Portable Amperometric Biosensor Enhanced with Enzyme-Ternary Nanocomposites for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Detection.

Enzyme-based portable amperometric biosensors are precise and low-cost medical devices used for rapid cancer biomarker screening. Sarcosine (Sar) is an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). Because human serum and urine contain complex interfering substances that can directly oxidize at the electrode surface, rapid Sar screening biosensors are relatively challenging and have rarely been reported.

Active Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform Based on a 2D Material-Flexible Nanotip Array.

Two-dimensional materials with a nanostructure have been introduced as promising candidates for SERS platforms for sensing application. However, the dynamic control and tuning of SERS remains a long-standing problem. Here, we demonstrated active tuning of the enhancement factor of the first- and second-order Raman mode of monolayer (1L) MoS transferred onto a flexible metallic nanotip array.

P300 Latency with Memory Performance: A Promising Biomarker for Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer's Disease.

Detecting and tracking the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now of particular interest due to the aging of the world's population. AD is the most common cause of dementia, affecting the daily lives of those afflicted. Approaches in development can accelerate the evaluation of the preclinical stages of AD and facilitate early treatment and the prevention of symptom progression.

Machine Learning-Driven Innovations in Microfluidics.

Microfluidic devices have revolutionized biosensing by enabling precise manipulation of minute fluid volumes across diverse applications. This review investigates the incorporation of machine learning (ML) into the design, fabrication, and application of microfluidic biosensors, emphasizing how ML algorithms enhance performance by improving design accuracy, operational efficiency, and the management of complex diagnostic datasets. Integrating microfluidics with ML has fostered intelligent systems capable of automating experimental workflows, enabling real-time data analysis, and supporting informed decision-making.

Flexible Electrochemical Biosensor Using Nanostructure-Modified Polymer Electrode for Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids.

In the biosensor field, the accurate detection of contagious disease has become one of the most important research topics in the post-pandemic period. However, conventional contagious viral biosensors normally require chemical modifications to introduce the probe molecules to nucleic acids such as a redox indicator, fluorescent dye, or quencher for biosensing. To avoid this complex chemical modification, in this research, mismatched DNA with an intercalated metal ion complex (MIMIC) is employed as the probe sequence.

Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay Implemented with Isothermal Gene Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

We developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic platform that integrates isothermal viral gene amplification with a nucleic acid lateral flow assay (NALFA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Isothermal gene amplification was performed by combining reverse transcription of viral RNA with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In our diagnostic platform, DNA primers for the RPA reaction were modified by appending DNA tails, enabling the synthesis of tailed amplicon DNAs.

Optimization of Paper-Based Alveolar-Mimicking SERS Sensor for High-Sensitivity Detection of Antifungal Agent.

Crystal violet (CV) is a disinfectant and antifungal agent used in aquaculture that plays a vital role in treating aquatic diseases and sterilizing water. However, its potential for strong toxicity, including carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, upon accumulation in the body raises concerns regarding its safe use. Therefore, there is a growing need for the quantitative detection of CV in its early application stages to ensure human safety.

Choline Oxidase-Incorporated ATRP-Based Cerium Nanogels as Nanozymes for Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Choline.

Choline is an important molecule in monitoring food safety and infant nutrition. Here, we report Ce nanogels synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) employing Ce-coordinated acryloyl-lysine polymer brushes (Ce@SiO NGs) as highly efficient cascade nanozymes for colorimetric detection of choline. The synthesized Ce@SiO NGs demonstrated remarkable peroxidase-like activity with a porous exterior, which are essential to entrap choline oxidase (COx) to yield COx@Ce@SiO NGs and construct a cascade reaction system to detect choline.

Edge Artificial Intelligence Device in Real-Time Endoscopy for Classification of Gastric Neoplasms: Development and Validation Study.

Objective: We previously developed artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis algorithms for predicting the six classes of stomach lesions. However, this required significant computational resources. The incorporation of AI into medical devices has evolved from centralized models to decentralized edge computing devices.

ARS: AI-Driven Recovery Controller for Quadruped Robot Using Single-Network Model.

Legged robots, especially quadruped robots, are widely used in various environments due to their advantage in overcoming rough terrains. However, falling is inevitable. Therefore, the ability to overcome a falling state is an essential ability for legged robots.

Deep Neural Networks for Accurate Depth Estimation with Latent Space Features.

Depth estimation plays a pivotal role in advancing human-robot interactions, especially in indoor environments where accurate 3D scene reconstruction is essential for tasks like navigation and object handling. Monocular depth estimation, which relies on a single RGB camera, offers a more affordable solution compared to traditional methods that use stereo cameras or LiDAR. However, despite recent progress, many monocular approaches struggle with accurately defining depth boundaries, leading to less precise reconstructions.

A Comparison of Internal, Marginal, and Incisal Gaps in Zirconia Laminates Fabricated Using Subtractive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Methods.

DLP printing is a new method for producing zirconia laminates that ensure clinically acceptable gaps in the internal, marginal, and incisal regions. A typical model of a central maxillary incisor was prepped by a dentist and scanned. The laminate was designed using CAD software version 2023.

Optical Flow Sensor with Fluorescent-Conjugated Hyperelastic Pillar: A Biomimetic Approach.

Although the Doppler velocity log is widely applied to measure underwater fluid flow, it requires high power and is inappropriate for measuring low flow velocity. This study proposes a fluid flow sensor that utilizes optical flow sensing. The proposed sensor mimics the neuromast of a fish by attaching a phosphor to two pillar structures (A and B) produced using ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

Oncologic and Operative Outcomes of Robotic Staging Surgery Using Low Pelvic Port Placement in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer.

Upper para-aortic lymph node dissection (PALND) is one of the most challenging gynecologic robotic procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the oncologic and operative outcomes of robotic staging surgery, including upper PALND, using low pelvic port placement (LP3) in 22 patients with high-risk endometrial cancer. High-risk was defined as patients who showed deep myometrial invasion with grade III, cervical involvement, or high-risk histology.

Key Risk Factors, Sex Differences, and the Influence of High-Intensity Exercise on Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A 10-Year Cohort Study Based on 1,120,377 Individuals from the NHISS Data.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. Therefore, this study aims to examine data from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service (NHISS) to investigate factors influencing colon cancer incidence, focusing on key variables and optimal cutoff points. The patient cohort from the NHISS database included 1,120,377 individuals aged 1-85 years.

Supersaturated Gel Formulation (SGF) of Atorvastatin at a Maximum Dose of 80 mg with Enhanced Solubility, Dissolution, and Physical Stability.

The objective of this work was to develop a supersaturated gel formulation (SGF) loaded with the maximum atorvastatin calcium trihydrate (ATR) dose. The maximum dose strength of ATR needs to be reduced through improving solubility and dissolution rate to mitigate side effects due to the necessity of taking high doses. ATR has highly pH-dependent solubility at 37 °C, leading to poor solubility (<10 μg/mL) in stomach acid (pH 1.

Polymerizable Ionic Liquid-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enabled by High-Energy Electron Beam for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Polymerizable ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolytes (PIL-GPEs) were developed for the first time using high-energy electron beam irradiation for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). By incorporating an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (PIL) into the polymer network, PIL-GPEs achieved high ionic conductivity (1.90 mS cm at 25 °C), a lithium transference number of 0.

Gamma Radiation-Induced Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Acrylic Acid Hydrogels for Methylene Blue Dye Removal.

This study aims to develop efficient and sustainable hydrogels for dye adsorption, addressing the critical need for improved wastewater treatment methods. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based hydrogels grafted with AAc were synthesized using gamma radiation polymerization. Various AAc to CMC ratios (5:5, 5:7.

Physicochemical Properties, Drug Release and In Situ Depot-Forming Behaviors of Alginate Hydrogel Containing Poorly Water-Soluble Aripiprazole.

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, drug release and in situ depot-forming behavior of alginate hydrogel containing poorly water-soluble aripiprazole (ARP) for achieving free-flowing injectability, clinically accessible gelation time and sustained drug release. The balanced ratio of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) was crucial to modulate gelation time of the alginate solution in the presence of calcium carbonate. Our results demonstrated that the sol state alginate hydrogel before gelation was free-flowing, stable and readily injectable using a small 23 G needle.

3D Bioprintable Self-Healing Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Cysteamine Grafting for Tissue Engineering.

The abundance of hyaluronic acid (HA) in human tissues attracts its thorough research in tissue regenerating scaffolds and 3D bioprintable hydrogel preparation. Though methacrylation of HA can lead to photo-crosslinkable hydrogels, the catalyst has toxicity concerns, and the hydrogel is not suitable for creating stable complex 3D structures using extrusion 3D bioprinting. In this study, a dual crosslinking on methacrylated HA is introduced, using cysteamine-grafted HA and varying concentrations of 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate.

Stretchable and Shape-Transformable Organohydrogel with Gallium Mesh Frame.

Shape-memory materials are widely utilized in biomedical devices and tissue engineering, particularly for their ability to undergo predefined shape changes in response to external stimuli. In this study, a shape-transformable organohydrogel was developed by incorporating a gallium mesh into a polyacrylamide/alginate/glycerol matrix. The gallium mesh, which transitions between solid and liquid states at moderate temperatures (~29.

Enhanced Ammonia Capture for Adsorption Heat Pumps Using a Salt-Embedded COF Aerogel Composite.

Adsorption heat pumps (AHPs) have garnered significant attention due to their efficient use of low-grade thermal energy, eco-friendly nature, and cost-effectiveness. However, a significant challenge lies in developing adsorbent materials that can achieve a high uptake capacity, rapid adsorption rates, and efficient reversible release of refrigerants, such as ammonia (NH). Herein, we developed and synthesized a novel salt-embedded covalent organic framework (COF) composite material designed for enhanced NH capture.

Impact of DLL3 Expression as Prognostic Factor in Extensive Stage of Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With First-Line Chemotherapy.

Introduction: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known for its high proliferative rate and poor prognosis. Although Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is specifically expressed on the surface of SCLC, the association of DLL3 with prognosis in SCLC remains uncertain. Hence, we aimed to evaluate prognostic role of DLL3 in extensive stage of SCLC treated with first-line chemotherapy.

Freeze-Induced Protein Assembly of α-Synuclein into Stable Microspheres to Fabricate Light-Induced Cargo Release Systems.

Stable hollow-type microspheres (MSs) have been fabricated using α-synuclein (αS), an amyloidogenic protein, via freeze-induced protein self-assembly. This assembly process involves three steps: rapid freezing to form spherical protein condensates from αS oligomers, frozen annealing to form a crust on the condensate and freeze-drying to create an interior lumen via the three-dimensional (3D) coffee-stain effect. The crust produced during the frozen-annealing step is a β-sheet-mediated protein structure that is presumed to be created at the quasi-liquid layer of the protein-ice interface and thus contributes to the stability of MSs in aqueous solutions at room temperature without any additional surface stabilization.