9,250 results match your criteria: "Republic of Ireland; National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders[Affiliation]"

Microbial enzymes as powerful natural anti-biofilm candidates.

Microb Cell Fact

December 2024

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa, 11152, Egypt.

Bacterial biofilms pose significant challenges, from healthcare-associated infections to biofouling in industrial systems, resulting in significant health impacts and financial losses globally. Classic antimicrobial methods often fail to eradicate sessile microbial communities within biofilms, requiring innovative approaches. This review explores the structure, formation, and role of biofilms, highlighting the critical importance of exopolysaccharides in biofilm stability and resistance mechanisms.

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Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

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Catalogue of inherited autosomal recessive disorders found amongst the Roma population of Europe.

Eur J Med Genet

December 2024

Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Children's' Health Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Children's Health Ireland, Temple Street Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Electronic address:

Background: The Roma population are an endogamous, genetically isolated, minority population who migrated from North-Western India to Europe from the 10 Century throughout the Byzantine period and continues to the present day. Approximately 10-12 million Romani people reside in segregated settlements in Europe, and smaller populations live in North America and China. In addition to the endogamy, they also practice consanguinity.

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Therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX) is an adjunctive treatment for patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and kidney involvement. Little is known about the effect of PLEX on early changes in kidney function. This post-hoc analysis of the PEXIVAS trial investigated the effects of PLEX on changes in kidney function within 12 months.

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Background: The adoption of healthy self-care practices has proven necessary for professional life, as they often serve as a shield against stressors in the workplace. The COVID-19 pandemic created a high strain on general practitioners (GPs), contributing to increased workload, burnout, and anxiety. The present study aimed to identify self-care practices adopted by GPs amid the COVID-19 pandemic; and to explore the relationships between self-care practices and risk of distress.

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Objective: To determine the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcome in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: For treatment-resistant depression, 233 participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of COMP360 psilocybin (a proprietary, pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation, developed by the sponsor, Compass Pathfinder Ltd.) with psychological support.

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Article Synopsis
  • The text discusses the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), specifically PCV10 and PCV13, on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) globally, highlighting how these vaccines have reduced the prevalence of disease caused by vaccine-type serotypes after extensive use.
  • It describes the methodology of data collection from various surveillance sites, which aimed to evaluate IPD cases that occurred five years after the vaccines were implemented, focusing on different age groups for analysis.
  • Findings indicate significant differences in serotype distribution between PCV10 and PCV13 sites; notably, certain serotypes, such as 19A and serotype 3, were prevalent in specific age groups, signaling ongoing challenges in controlling
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Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in all ages.

Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases and population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 in their national immunisation programmes and with a primary series uptake of at least 50%.

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Aims: Atypical ductal hyperplasia and flat epithelial atypia (FEA) have defined diagnostic criteria, yet there is variation in the interpretation of these criteria, particularly when the atypia is present in a background of columnar cell lesions (CCLs). This study focuses upon cases which are especially challenging or difficult to classify reproducibly according to existing criteria.

Methods And Results: Thirteen breast pathology experts were asked to classify 10 challenging cases with CLLs as atypical or non-atypical.

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SARS-CoV-2 introductions to the island of Ireland: a phylogenetic and geospatiotemporal study of infection dynamics.

Genome Med

December 2024

Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.

Background: Ireland's COVID-19 response combined extensive SARS-CoV-2 testing to estimate incidence, with whole genome sequencing (WGS) for genome surveillance. As an island with two political jurisdictions-Northern Ireland (NI) and Republic of Ireland (RoI)-and access to detailed passenger travel data, Ireland provides a unique setting to study virus introductions and evaluate public health measures. Using a substantial Irish genomic dataset alongside global data from GISAID, this study aimed to trace the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 across the island.

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Giraffe (Giraffa spp.) are among the most unique extant mammals in terms of anatomy, phylogeny, and ecology. However, aspects of their evolution, ontogeny, and taxonomy are unresolved, retaining lingering questions that are pivotal for their conservation.

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Motivation of Veterinary Public Health Faculties Across Veterinary Schools of the British Isles.

J Vet Med Educ

December 2024

Massey University Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa, Institute of Education, Te Kura o Te Mātauranga Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Veterinary public health (VPH) is a critical role of veterinarians regardless of their chosen career pathway and it is the role of VPH academics to inspire veterinary students within this essential topic. However, the alarming shortage of veterinarians has led to a significant reduction in veterinary policy makers and epidemiologists. The engagement of new graduates in public health roles is heavily influenced by their undergraduate teaching and extramural study opportunities.

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Many printed electronic applications require strain-independent electrical properties to ensure deformation-independent performance. Thus, developing printed, flexible devices using 2D and other nanomaterials will require an understanding of the effect of strain on the electrical properties of nano-networks. Here, novel AC electrical techniques are introduced to fully characterize the effect of strain on the resistance of high-mobility printed networks, fabricated from of electrochemically exfoliated MoS nanosheets.

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Background: In recent years, the increasing incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) has attracted widespread public attention; however, the available effective treatments are limited. As a result, new therapeutic approaches, including stem cell and exosome therapies, have been proposed and are gradually gaining popularity. Because exosomes are immunocompatible, there is thought to be more potential for their use in clinical settings.

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Background: MUC1 and UMOD pathogenic variants cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD). MUC1 is expressed in kidney, nasal mucosa and respiratory tract, while UMOD is expressed only in kidney. Due to haplo-insufficiency ADTKD-MUC1 patients produce approximately 50% of normal mucin-1.

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Background: Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death globally for people aged 5-29 years, with 90% of mortality occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The STABLE (Slashing Two-wheeled Accidents by Leveraging Eyecare) trial was designed to determine whether providing spectacles could reduce risk among young myopic motorcycle users in Vietnam.

Methods: This investigator-masked, stepped-wedge, cluster randomised naturalistic driving trial will recruit 625 students aged 18-23 years, driving ≥ 50 km/week, with ≥ 1-year driving experience and using motorcycles as their primary means of transport, in 25 clusters of 25 students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

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Background: Breastfeeding, acknowledged for its critical health benefits for both infants and mothers, remains markedly underutilized in Ireland, which reports the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe. Recent data indicate that fewer than 60% of Irish mothers initiate breastfeeding at birth, with this rate precipitously declining in the subsequent weeks postpartum. Various sociocultural, psychological, and educational elements, such as prenatal breastfeeding education, influence this persistently low prevalence.

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Introduction: Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and macrovascular invasion (MVI) are recommended to receive systemic therapy according to guidelines. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and surgery are increasingly used in this patient population. This study compares outcomes from these local treatments.

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Do antibiotics prior to dental extractions reduce adverse post-operative outcomes?

Evid Based Dent

December 2024

Independent Researcher and Specialist in Dental Public Health, Paris, France.

Design: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate whether antibiotic prophylaxis reduced or increased post-operative complications following dental extractions.

Sample Selection: The cohort included 269,003 patients. In terms of participants, this sample consisted of Veteran Affairs Dental patients, who attended for a dental extraction between 01/01/2015- 31/12/2019.

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For people with diabetes, controlling blood glucose level (BGL) is a significant issue since the disease affects how the body metabolizes food, which makes careful insulin regulation necessary. Patients have to manually check their blood sugar levels, which can be laborious and inaccurate. Many variables affect BGL changes, making accurate prediction challenging.

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Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of the Ethanol Extracts from the Aerial Parts of (Adolf.) Lipsch. Growing in Kazakhstan.

Molecules

December 2024

School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland.

is a lesser-known plant species belonging to the genus that grows in Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of the ethanolic, water, and hydroethanolic extracts from the aerial parts of by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS to isolate the major compound isoquercitrin by HSCCC (High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography) and to determine the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts produced with this plant. Fingerprinting of the analyzed extracts showed the presence of a multitude of metabolites comprising polyphenols, organic acids, and coumarins, and only trace quantities of cardiac glycosides in the analyzed samples.

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Background: There are no clinical or laboratory markers that can diagnose acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) accurately. This study aimed to find differences in clinical and laboratory markers between arterial occlusive AMI and other acute abdominal diseases where AMI was initially suspected.

Methods: This was a post hoc study of an international prospective multicenter study where data on patients with suspected AMI were collected.

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Lithium Use During Pregnancy in 14 Countries.

JAMA Netw Open

December 2024

Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Importance: In pregnancy, the benefits of lithium treatment for relapse prevention in psychiatric conditions must be weighed against potential teratogenic effects. Currently, there is a paucity of information on how and when lithium is used by pregnant women.

Objective: To examine lithium use in the perinatal period.

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Design and fabrication of an aluminium oxide cutting insert with an internal cooling channel.

Adv Manuf

March 2024

Centre of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.

This paper presents the design and fabrication of an aluminium oxide cutting insert with an internal cooling channel formed through an additive manufacturing method. The formed insert is subjected to a controlled densification process and analysed through a series of characterisation investigations. The purpose of the study is to develop the design concept and analyse the forming and sintering parameters used in the lithographic ceramic manufacturing process.

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Positive Reinforcement: Balancing Negative and Positive Feedback for Comprehensive Improvement.

J Dent

December 2024

Professor and Honorary Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, BDS Programme Lead at the School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. Electronic address:

Patient feedback plays a vital role in healthcare, offering insights into the quality of care and promoting professional development. Despite the emphasis on feedback collection from regulatory bodies, institutional policies appear to focus on processing complaints and negative feedback over positive feedback. The aim of this study is to investigate the processes relevant to the systematic logging of patient feedback in the dental hospitals across the UK and the Republic of Ireland.

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