Impacts of frailty on health care costs among community-dwelling older adults: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Background: The demands for health care services from the frail elderly individuals in the community continue to increase, which will exert a tremendous burden on health care costs. However, little is known regarding the magnitude of these impacts. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence to explore the impact of frailty on health care costs among community-dwelling older adults.

Menopause and frailty: a scoping review.

Importance And Objective: Frailty refers to the decline in physiological reserve capacity caused by the deterioration of multiple physiological systems (brain, endocrine system, immune system, and skeletal muscle), leading to increased vulnerability and decreased stress capacity. Women have a higher prevalence of frailty than men, although the epidemiological factors underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Menopause and menopause-related characteristics may be among the contributing factors.