Role of kidney function on Nrf2 mRNA levels in type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication in patients with diabetes and the main contributor to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) global burden. Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in DKD pathogenesis but the role of the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its molecular regulators has been poorly investigated in man.

Research Design And Methods: In this case-control study, we analyzed the roles of Nrf2, a transcription factor shielding cells from oxidative stress, its repressor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and six microRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially suppress Nrf2.

Innate Immunity System in Patients With Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease.

With a global burden of 844 million, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now considered a public health priority. Cardiovascular risk is pervasive in this population, and low-grade systemic inflammation is an established driver of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in these patients. Accelerated cellular senescence, gut microbiota-dependent immune activation, posttranslational lipoprotein modifications, neuroimmune interactions, osmotic and nonosmotic sodium accumulation, acute kidney injury, and precipitation of crystals in the kidney and the vascular system all concur in determining the unique severity of inflammation in CKD.

The Piezo1 hypothesis of renal anemia.

Erythropoietin deficiency is an extensively researched cause of renal anemia. The etiology and consequences of shortened red blood cell (RBC) life span in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are less well understood. Traversing capillaries requires RBC geometry changes, a process enabled by adaptions of the cytoskeleton.

Mathematical Models of Parathyroid Gland Biology: Complexity and Clinical Use.

Altered parathyroid gland biology is a major driver of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in patients with chronic kidney disease. CKD-MBD is associated with a high risk of vascular calcification and cardiovascular events. A hallmark of CKD-MBD is secondary hyperparathyroidism with increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and release and reduced expression of calcium-sensing receptors on the surface of parathyroid cells and eventually hyperplasia of parathyroid gland cells.

Personalized Prediction of Short- and Long-Term PTH Changes in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

Personalized management of secondary hyperparathyroidism is a critical part of hemodialysis patient care. We used a mathematical model of parathyroid gland (PTG) biology to predict (1) short-term peridialytic intact PTH (iPTH) changes in response to diffusive calcium (Ca) fluxes and (2) to predict long-term iPTH levels. We dialyzed 26 maintenance hemodialysis patients on a single occasion with a dialysate Ca concentration of 1.

Arterial oxygen saturation and hypoxemia in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19.

Background: Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are particularly vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral disease that may cause interstitial pneumonia, impaired alveolar gas exchange and hypoxemia. We ascertained the time course of intradialytic arterial oxygen saturation (SaO) in MHD patients between 4 weeks pre-diagnosis and the week post-diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a quality improvement project in confirmed COVID-19 in-center MHD patients from 11 dialysis facilities.

Does Incident Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Lower Blood Pressure?

Background Hypertension remains a leading global cause for premature death and disease. Most treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of risk factors, but not all are known, modifiable, or easily avoided. Population blood pressure correlates with latitude and is lower in summer than winter.

Potassium management in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients: can a diet with increased potassium maintain a normal serum potassium without a potassium supplement?

Hypokalemia can result from an absence of cellular redistribution accompanied by low serum potassium levels, which can be secondary to inadequate dietary intake, external losses (for example, through the gut or skin), or renal losses. However, low serum potassium secondary to low potassium ingestion usually occurs after an extended period of low oral potassium intake. Also, increased renal potassium excretion can be the result of magnesium deficiency.