Spectroscopy and Dynamics of the Dipole-Bound States of -, -, and -Methylphenolate Anions.

A photodetachment and photoelectron spectroscopic study by employing a cryogenically cooled ion trap combined with a velocity-map imaging setup has been carried out to unravel the vibrational structures and autodetachment dynamics of the dipole-bound states (DBSs) of -, -, and -methylphenolate anions (-, -, and -CHPhO). The electron binding energy of the DBS increases monotonically with the increase of the neutral dipole moment to give respective values of 66 ± 15, 123 ± 18, or 154 ± 14 cm for the -, -, or -isomer. The different electron-donating effects of the methyl moieties in the three geometrically different isomers seem to be reflected in the experiment.

Improving patient satisfaction based on service quality in clinical trials: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Participants' satisfaction is an important factor in securing competitiveness in clinical trials. In many industries, such as healthcare, customer service quality has been analyzed to increase customer satisfaction. However, no study so far has attempted to measure participants' perceptions of service quality in the clinical trial area and identify its effect on participant satisfaction.

Discovery of novel TACE inhibitors using graph convolutional network, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and Biological evaluation.

The increasing utilization of deep learning models in drug repositioning has proven to be highly efficient and effective. In this study, we employed an integrated deep-learning model followed by traditional drug screening approach to screen a library of FDA-approved drugs, aiming to identify novel inhibitors targeting the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). TACE, also known as ADAM17, plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response by converting pro-TNF-α to its active soluble form and cleaving other inflammatory mediators, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Role of Toll-like receptor 2 during infection of Leptospira spp: A systematic review.

The involvement of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in leptospirosis is poorly understood. Our systematic review examined its role across in-vitro, in-vivo, ex-vivo, and human studies. Original articles published in English up to January 2024, exploring the role of TLR2 during leptospirosis, were selected from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Trip, and Google Scholar.

Simultaneous Coproduction of Xylonic Acid and Xylitol: Leveraging In Situ Hydrogen Generation and Utilization from Xylose.

Pentose oxidation and reduction, processes yielding value-added sugar-derived acids and alcohols, typically involve separate procedures necessitating distinct reaction conditions. In this study, a novel one-pot reaction for the concurrent production of xylonic acid and xylitol from xylose is proposed. This reaction was executed at ambient temperature in the presence of a base, eliminating the need for external gases, by leveraging Pt-supported catalysts.

Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Canines with Pyoderma and Otitis Externa in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bacterial skin infections, particularly pyoderma and otitis externa, are widespread in dogs, primarily caused by and species. This study evaluates the prevalence and types of bacterial pathogens in affected dogs in South Korea using a meta-analytical approach. Following the PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between 1990 and 2024.

Effects of Perch on Productivity, Welfare, and Physiological Indicators of Broiler Chickens Reared in Animal Welfare-Certificated Farms.

This study explored the impact of perches on the productivity and welfare of broilers raised on two animal welfare-certified farms (designated as Farm A and B) in South Korea. Broiler houses in each farm were provided with or without wooden square-shaped perches (2 × 2 cm) at a rate of 2 m per 1000 birds. The study aimed to assess whether perches could influence productivity measures, such as weight and uniformity, and animal welfare indicators, including corticosterone levels and physical health markers.

Comparative Analysis of Cryotherapy Modalities Using Muscle Tissue Temperature Measurement: Cold Pack, Cold Compression, and Hyperbaric Gaseous Cryotherapy.

Cryotherapy is widely used in veterinary medicine to manage pain and swelling, yet optimal methods for specific tissue depths remain unclear. Cryotherapy modalities, including cold packs (CPs), cold compression (CC), and hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy (HGC), were applied to nine beagle dogs under general anaesthesia. A custom 3D-printed guide facilitated consistent and accurate measurements of tissue temperatures at depths of 1 and 3 cm.

Maternal Transmission of Rotavirus to Calves and Comparison of Colostrum and Fecal Microbiota in Holstein and Hanwoo Cattle.

This study aimed to evaluate rotavirus transmission to calves and analyze microbial communities in cow milk and neonatal calf feces within dairy and beef cattle. A total of 20 cattle, Hanwoo ( = 10), and Holstein ( = 10) were allotted for the study, with each breed comprising five cows and five calves. Colostrum samples were obtained from the dam, while feces were obtained from both the dam and calf.

Automated Measurement of Effective Radiation Dose by F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Background/objectives: Calculating the radiation dose from CT in F-PET/CT examinations poses a significant challenge. The objective of this study is to develop a deep learning-based automated program that standardizes the measurement of radiation doses.

Methods: The torso CT was segmented into six distinct regions using TotalSegmentator.

Identification of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Targeting DNA Gyrase A and Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase PknB: A Machine Learning-Assisted Drug-Repurposing Approach.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health challenge associated with considerable levels of illness and mortality worldwide. The development of innovative therapeutic strategies is crucial to combat the rise of drug-resistant TB strains. DNA Gyrase A (GyrA) and serine/threonine protein kinase (PknB) are promising targets for new TB medications.

Detecting Tumor-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Intracranial hemorrhage associated with primary or metastatic brain tumors is a critical condition that requires urgent intervention, often through open surgery. Nevertheless, surgical interventions may not always be feasible due to two main reasons: (1) extensive hemorrhage can obscure the underlying tumor mass, limiting radiological assessment; and (2) intracranial hemorrhage may occasionally present as the first symptom of a brain tumor without prior knowledge of its existence. The current review of case studies suggests that advanced radiological imaging techniques can improve diagnostic power for tumoral hemorrhage.

Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Diseases: Advantages, Limitations, and Future Directions.

Animal models are valuable tools for studying the underlying mechanisms of and potential treatments for intervertebral disc diseases. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of animal models of disc diseases, focusing on lumbar spinal stenosis, disc herniation, and degeneration, as well as future research directions. The advantages of animal models are that they enable controlled experiments, long-term monitoring to study the natural history of the disease, and the testing of potential treatments.

Enhanced Performance and Durability of Pore-Filling Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Four distinct pore-filling anion exchange membranes (PFAEMs) were prepared, and their mechanical properties, ion conductivity, and performance in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) were evaluated. The fabricated PFAEMs demonstrated exceptional tensile strength, which was approximately 14 times higher than that of the commercial membrane, despite being nearly half as thin. Ion conductivity measurements revealed that acrylamide-based membranes outperformed benzyl-based ones, exhibiting 25% and 41% higher conductivity when using crosslinkers with two and three crosslinking sites, respectively.

Effect of Anion-Conducting Electrolytes in Pore-Filling Membranes on Performance and Durability in Water Electrolysis.

This study examines the effect of the structural characteristics of anion-conducting monomers within pore-filling anion exchange membranes on the performance and durability of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. Analysis reveals that acrylamide- and acrylate-based membranes show optimal performance without methyl groups, with acrylamide-based membranes outperforming their acrylate counterparts in current density, particularly at 1.8 V.

System Dynamics Modeling of Scale Formation in Membrane Distillation Systems for Seawater and RO Brine Treatment.

To overcome the limitations of traditional Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination, Membrane Distillation (MD) has gained attention as an effective solution for improving the treatment of seawater and RO brine. Despite its potential, the formation of inorganic scales, particularly calcium sulfate (CaSO), continues to pose a major challenge. This research aims to explore the scaling mechanisms in MD systems through a combination of experimental analysis and dynamic modeling.

Evaluating Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Removal: A Solution Diffusion Model Approach.

Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), including pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), present significant challenges for conventional water treatment processes and pose potential risks to environmental and human health. To address these issues, nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technologies have gained attention. This study aims to evaluate the performance of NF and RO membranes in removing TrOCs from wastewater and develop a predictive model using the Solution Diffusion Model.

Detection of miR-133a-5p Using a Molecular Beacon Probe for Investigating Postmortem Intervals.

When a body is discovered at a crime or murder scene, it is crucial to examine the body and estimate its postmortem interval (PMI). Accurate estimation of PMI is vital for identifying suspects and providing clues to resolve the case. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that remain relatively stable in the cell nucleus even after death-related changes occur.

Harnessing Radiation for Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques, Innovations, and Application.

Nanomaterial properties such as size, structure, and composition can be controlled by manipulating radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beams. This control allows scientists to create materials with desired properties that can be used in a wide range of applications, from electronics to medicine. This use of radiation for nanotechnology is revolutionizing the way we design and manufacture materials.

Electron Holography for Advanced Characterization of Permanent Magnets: Demagnetization Field Mapping and Enhanced Precision in Phase Analysis.

This review explores a method of visualizing a demagnetization field () within a thin-foiled NdFeB specimen using electron holography observation. Mapping the is critical in electron holography as it provides the only information on magnetic flux density. The map within a NdFeB thin foil, derived from this method, showed good agreement with the micromagnetic simulation result, providing valuable insights related to coercivity.

Numerical Study on the Static Bending Response of Cracked Wind Turbine Blades Reinforced with Graphene Platelets.

With the growing demand for wind energy, the development of advanced materials for wind turbine support structures and blades has garnered significant attention in both industry and academia. In previous research, the authors investigated the incorporation of graphene platelets (GPLs) into wind turbine blades, focusing on the structural performance and cost-effectiveness relative to conventional fiberglass composites. These studies successfully demonstrated the potential advantages of GPL reinforcement in improving blade performance and reducing the blade's weight and costs.

Valence State and Catalytic Activity of Ni-Fe Oxide Embedded in Carbon Nanotube Catalysts.

The catalytic activity of Ni-Fe oxide embedded in CNTs was investigated in terms of valence states and active oxygen species. Ni-Fe oxides were prepared by the sol-gel combustion process, and Ni-Fe oxides embedded in CNT catalysts were synthesized by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method. The lattice structure of the Ni-Fe oxide catalysts was analyzed, and the lattice distortion was increased with the addition of Fe.

Extract and Its Active Metabolite α-Cyperone Alleviates Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain via the Modulation of the Norepinephrine Pathway.

Background: Paclitaxel is a widely used anticancer drug for ovarian, lung, breast, and stomach cancers; however, its clinical use is often limited by the side effects of peripheral neuropathy. This study evaluated the effects of () extract and its active metabolite, α-cyperone, on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.

Methods: The oral administration of extract at doses of 500 mg/kg and intraperitoneal administration of α-cyperone at doses of 480 and 800 μg/kg prevented both the development of cold and mechanical pain.

The Role of Diet, Additives, and Antibiotics in Metabolic Endotoxemia and Chronic Diseases.

: Dietary patterns, including high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets (HFDs and HCDs), as well as non-dietary factors such as food additives and antibiotics, are strongly linked to metabolic endotoxemia, a critical driver of low-grade chronic inflammation. This review explores the mechanisms through which these factors impair intestinal permeability, disrupt gut microbial balance, and facilitate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation into the bloodstream, contributing to metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. : The analysis integrates findings from recent studies on the effects of dietary components and gut microbiota interactions on intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammation.