High mortality associated with avian reoviral hepatitis in young quail ().

High mortality in bobwhite quail chicks () (35%-85%) was reported from a grower flock in Iowa during July and August of 2022. Two diagnostic submissions of dead, 3-day-old quail chicks were received. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal, pinpoint, pale tan foci in the liver of all birds.

Zoonoses in dog and cat shelters in North-East Italy: update on emerging, neglected and known zoonotic agents.

Introduction: Shelters for stray dogs and cats deserve careful monitoring for zoonotic risk, as they represent a crucial point for prevention and control of infection spread. Data sorting to prioritize zoonotic agents in a geographic area need constant updating, but no regular official programs are ongoing, to allow an efficient risk survey for these animal species. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the prevalence of certain known, potential and emerging zoonoses within the framework of the routine monitoring of dog and cat shelters in North-East Italy.

Comparison of transcriptome responses in blood cells of Atlantic salmon infected by three genotypes of Piscine orthoreovirus.

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection is common in aquaculture of salmonids. The three known PRV genotypes (PRV-1-3) have host species specificity and cause different diseases, but all infect and replicate in red blood cells (RBCs) in early infection phase. PRV-1 is the causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), PRV-2 causes erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), while PRV-3 induces HSMI-like disease in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Melanisation in Salmonid Skeletal Muscle: A Review.

Melanisation can occur in the musculature of fish. A well-known form is the melanised focal changes, or 'black spots', in the fillet of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The aetiology of black spots has not been fully determined, though recent research has emphasised the role of fat necrosis in their development.

Avian reovirus infection in turkeys with neurological disease in Alberta.

Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous and play a role in diseases affecting various organs in chickens and turkeys. In recent years, tenosynovitis and lameness emerged as the most frequently reported clinical conditions. In this report, we describe a case of neurological disease associated with ARV infection in 4-week-old turkeys in Alberta.

Molecular sociology of virus-induced cellular condensates supporting reovirus assembly and replication.

Virus-induced cellular condensates, or viral factories, are poorly understood high-density phases where replication of many viruses occurs. Here, by cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) of focused ion beam (FIB) milling-produced lamellae of mammalian reovirus (MRV)-infected cells, we visualized the molecular organization and interplay (i.e.

Infection with novel duck reovirus induces stress granule and methylation-mediated host translational shutoff in Muscovy ducklings.

The recently identified novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is a waterfowl reovirus that can seriously harm or kill various waterfowl species. However, how NDRV interacts with host cells in Muscovy ducklings beyond the typical pathogenesis resulting from a viral infection is unknown. The current study examined the global translation efficiency of the Fabricius bursa of Muscovy ducklings infected with NDRV HN10 using mass spectrometry and ribosome footprint sequencing.

The disturbance of intestinal microbiome caused by the novel duck reovirus infection in Cherry Valley ducklings can induce intestinal damage.

Novel duck reovirus disease is an infectious disease mainly caused by novel duck reovirus (NDRV), which is characterized by spleen necrosis and persistent diarrhea in ducks. However, the pathogenic mechanism of NDRV infection in Cherry Valley ducks remains unclear. To investigate the distribution of NDRV in the intestines of Cherry Valley ducks, intestinal morphogenesis, intestinal permeability, inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs), we introduced NDRV via intramuscular infection.

Oncolytic avian reovirus-sensitized tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells triggering immunogenic apoptosis in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading malignant disease in numerous countries, including Taiwan with limited therapeutic options. Animal viruses including oncolytic avian reovirus (ARV) have the possibility to avoid pre-existing immunity in humans, while being safe and immunostimulatory. Here, we provide a novel insight into oncolytic ARV and UV-ARV-sensitized patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P-PBMCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) killing primary GC (PGC) cells through the surface TLR3 and TRAIL/DR4/DR5 immunogenic apoptosis pathway.

Strain-specific differences in reovirus infection of murine macrophages segregate with polymorphisms in viral outer-capsid protein σ3.

Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) strains type 1 Lang (T1L) and type 3 Dearing-RV (T3D-RV) infect the intestine in mice but differ in the induction of inflammatory responses. T1L infection is associated with the blockade of oral immunological tolerance to newly introduced dietary antigens, whereas T3D-RV is not. T1L infection leads to an increase in infiltrating phagocytes, including macrophages, in gut-associated lymphoid tissues that are not observed in T3D-RV infection.