Single-cell transcriptomics of bronchoalveolar lavage during PRRSV infection with different virulence.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry due to its high genetic diversity and different virulence levels, which complicate disease management and vaccine development. This study evaluated longitudinal changes in the immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the clinical outcomes across PRRSV strains with varying virulence, using techniques including single-cell transcriptomics. In highly virulent infection, faster viral replication results in an earlier peak lung-damage time point, marked by significant interstitial pneumonia, a significant decrease in macrophages, and an influx of lymphocytes.

Epidemiologic survey for work-related idiopathic interstitial pneumonias focusing on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Korea, 2010-2022.

Objective: This study aimed to share the process of epidemiologic survey and demonstrate the decisive factors for evaluating work-related Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) in Korea.

Methods: Data and reports of epidemiologic surveys were investigated and completed during 2010-2022.

Results: A total of 228 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) cases requested for an epidemiologic survey, of which 153 (67.

A novel clinical investigation using deep learning and human-in-the-loop approach in orbital volume measurement.

Orbital volume assessment is crucial for surgical planning. Traditional methods lack efficiency and accuracy. Recent studies explore AI-driven techniques, but research on their clinical effectiveness is limited.

Internalization of Ionic Transport Ability of Polymer Semiconductors via Photochemical Cross-Linking.

In the field of organic electronics and optics, there is rapidly growing interest in enhancing both charge transport and the ion transport properties of semiconductors, particularly in light of recent emerging technologies such as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and switchable organic nanoantennas. Herein, we propose a universal method for internalizing the ionic transport properties of conventional polymer semiconductors. The incorporation of a tetrafluorophenyl azide-based photochemical cross-linker with a tetraethylene glycol bridge into poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) significantly enhances the performance and operational stability of ion-gating devices.

Receptor-ligand interactions for optimized endocytosis in targeted therapies.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis plays a crucial role in the success of numerous therapies and remains central to advancing drug development. This process begins with ligand binding to specific receptors, triggering the internalization and intracellular trafficking of receptor-ligand complexes. These complexes are subsequently directed into distinct routes, either toward lysosomal degradation or recycling to the cell surface, with implications for therapeutic outcomes.

Mangiferin Protects Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against DNA Damage and Cellular Aging via SIRT1 Activation.

The protective effects of mangiferin (MAG) against etoposide- and high glucose (HG)-induced DNA damage and aging were investigated in human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, was used to induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) in hBM-MSCs, resulting in increased genotoxicity, elevated levels of the DNA damage sensor ATM and CDKN1A, and decreased levels of the aging markers H3 and H4. MAG activated AMPK and SIRT1, thus protecting against DSB-induced damage.

The potential of lazertinib and amivantamab combination therapy as a treatment strategy for uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pose therapeutic challenge due to limited response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study presents preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights into the combination of lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI; and amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody, for treating NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations. The lazertinib-amivantamab combination demonstrates significant antitumor activity in patient-derived models with uncommon EGFR mutations either before treatment or after progressing on EGFR-TKIs.

Psychiatric disorders in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in Korea.

Background: Although adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors have an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, limited evidence has been suggested. We aimed to determine the risk of psychiatric disorders among AYA cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study based on the Korea National Health Insurance Service database was carried out.

An open-label, phase IB/II study of abemaciclib with paclitaxel for tumors with CDK4/6 pathway genomic alterations.

Background: Disruption of cyclin D-dependent kinases (CDKs), particularly CDK4/6, drives cancer cell proliferation via abnormal protein phosphorylation. This open-label, single-arm, phase Ib/II trial evaluated the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, combined with paclitaxel against CDK4/6-activated tumors.

Patients And Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors with CDK4/6 pathway aberrations were included.

Spatiotemporal distribution of marine aerosols and gaseous species over the North Pacific Ocean.

Observational studies of marine aerosols are essential for understanding the global aerosol budget and its environmental impacts. This study presents simultaneous in-situ measurements of major ionic components (Cl, NO, SO, NH, K, Ca, Na, and Mg) in aerosols and gaseous species (HCl, HNO, HONO, SO, and NH) over the North Pacific Ocean from July 4 to 15 and September 19 to October 3, 2022. Using high temporal resolution instruments aboard the Republic of Korea's icebreaker research vessel Araon, this study aimed to (1) report the spatial and temporal distributions of aerosols and gaseous species, (2) estimate the source contributions of continental anthropogenic pollutants, and (3) assess the influence of aerosol chemical composition and gaseous species on aerosol acidity and water content.

Object detection models and active learning for improvement of e-waste collection management systems in Korea.

This study identifies and analyzes issues within the management system of the waste home appliances free pickup service and seeks to enhance the system by using an object detection model. To overcome the limitations of manually inspecting approximately 5,000 collections per day, the YOLOv8 model was implemented. Photos for proof of collection, which were difficult to verify visually, were excluded from the image data.

Exploring factors influencing body acceptance in women with breast cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Body acceptance in women with breast cancer is a crucial factor related to their physical, psychological health, and quality of life. However, research on the factors influencing body acceptance in this population is lacking. This study aims to identify these factors to provide insights for developing tailored interventions.

Improving flood-prone areas mapping using geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI): A non-parametric algorithm enhanced by math-based metaheuristic algorithms.

Flooding presents substantial dangers to human lives and infrastructure, underscoring the need to map flood-prone areas to implement effective mitigation measures precisely. Although machine learning algorithms have made great strides, their accuracy in flood susceptibility mapping (FSM) remains limited due to data dependence, interpretability, and explainability issues, overfitting, generalization difficulties, and hyperparameter tuning. This study suggests combining the Decision Tree (DT) algorithm with advanced, math-based metaheuristic optimization algorithms to address these limitations.

Electrolyte reactivity on electrode surfaces for active species formation and Reactive Red X-3B degradation in electrochemical treatment of dyeing wastewater.

The pivotal role of electrolytes such as NaSO and NaCl in electrochemical treatment of dyeing wastewater was investigated by comparing recalcitrant Reactive Red X-3B (RRX-3B) degradation rates, active species formation and intermediates generation in a double-chamber cell. It was found that similar reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in the anodic chamber are OH and O, in the cathodic chamber is O with different electrolytes, while this is not the case for ROS contribution, RRX-3B degradation kinetic and intermediates. NaCl favored the generation of O, faster decolorization (-N=N- cleavage), and organic intermediates degradation in the anodic chamber.

A region-structured model for early warning of Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission risk in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Malaria cases in the Republic of Korea decreased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic but surged in 2023. Current models inadequately address spatial heterogeneity in transmission dynamics. This study aimed to address this by designing a region-structured model considering spatial heterogeneity based on regional malaria data from high-risk areas.

A Comprehensive Understanding of Tea Metabolome: From Tea Plants to Processed Teas.

Tea () is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world, second only to water. Six main types of teas are produced globally: green, white, black, oolong, yellow, and Pu-erh. Each type has a distinctive taste, quality, and cultural significance.

Web Visualization for Spatiotemporal Genomic Epidemiology, Annotation, and Mutation Dynamics of Orthohantavirus hantanense Using Nextstrain.

The phylogeographic inference approach aims to connect genomic data with epidemiology to understand the spread and evolution of pathogens using visualization of spatiotemporal reconstructions. Orthohantavirus hantanense (HTNV), the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), represents a significant global public health concern. Here, we introduce a localized Nextstrain platform for HTNV, offering a comprehensive resource for facilitating spatiotemporal genomic surveillance and the study of evolutionary dynamics of viral genomes.

Health-related quality of life across menopausal stages among middle-aged Korean women.

Objectives: We examined the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during menopause transition (MT) among middle-aged Korean women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 2,290 middle-aged women who completed web-based questionnaires between 2020 and 2022. Based on self-reported menstrual cycle patterns, menopause status was classified as premenopausal, early or late transition, or postmenopausal.

Rehabilomics Strategies Enabled by Cloud-Based Rehabilitation: Scoping Review.

Background: Rehabilomics, or the integration of rehabilitation with genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other "-omics" fields, aims to promote personalized approaches to rehabilitation care. Cloud-based rehabilitation offers streamlined patient data management and sharing and could potentially play a significant role in advancing rehabilomics research. This study explored the current status and potential benefits of implementing rehabilomics strategies through cloud-based rehabilitation.

Proteomic Characterization of NEDD4 Unveils Its Potential Novel Downstream Effectors in Gastric Cancer.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 (NEDD4) is involved in various cancer signaling pathways, including PTEN/AKT. However, its role in promoting gastric cancer (GC) progression is unclear. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of NEDD4 in GC progression.

Structured Liquid--Liquid Emulsion Stabilized by Surface-Engineered Liquid Metal Droplets as "Mutant" Pickering Emulsifiers.

Liquid metals (LMs), i.e., metals and alloys that exist in a liquid state at room temperature, have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their electronic and rheological properties useful in various cutting-edge technologies.

Intraindividual Comparison of Image Quality Between Low-Dose and Ultra-Low-Dose Abdominal CT With Deep Learning Reconstruction and Standard-Dose Abdominal CT Using Dual-Split Scan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to intraindividually compare the conspicuity of focal liver lesions (FLLs) between low- and ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) with deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and standard-dose CT with model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) from a single CT using dual-split scan in patients with suspected liver metastasis via a noninferiority design.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study enrolled participants who met the eligibility criteria at 2 tertiary hospitals in South Korea from June 2022 to January 2023. The criteria included (a) being aged between 20 and 85 years and (b) having suspected or known liver metastases.

Structural insights into the role of reduced cysteine residues in SOD1 amyloid filament formation.

The formation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) filaments has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although the disulfide bond formed between Cys57 and Cys146 in the active state has been well studied, the role of the reduced cysteine residues, Cys6 and Cys111, in SOD1 filament formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of reduced cysteine residues by determining and comparing cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of wild-type (WT) and C6A/C111A SOD1 filaments under thiol-based reducing and metal-depriving conditions, starting with protein samples possessing enzymatic activity.