Early detection of canine hemangiosarcoma via cfDNA fragmentation and copy number alterations in liquid biopsies using machine learning.

Hemangiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor commonly affecting canines, originating from endothelial cells that line blood vessels, underscoring the importance of early detection. This canine cancer is analogous to human angiosarcoma, and the development of liquid biopsies leveraging cell-free DNA (cfDNA) represents a promising step forward in early cancer diagnosis. In this study, we utilized Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) to analyze fragment sizes and copy number alterations (CNAs) in cfDNA from 21 hemangiosarcoma-affected and 36 healthy dogs, aiming to enhance early cancer detection accuracy through machine learning models.

Intestinal stem cells in intestinal homeostasis and colorectal tumorigenesis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common tumors in the world, is generally proposed to be generated from intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)-positive ISCs are located at the bottom of the crypt and harbor self-renewal and differentiation capacities, serving as the resource of all intestinal epithelial cells and CRC cells as well. Here we review recent progress in ISCs both in non-tumoral and tumoral contexts.

Compositional changes and physiological activities of fresh ginseng extracts prepared at various temperatures in subcritical water.

Background: Subcritical water (SW) is regarded as an effective conversion technology for lignocellulosic biomass. The effect of SW on ginseng are limited to evaluate the ginsenoside composition of red ginseng, and there is little information on the effects of SW on fresh ginseng.

Methods: The general characteristics of ginseng extracts (GE) prepared with SW were evaluated in terms of brix, reducing sugar and residual solid content, and compositions of GE was estimated using chromatography.

Non-saponin from maintains blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways to prevent the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: The non-saponin (NS) fraction is an important active component of with multifunctional pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of NSs on multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and autoimmune demyelinating disorder, have not yet been demonstrated.

Purpose: and Methods: The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the pharmacological actions of NSs on movement dysfunctions and the related mechanisms of action using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.

Ginseng as a therapeutic target to alleviate gut and brain diseases via microbiome regulation.

The human gut, which contains a diverse microbiome, plays an important role in maintaining physiological balance and preserving the immune system. The complex interplay between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention due to its profound implications for overall health, particularly for gut and brain disorders. There is emerging evidence that the gut-brain axis (GBA) represents a bidirectional communication system between the CNS and the gastrointestinal tract and plays a pivotal role in regulating many aspects of human health.

Effects of Korean red ginseng on auditory, cognitive, and liver functions in a naturally aged mouse model.

Background: Korean Red Ginseng and ginsenosides have been studied for their efficacy against various diseases, including those related to aging. However, most aging studies use D-galactose to induce aging, which often does not accurately represent natural aging. This study aimed to verify improvements in auditory, cognitive, and liver function through administering red ginseng to an 18-month-old naturally aging mouse model.

Ginsenoside-Re-rich ethanol extract of Panax ginseng berry enhances healthspan extension via mitostasis and NAD metabolism.

Background: Ginseng Berry Concentrate (GBC) enhances exercise capacity in mice, but the effects of its key component, ginsenoside Re (G-Re), on aging and mitochondrial function are not well understood. This study investigates the impact of G-Re on mitophagy and its potential to promote healthy aging.

Methods: Experiments in C2C12 myocytes and HeLa-mitoKeima-PARKIN cells assessed GBC and G-Re's effects on mitophagy, supported by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.

Ethanol extract of lymphanax with gypenoside 17 and ginsenoside Re exerts anti-inflammatory properties by targeting the AKT/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Ginseng is processed into several types such as white ginseng, red ginseng, and black ginseng, according to the processing methods such as drying, steaming, and heating. These processing conditions can change the portion of the useful ingredients. Recently, new processing method was established to develop 'lymphanax', an aged fresh white ginseng prepared under anaerobic condition.

Ginsenoside Rc prevents dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and enhances muscle strength and motor function.

Background: A decline in muscle mass and function can impact the health, disease vulnerability, and mortality of older adults. Prolonged use of high doses of glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), can cause muscle wasting and reduced strength. Ginsenoside Rc (gRc) has been shown to protect muscles by activating the PGC-1α pathway and improving mitochondrial function.

Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) of cancer cells with natural compounds derived from and other plants.

DNA damage is a driver of cancer formation, leading to the impairment of repair mechanisms in cancer cells and rendering them susceptible to DNA-damaging therapeutic approaches. The concept of "synthetic lethality" in cancer clinics has emerged, particularly with the use of PARP inhibitors and the identification of DNA damage response (DDR) mutation biomarkers, emphasizing the significance of targeting DDR in cancer therapy. Novel approaches aimed at genome maintenance machinery are under development to further enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments.

Enhancement of skin regeneration through activation of signaling pathway by meyer non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicles.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginseng non-edible callus-derived extracellular vesicle (GNEV) on skin regeneration, particularly focusing on its impact on proliferation and migration in human dermal fibroblast (HDF).

Methods: GNEV was isolated from ginseng non-edible callus using sequential filtration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The extracellular vesicle was characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA).

Unlocking biochar impacts on abiotic stress dynamics: a systematic review of soil quality and crop improvement.

Global agricultural challenges, especially soil degradation caused by abiotic stresses, significantly reduce crop productivity and require innovative solutions. Biochar (BC), a biodegradable product derived from agricultural and forestry residues, has been proven to significantly enhance soil quality. Although its benefits for improving soil properties are well-documented, the potential of BC to mitigate various abiotic stresses-such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity-and its effect on plant traits need further exploration.

Cryopreservation of primary neonatal rat oligodendrocytes and recapitulation of oligodendrocyte characteristics.

Introduction: , primary rat oligodendrocytes (OLs) are widely used for research on OL development, physiology, and pathophysiology in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Primary culture methods for OLs from rats have been developed and improved over time, but there are still multiple aspects in which efficiency can be boosted.

Methods: To make use of excess oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from primary cultures, a cryopreservation process utilizing a commercially available serum-free cryopreservation medium was established to passage and freeze OPCs at -80°C for later use.

CNT encapsulated nickel-doped hollow porous manganese oxide scaffold as a sulfur cathode host for Li-S battery applications.

Recently, lithium-sulfur batteries have captivated those in the energy storage industry due to the low cost and high theoretical capacity of the sulfur cathode (1675 mA h g). However, to enhance the practical usability of Li-S batteries, it is crucial to address issues such as the insulating nature of sulfur cathodes and the high solubility of lithium polysulfides (LiPS, LiS , 4 ≤ ≤ 8) that cause poor active sulfur utilization. Designing innovative sulfur hosts can effectively overcome sulfur bottlenecks and achieve stable Li-sulfur batteries.

Tailoring of Selective Chemo-Responsiveness in Liquid Crystals via Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals.

Liquid crystals (LCs) are widely used as promising stimuli-responsive materials due to their unique combination of liquid and crystalline properties, providing the capability to sense even molecular-scale events and amplify them into macroscopic optical outputs. However, encoding a high level of selectivity to a specific intermolecular event remains a key challenge, leading to prior studies regarding chemically functionalized LC interfaces. Herein, we propose an integrative strategy to significantly advance the design of chemo-responsive LCs through a deep fundamental understanding on the orientational coupling of LCs with new functional molecules, organic ionic plastic crystals (OIs), presented at LC interfaces.

High-Density CuBiO Photocathodes Using Well-Textured Buffer Layers and Their Unassisted Solar Hydrogen Production Performances.

Solar hydrogen production using photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells requires the selection of cost-effective materials with high photoactivity and durability. CuBiO photocathodes possess an appropriate bandgap for efficient hydrogen production. However, their performance is limited by poor charge transport and interface voids formed due to the porous structure during annealing, which complicates the deposition of passivation overlayers.

Impact of Spatial Presence on Charitable Behavior in the Metaverse: A Moderated Mediation Model of Norm Message and Involvement with Charity.

With the rapid development of virtual technology, the metaverse has become an influential communication tool driving engagement in prosocial behavior. This study examined whether spatial presence in a metaverse affects charitable involvement and prosocial behavior. Additionally, it explored the impact of descriptive norms in the metaverse, validated as effective in the physical world.

Risk of Variceal Bleeding in Patients Receiving Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Real-world data on the variceal bleeding (VB) risk in patients receiving atezolizumab-bevacizumab (Atezo-Bev) treatment remain limited. This study aimed to assess the risk of VB and identify risk factors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving Atezo-Bev treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included 640 patients with HCC who underwent endoscopy before Atezo-Bev treatment at two hospitals in Korea.

Effect of Hydration States on the Anti-Icing/Frosting Performance of Zwitterionic Hydrogel-Coated Surfaces.

Zwitterionic polymers have gained considerable research attention because of their unique properties and have been widely used in many biomedical and electrochemical applications. Recently, zwitterionic polymers have been investigated for use as anti-icing/frosting surfaces; however, key factors influencing their anti-icing/frosting performance and effectiveness under real operational conditions remain underexplored. Therefore, in this study, we quantitatively analyze the hydration states of zwitterionic hydrogels synthesized from polymerizable zwitterions, such as carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA).

Unlocking the Potential of miRNAs in Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis: From Pathophysiology to Precision Medicine.

The clinical syndrome appears as a dysregulated host response to infection that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction known as Sepsis. Sepsis is a serious public health concern where for every five deaths in ICU there is one patient who dies with sepsis worldwide. Sepsis is featured as unbalanced inflammation and immunosuppression which is sustained and profound, increasing patient susceptibility to secondary infections and mortality.

A descriptive analysis of nurses' self-reported mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: An international study.

Aim: To describe the self-reported mental health of nurses from 35 countries who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: There is little occupationally specific data about nurses' mental health worldwide. Studies have documented the impact on nurses' mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, but few have baseline referents.

Cellular Behaviors of Human Dermal Fibroblasts on Pyrolytically Stripped Carbon Nanofiber's Surface.

There has been limited exploration of carbon nanofiber as a scaffold for cellular attachment and proliferation. In this work, commercially available, pyrolytically stripped carbon nanofiber (cCNF) is deposited over electrospun nanofiber mats, polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), to immobilize them and investigate whether the 3D cCNF layer's surface augments cell proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (nHDF). Spectral characterizations, such as XRD and Raman, show that cCNF exhibited crystalline structure with a high graphitization degree.