n = 64,696, 23.

Dual-biased metal oxide electrolyte-gated thin-film transistors for enhanced protonation in complex biofluids.

pH sensing technology is pivotal for monitoring aquatic ecosystems and diagnosing human health conditions. Indium-gallium-zinc oxide electrolyte-gated thin-film transistors (IGZO EGTFTs) are highly regarded as ion-sensing devices due to the pH-dependent surface chemistry of their sensing membranes. However, applying EGTFT-based pH sensors in complex biofluids containing diverse charged species poses challenges due to ion interference and inherently low sensitivity constrained by the Nernst limit.

Improved aquila optimizer for swarm-based solutions to complex engineering problems.

The traditional optimization approaches suffer from certain problems like getting stuck in local optima, low speed, susceptibility to local optima, and searching unknown search spaces, thus requiring reliance on single-based solutions. Herein, an Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) is proposed, which is a unique meta-heuristic optimization method motivated by the hunting behavior of Aquila. An improved version of Aquila optimizer seeks to increase effectiveness and productivity.

Time-series InSAR measurement using ICOPS and estimation of along-track surface deformation using MAI during the 2021 eruption of Fagradalsfjall Volcano, Iceland.

The eruption in Fagradalsfjall Volcano, located in Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, from several centuries' dormant states, occurred for the first time on March 19, 2021. Observations of Fagradalsfjall Volcano were conducted in 2021, and the eruption period lasted for six months until 18 September 2021. Six days pair of interferograms were generated from ninety synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data.

Salinity stress mitigation in wheat through synergistic application of ascorbic acid, nanoparticles and Salvadora oleoides extract.

Salinity stress adversely affects wheat growth and productivity, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This study investigates the combined impact of ascorbic acid (AsA), silver nanoparticles (NPs), and Salvadora oleoides aqueous leaf extract (LE) on wheat tolerance to salinity stress. A randomized complete design (RCD) was employed with fourteen treatments: T1 (5 mM AsA), T2 (10 mM AsA), T3 (20 ppm AgNPs), T4 (40 ppm AgNPs), T5 (5% S.

Discontinuation rates, clinical effects and provocation factors of SGLT-2 inhibitor in the real world.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the only medications that improve clinical outcomes regardless of baseline left ventricular ejection fraction. Despite the recognized effectiveness of SGLT-2 inhibitors, there remains a paucity of research on the discontinuation of these medications. The objective of this study is to analyze the rate of discontinuation of SGLT-2 inhibitors, to evaluate the impact of discontinuation on the clinical outcome, and to identify the factors associated with discontinuation.

A conserved pilin from uncultured gut bacterial clade TANB77 enhances cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard anti-cancer treatment, offering durable clinical benefits. However, the limited response rate of ICB necessitates biomarkers to predict and modulate the efficacy of the therapy. The gut microbiome's influence on ICB efficacy is of particular interest due to its modifiability through various interventions.

FN1 and VEGFA Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma as Determined by Bioinformatics Analysis.

Background/aim: Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain tumor, and despite advances in treatment, survival rates are still dismal. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma is needed. This study suggests potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma that may provide new therapeutic insights.

RFC3 Knockdown Decreases Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion.

Background/aim: Replication factor C subunit 3 (RFC3) is a critical component of the replication factor C complex, which is essential for DNA replication and repair. Recent studies have highlighted the RFC3's significance in various cancer types. Herein, we aimed to elucidate its biological role in cervical cancer.

Autophagic signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Parkinson's disease patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments and the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein. Dysregulation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP), responsible for degrading misfolded proteins, has been implicated in PD pathogenesis. However, current diagnostic approaches rely heavily on motor symptoms, which occur due to substantial neurodegeneration, limiting early detection and intervention.

Evaluating current status of network pharmacology for herbal medicine focusing on identifying mechanisms and therapeutic effects.

Introduction: Network pharmacology has gained significant traction as a tool for identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines. However, despite the usefulness of these approaches, their diversity underscores the critical need for a systematic evaluation to ensure consistency and reliability.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the network pharmacological analyses, focusing on identifying the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines.

Generation of super-resolution images from barcode-based spatial transcriptomics by deep image prior.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics (ST) has revolutionized the field of biology by providing a powerful tool for analyzing gene expression in situ. However, current ST methods, particularly barcode-based methods, have limitations in reconstructing high-resolution images from barcodes sparsely distributed in slides. Here, we present SuperST, an algorithm that enables the reconstruction of dense matrices (higher-resolution and non-zero-inflated matrices) from low-resolution ST libraries.

Comprehensive analysis of proteomic and biochemical responses of Daphnia magna to short-term exposure to polystyrene microplastic particles.

Microplastic (MP) represent a pervasive and escalating threat to aquatic ecosystems, impacting organisms from cellular to population levels. To investigate the immediate molecular impacts of MP exposure, we exposed Daphnia magna, a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems, to polystyrene microplastic particles (5 μm, 5 μg/L) for 48 h. Through proteomic and biochemical analyses, we identified extensive disruptions in key physiological pathways.

The impact of depression on risk of malignant glioma: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Malignant glioma (MG) is a malignant brain tumor with a fatal prognosis. Depression is on the rise in society, and its negative association on prognosis of glioma patients is known. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between depression and MG risk by analyzing data from the Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS).

N-functionalized calcium alginate encapsulated with microalgae for efficient Pb removal: Mechanisms and performance in batch and column operations.

In this study, a novel adsorbent called Ca@SP was developed by immobilizing microalgae protein (Spirulina platensis, SP) in an alginate matrix for enhanced Pb²⁺ removal from aqueous solutions. Synthesized via in situ crosslinking, Ca@SP leverages the synergistic effects of alginate's gel-forming ability and SP's N-rich biomass. Characterization of Ca@SP revealed a green spherical hydrogel with a BET specific surface area of 159.

Green credit policy and energy consumption intensity in China: Firm-level evidence and insights.

The transition to sustainable development has become a global priority, with energy transformation serving as a key component. In this context, green financial instruments play a crucial role in shaping corporate energy-saving behaviors and promoting sustainable development. This paper examines the impact and mechanism of China's first green credit policy (GCP) on energy consumption intensity (ECI) of manufacturing firms in China, using a difference-in-difference (DID) approach with micro-level data (2004-2009).

Comparison of prognosis between carbon monoxide poisoning only and combinations of other toxic exposures.

Introduction: There is a paucity of research comparing the prognosis of patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning only and CO poisoning with other toxic exposures. This study compared a group of patients with CO poisoning only and a group of patients with CO poisoning combined with other toxic exposures in terms of mortality and morbidity (ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and myocardial infarction).

Method: This study used claims data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea.