Molecular characterization of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus detected in Vietnamese pigs.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel porcine coronavirus that was recently identified in southern China in 2017. At present, there is a lack of nationwide epidemiological investigations of the newly emerged SADS-CoV. Because Vietnam is geographically adjacent to southern China, many diseases have spread from China to Vietnam.

Secreted LGALS3BP facilitates distant metastasis of breast cancer.

Background: Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) can be treated with endocrine therapy targeting ER, however, metastatic recurrence occurs in 25% of the patients who have initially been treated. Secreted proteins from tumors play important roles in cancer metastasis but previous methods for isolating secretory proteins had limitations in identifying novel targets.

Methods: We applied an in situ secretory protein labeling technique using TurboID to analyze secretome from tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) BC.

A robust multimodal brain MRI-based diagnostic model for migraine: validation across different migraine phases and longitudinal follow-up data.

Inter-individual variability in symptoms and the dynamic nature of brain pathophysiology present significant challenges in constructing a robust diagnostic model for migraine. In this study, we aimed to integrate different types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), providing structural and functional information, and develop a robust machine learning model that classifies migraine patients from healthy controls by testing multiple combinations of hyperparameters to ensure stability across different migraine phases and longitudinally repeated data. Specifically, we constructed a diagnostic model to classify patients with episodic migraine from healthy controls, and validated its performance across ictal and interictal phases, as well as in a longitudinal setting.

Standardized patient profile review using large language models for case adjudication in observational research.

Using administrative claims and electronic health records for observational studies is common but challenging due to data limitations. Researchers rely on phenotype algorithms, requiring labor-intensive chart reviews for validation. This study investigates whether case adjudication using the previously introduced Knowledge-Enhanced Electronic Profile Review (KEEPER) system with large language models (LLMs) is feasible and could serve as a viable alternative to manual chart review.

Isolation of New Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Vaginal Microbiome of Postmenopausal Women and their Probiotic Characteristics.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), traditionally consumed as fermented foods, are now being applied to the medical field beyond health-functional food as probiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously discover and evaluate new strains with suitable probiotic characteristics, mainly focusing on safety. In this study, we isolated eight new strains from postmenopausal vaginal fluid using culturomics approaches, an emerging area of interest.

Deep learning-integrated MRI brain tumor analysis: feature extraction, segmentation, and Survival Prediction using Replicator and volumetric networks.

The most prevalent form of malignant tumors that originate in the brain are known as gliomas. In order to diagnose, treat, and identify risk factors, it is crucial to have precise and resilient segmentation of the tumors, along with an estimation of the patients' overall survival rate. Therefore, we have introduced a deep learning approach that employs a combination of MRI scans to accurately segment brain tumors and predict survival in patients with gliomas.

Development of HRP-assisted rGO-FET biosensors for high-precision measurement of serological steroid hormones.

Background: Sarcopenia, which is associated with many pathways and molecular mechanisms, not only deteriorates the quality of life in old age but is also linked to various diseases. The ratio between cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) was utilized as a candidate method to diagnose sarcopenia. The hormones can fluctuate in concentration throughout the day, so monitoring the ratio between the two hormones is necessary.

Serially coupled columns enhance rapid separation and predictive interaction understanding of 93 fentanyl analogs.

Background: The simplicity of synthesis methods has facilitated the illegal manufacture of various fentanyl analogs, leading to numerous fatal overdoses worldwide, particularly in North America. Fentanyl analogs with similar structures are difficult to distinguish due to their fragmentation patterns, making separation using chromatography essential. Additionally, because fentanyl analogs are lethal even in trace amounts, they are easily smuggled, and commonly used fentanyl test strips often fail to detect them due to their low sensitivity.

Epitalon-activated telomerase enhance bovine oocyte maturation rate and post-thawed embryo development.

Telomerase is highly expressed in oocyte cumulus cells and plays a significant role in follicular development and oocyte maturation. In this study, we hypothesized that in vitro culture conditions may affect telomerase activity during in vitro embryo production (IVP) and that its activation may improve embryo quality. We first examined telomerase protein levels and localization in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes via immunofluorescence assays.

Association of Post-procedure Ankle-Brachial Index with Outcomes Following Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Femoropopliteal Artery Disease.

Endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal artery (FPA) disease with Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may face complications such as arterial recoil, dissection, and residual stenosis. Angiography has limited accuracy for evaluating blood flow through revascularized target lesions. Thus, there is a need for post-procedure hemodynamic assessment in treated limbs.

Reproductive toxicity of perfluorobutane sulfonate in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Impacts on oxidative stress, hormone disruption and HPGL axis dysregulation.

Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals extensively used in consumer products. Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), a short-chain PFAS, has been introduced as an alternative to long-chain PFAS, but limited studies have investigated its reproductive toxicity in fish. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to PFBS at concentrations of 0.

New users of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are at low risk of incident pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Aim: We aimed to investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are associated with a decreased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to other glucose lowering medications (oGLMs).

Methods: This active-comparator, new-user cohort study used the nationwide National Health Insurance Service database of the Republic of Korea from September 2014 to June 2020. From 79,423 new users of SGLT2is and 294,707 new users of oGLMs, we used a propensity score to match 59,954 from each of these two treatment groups.

Wintering loons in South Korea face an ongoing threat from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Shifting sources and potential DNA damage.

Diving birds, particularly those sharing coastal habitats with fishing grounds, are at risk from oil pollution. Despite documented cases of bird mortality, the specific role of oil pollution in these death remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study examined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, its sources, and its impact on loon health.

Adverse impact of metabolic dysfunction on fibrosis regression following direct-acting antiviral therapy: A multicenter study for chronic hepatitis C.

Background/aims: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) effectively eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study investigated whether metabolic dysfunction influences the likelihood of fibrosis regression after DAA treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study included 8,819 patients diagnosed with CHC who were treated with DAAs and achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) between January 2014 and December 2022.

Dual-target magneto-immunoassay with bifunctional nanohybrids for breast cancer exosome detection.

Exosomes, crucial for intercellular communication, hold potential as noninvasive liquid biopsy biomarkers especially in early breast cancer detection benefitted from the distinctive "cancer signature" on their membrane surface. Yet, the present methodologies of exosomes for breast cancer detection have involved the implementation of only a single member from the tetraspanin protein group as a biomarker. Moreso, due to the high concentration of exosomes in complex body fluids, there is a compelling need to measure a small concentration of cancer-derived exosomes with a low background noise signal.

Long-term efficacy and safety of perampanel monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed or currently untreated recurrent focal-onset seizures: Results from the open-label extension phase of FREEDOM (Study 342).

Objective: FREEDOM (Study 342; NCT03201900) assessed the long-term treatment effect of perampanel monotherapy in adolescent and adult patients (12-74 years of age) with untreated focal-onset seizures (FOS), with or without focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS).

Methods: In the Core Study, after a 4-week Pretreatment Phase, perampanel was up-titrated to 4 mg/day during a 6-week Titration Period followed by a 26-week Maintenance Period. Patients experiencing seizure(s) during the 4-mg/day Maintenance Period could have perampanel up-titrated to 8 mg/day over 4 weeks then could enter the 26-week 8-mg/day Maintenance Period.

Targeting JNK3 for Alzheimer's disease: Design and synthesis of novel inhibitors with aryl group diversity utilizing wide pocket.

JNK3, a brain-specific stress-activated protein kinase, plays a critical role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis through phosphorylation of Tau and APP. This study aimed to develop selective JNK3 inhibitors based on a pyrazole scaffold, focusing on (E)-1-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-4-styryl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives. Through systematic structural modifications and extensive SAR analysis, we identified compounds 24a and 26a as highly potent JNK3 inhibitors, with IC values of 12 and 19 nM, respectively.

Environmental noise exposure and autoimmune diseases: Evidence from a national cohort study.

Exposure to environmental noise is an inevitable factor and may pose a risk to health conditions, even potentially affecting the immune system. However, the relationship between noise exposure and autoimmune diseases has not been well explored. This study aimed to investigate whether noise exposure is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases in South Korea.

Ribosomal proteins mediate non-canonical regulation of gut inflammatory signature by crop contaminant deoxynivalenol.

Deoxynivalenol (DON), a prevalent mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, contaminates global agricultural products and poses significant health risks, particularly to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. DON exposure disrupts ribosomal function, inducing stress responses linked to various inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we elucidate a novel regulatory mechanism involving ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL13A and RPS3, which mediate proinflammatory chemokine production in DON-exposed gut epithelial cells.

Filter-assisted sample preparation for on-site detection using a bi-functional linker-based biosensor demonstrated with Escherichia coli O157:H7.

This study presents an advanced food detection platform that integrates filter-assisted sample preparation (FASP) with a bifunctional linker-based biosensor for on-site detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a model case. FASP isolates bacteria from food samples through multi-filter preprocessing, significantly enhancing the specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the subsequent biosensor analysis. This platform can detect E.

Analysis of initial seizure characteristics in patients with infantile onset genetic epilepsy.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the initial clinical features of infantile-onset genetic epilepsy and compare initial seizure variables and responses to sodium channel blockers between SCN1A and non-SCN1A group.

Methods: We selected 122 patients, comprising 58 patients with SCN1A mutations and 64 patients with mutations in other than SCN1A, from our institutional database.

Results: Patients identified in the SCN1A group tended to present with fever, prolonged seizure duration, and hemiclonic seizure semiology.

Enzyme-assisted Rosa davurica mitigates UV-induced skin photodamage by modulating apoptosis through Nrf2/ARE and MAPK/NF-κB pathways.

Exposure to UV irradiation results in abnormal, extensive apoptosis of skin cells. This excessive cell death can promote inflammation and alter the microenvironment, increasing the risk of skin cancer. Despite extensive research, few materials are effective at simultaneously protecting against both UVA and UVB irradiation.

A common data model for oral anticoagulants-related risk of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage.

Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a major complication associated with oral anticoagulation which results in a high mortality rate, and the incidence of anticoagulant-induced sICH has increased markedly, so it is necessary to investigate the risk of anticoagulation-related sICH in a real-world setting. We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of oral anticoagulant-related sICH using a common data model (CDM), and to determine whether a clinical study using the CDM would be comparable to conventional studies. After converting the various clinical codes of 12,821 patients taking oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM format, we analyzed the incidence and risk factors of sICH.

Design and optimization of hybrid seawater reverse osmosis-solar-driven desalination-pressure retarded osmosis system for energy efficient desalination maximizing economic potential.

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO)-pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid desalination system is being actively researched to reduce energy consumption by generating energy in the PRO. However, the SWRO-PRO hybrid system still faces the following challenges: low freshwater recovery and low energy generation. To resolve these challenges, this study first proposes a novel SWRO-Solar-driven desalination (SD)-PRO hybrid system for energy-efficient desalination.