Digital Exclusion and Depressive Symptoms among Older People: Findings from Five Aging Cohort Studies across 24 Countries.

Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low- and middle-income nations. However, there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS).

High-temperature field-free superconducting diode effect in high-T cuprates.

The superconducting diode effect (SDE) is defined by the difference in the magnitude of critical currents applied in opposite directions. It has been observed in various superconducting systems and attracted high research interests. However, the operating temperature of the SDE is typically low and/or the sample structure is rather complex.

Improving the Reliability of Language Model-Predicted Structures as Docking Targets through Geometric Graph Learning.

Applying artificial intelligence techniques to flexibly model the binding between the ligand and protein has attracted extensive interest in recent years, but their applicability remains improved. In this study, we have developed CarsiDock-Flex, a novel two-step flexible docking paradigm that generates binding poses directly from predicted structures. CarsiDock-Flex consists of an equivariant deep learning-based model termed CarsiInduce to refine ESMFold-predicted protein pockets with the induction of specific ligands and our existing CarsiDock algorithm to redock the ligand into the induced binding pockets.

Shaping a low-carbon future: Uncovering the spatial-temporal effect of population aging on carbon emissions in China.

Background: With the accelerated development of the aging trend in Chinese society, the aging problem has become one of the key factors affecting sustainable economic and social development. Given the importance of controlling carbon emissions for achieving global climate goals and China's economic transformation, studying the spatial and temporal effects of population aging on carbon emissions and their pathways of action is of great significance for formulating low-carbon development strategies adapted to an aging society.

Objective: This paper aims to explore the spatial-temporal effects of population aging on carbon emissions, identify the key pathways through which aging affects carbon emissions, and further explore the variability of these effects across different regions.

[Progress on the role of N-end rule pathways in protein degradation].

The N-end rule pathway is a protein degradation pathway mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which specifically targets and degrades target proteins by recognizing specific residues at the N-terminus of the proteins. The residues which play a crucial role in the N-end rule pathway are called degrons, also known as N-degrons, as they are usually unstable at the N-terminal end of the protein. Currently, several N-end rule pathways have been identified in the eukaryotes, including the Arg/N-end rule, Ac/N-end rule, and Pro/N-end rule pathways, as well as the recently discovered Gly/N-end rule pathway.

Acquisition of Speech Prosody in a Non-native Tone Language by Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show abnormal speech prosody. Tonal languages can pose more difficulties as speakers need to use acoustic cues to make lexical contrasts while encoding the focal function, but the acquisition of speech prosody of non-native languages, especially tonal languages has rarely been investigated.

Methods: This study aims to fill in the aforementioned gap by studying prosodic focus-marking in Mandarin by native Cantonese-speaking children with ASD (n = 25), in comparison with their typically developing (TD) peers (n = 20) and native Mandarin-speaking children (n = 20).

Large stroke radially oriented MXene composite fiber tensile artificial muscles.

Actuation is normally dramatically enhanced by introducing so much yarn fiber twist that the fiber becomes fully coiled. In contrast, we found that usefully high muscle strokes and contractile work capacities can be obtained for non-twisted MXene (TiCT) fibers comprising MXene nanosheets that are stacked in the fiber direction. The MXene fiber artificial muscles are called MFAMs.

AB-Type Zwitterionic Hydrogel Paint.

Zwitterionic hydrogels exhibit excellent nonfouling and hemocompatibility. However, the practical application of these materials as antifouling coatings for biomedical devices is hindered by several key challenges, including the harsh preparation conditions and the weak coating stability. Here, we present a two-component zwitterionic hydrogel paint for the in situ preparation of robust zwitterionic hydrogel coatings on various substrate surfaces without UV assistance.

Breaking the Cycle: Perceived Control and Teacher-Student Relationships Shield Adolescents from Bullying Victimization over Time.

Background: Bullying victimization remains a grave issue in early adolescence. However, existing research often lacks a longitudinal perspective and sufficient attention to protective factors, particularly the dynamic role of teacher-student relationships.

Objective: This study explores the longitudinal protective mechanisms against bullying victimization, focusing on the roles of perceived control and teacher-student relationships.

Stochastic Gradient Descent for Kernel-Based Maximum Correntropy Criterion.

Maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) has been an important method in machine learning and signal processing communities since it was successfully applied in various non-Gaussian noise scenarios. In comparison with the classical least squares method (LS), which takes only the second-order moment of models into consideration and belongs to the convex optimization problem, MCC captures the high-order information of models that play crucial roles in robust learning, which is usually accompanied by solving the non-convexity optimization problems. As we know, the theoretical research on convex optimizations has made significant achievements, while theoretical understandings of non-convex optimization are still far from mature.

Local Electric Field-Incorporated In-Situ Copper Ions Eliminating Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Drinking Water.

Background/objectives: Pathogen inactivation and harmful gene destruction from water just before drinking is the last line of defense to protect people from waterborne diseases. However, commonly used disinfection methods, such as chlorination, ultraviolet irradiation, and membrane filtration, experience several challenges such as continuous chemical dosing, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and intensive energy consumption.

Methods: Here, we perform a simultaneous elimination of pathogens and ARGs in drinking water using local electric fields and in-situ generated trace copper ions (LEF-Cu) without external chemical dosing.

Theoretical Study on the Excitation Energy Transfer Dynamics in the Phycoerythrin PE555 Light-Harvesting Complex.

Photosynthesis in nature begins with light harvesting. The special pigment-protein complex converts sunlight into electron excitation that is transmitted to the reaction center, which triggers charge separation. Evidence shows that quantum coherence between electron excited states is important in the excitation energy transfer process.

Neural correlates of reciprocity bias: social debts modulate unfairness perception of violation during third-party observation.

The phenomenon of beneficiaries ignoring benefactors' violations, ranging from everyday favors to bribes, is widespread yet lacks targeted theoretical and empirical attention. We propose a conceptual framework that includes "social debt" and "reciprocity bias," where "social debt" is defined as information about benefits bestowed by benefactors and "reciprocity bias" as the influence of social debt on beneficiaries' perceptions and decisions in situations involving the benefactor. To investigate this bias in moral perception and its cognitive-neural mechanisms, we manipulated three levels of social debt (none, less, more) by varying the amount of unasked benefits that benefactors bestowed upon participants.

Unveiling Schizophrenia: a study with generalized functional linear mixed model via the investigation of functional random effects.

Previous studies have identified attenuated pre-speech activity and speech sound suppression in individuals with Schizophrenia, with similar patterns observed in basic tasks entailing button-pressing to perceive a tone. However, it remains unclear whether these patterns are uniform across individuals or vary from person to person. Motivated by electroencephalographic (EEG) data from a Schizophrenia study, we develop a generalized functional linear mixed model (GFLMM) for repeated measurements by incorporating subject-specific functional random effects associated with multiple functional predictors.

The fate of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes during ultrafiltration-ultraviolet-chlorination in a full-scale wastewater tretament plant.

Effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is recognized as a significant source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Advanced treatment processes such as ultrafiltration (UF), ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection, and chlorination have emerged as promising approaches for ARG removal. However, the efficacy of sequential disinfection processes, such as UF-UV-chlorination on intracellular (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs), remains largely unknown.

BACT: nonparametric Bayesian cell typing for single-cell spatial transcriptomics data.

The spatial transcriptomics is a rapidly evolving biological technology that simultaneously measures the gene expression profiles and the spatial locations of spots. With progressive advances, current spatial transcriptomic techniques can achieve the cellular or even the subcellular resolution, making it possible to explore the fine-grained spatial pattern of cell types within one tissue section. However, most existing cell spatial clustering methods require a correct specification of the cell type number, which is hard to determine in the practical exploratory data analysis.

Endowing single-crystal polymers with circularly polarized luminescence.

The preparation of single-crystal polymers with circularly polarized luminesce (CPL) remains a challenging task in chemistry and materials science. Herein, we present the single-crystal-to-single-crystal topochemical photopolymerization of a chiral organic salt to achieve this goal. The in-situ reaction of 1,4-bis((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)benzene (1) with chiral (+)- or (-)-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) gives the monomer crystal 1[( + )/( - )-CSA] showing yellow CPL with a high luminescent dissymmetry factor |g| of 0.

Predictors of Academic Performance Trajectories Across Early and Middle Adolescence: Links with Internalizing and Externalizing Problems.

Although there is ample evidence linking academic and behavioral domains, few studies have examined the long-term, varied impacts of academic performance trajectories on problem behavior outcomes, particularly in early and middle adolescence. This study examined the different three-year academic performance trajectories, their links with behavioral outcomes, and the demographic and educational predictors that distinguish these patterns. The sample consisted of 10,279 Chinese adolescents (46.

Unusual violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law at ultralow temperatures in topological compensated semimetals.

Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity at ultralow temperatures and high magnetic fields are studied in the topological compensated semimetals TaAs, NbAs, and NdSb. A striking phenomenon is observed where the thermal conductivity shows a T scaling at very low temperatures, while the resistivity shows a T-independent residual term. This indicates a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law, since the field dependence of κ shows that the low-temperature thermal conductivity is dominated by electronic transport.

Can climate literacy decrease the gap between pro-environmental intention and behaviour?

Given the increasing intensity of climate change, members of the public perceive its occurrence and participate in pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) that are expected to alleviate severe climate situations. Related scholarship has paid much attention to how determining factors affect public actions and proven the gaps between pro-environmental behavioural intentions (PEBIs) and PEBs, but little research has focused on strategies to bridge the intention-behaviour gap. Hence, this study explores the influence of climate change perception (CCP) on PEBs and the role of climate literacy (CL) in addressing the gap.

Sliding ferroelectric memories and synapses based on rhombohedral-stacked bilayer MoS.

Recent advances have uncovered an exotic sliding ferroelectric mechanism, which endows to design atomically thin ferroelectrics from non-ferroelectric parent monolayers. Although notable progress has been witnessed in understanding the fundamental properties, functional devices based on sliding ferroelectrics remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the rewritable, non-volatile memories at room-temperature with a two-dimensional (2D) sliding ferroelectric semiconductor of rhombohedral-stacked bilayer MoS.

Study protocol: A national cross-sectional study on psychology and behavior investigation of Chinese residents in 2023.

Introduction: This study protocol specifies the primary research line and theoretical framework of the 2023 Survey of the Psychology and Behavior of the Chinese Population. It aims to establish a consistent database of Chinese residents' psychological and behavioral surveys through multi-center and large-sample cross-sectional surveys to provide robust data support for developing research in related fields. It will track the public's physical and psychological health more comprehensively and systematically.

Dual-System Collaborative Model of Prosocial Risky Behavior and Cognitive Computation: A Review.

Prosocial risky behavior (PRB) refers to actions taken at personal risk for the benefit of others or societal welfare, combining risk-taking with prosocial intent, and involving the integrated processing of individual risk and social preferences. Building upon the review and evaluation of the definitions of PRB, existing research tools, theoretical models, and neural mechanisms, this paper elucidates the synergistic interaction and mechanisms of the emotional drive and cognitive reasoning systems in PRB. It constructs a dual-system collaborative model for PRB.