3,024 results match your criteria: "Renal Arteriovenous Malformation"

Advancements in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Enhancing Arteriovenous Fistula Patency.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% of the world's population. Hemodialysis, along with peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant, is one of the renal replacement therapies offered to patients with CKD/end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To proceed with hemodialysis, vascular access is required.

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Traditionally, computed tomography angiography has been considered the gold standard for diagnosing renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Despite the sensitivity of ultrasound in detecting AVM through Doppler techniques, it often lacks the ability to provide detailed insights into the lesion. In this narrative, we present a case of unexplained hematuria accompanied by flank pain, which was conclusively diagnosed as congenital renal AVM via multimodal ultrasound.

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Fluid-structure interaction in a follow-up study of arterio-venous fistula maturation.

Sci Rep

November 2024

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.

Article Synopsis
  • - Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the ideal vascular access for patients undergoing hemodialysis, created by surgically connecting an artery and vein, but research indicates that many do not function beyond a year.
  • - This study utilized fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling to analyze non-Newtonian blood flow in a specific type of AVF over a 15-week and 1.5-year period, assessing both hemodynamic changes and wall alterations through ultrasound.
  • - Key findings included the presence of counter-rotating vortices affecting pressure, different patterns of blood flow characteristics over time, minimal low-wall shear stress in healthy AVFs, and shifts in areas of maximum wall deformation as time
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Objective: Chronic inflammation's role in the pathogenesis, development, and rupture of vascular malformations is undebated. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques with vessel wall studies, specifically Black Blood (bbMRI), may offer insights into vascular wall instability and predict rupture. This case series aims to assess bbMRI as a predictive diagnostic tool for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) rupture, suggesting early treatment.

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Urine leak and vascular complications following robotic partial nephrectomy: a contemporary single-center experience.

J Robot Surg

October 2024

Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Cancer Institute, 150 East 32 Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Urine leak (UL) and vascular complications (VC) are known potential issues following robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), with UL incidences varying from 0.3 to 17% and VC from 0.8 to 5.6%.
  • In a study involving 447 RAPN patients, there were 9 cases of VC and 9 cases of UL, with most complications occurring in tumors located less than 4 mm from the collecting system.
  • Both complications typically presented early post-surgery, mostly manageable without the need for kidney re-operation or removal, maintaining low overall complication rates in line with other modern studies.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study evaluates the effectiveness and complications associated with various endovascular procedures like angioplasty, stenting, and embolization in different patient groups and vascular diseases.
  • Methods included thorough patient preparation and the use of specialized facilities for conducting the procedures, followed by statistical analysis to assess their outcomes.
  • Results showed high success rates in different cases: balloon angioplasty for PAD had a 73.7% success rate, EVAR for aortic aneurysms had a 96.6% success rate, and coil embolization for PCS had a 100% success rate, with minimal complications reported across the board.
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The Role of Cardio-Renal Inflammation in Deciding the Fate of the Arteriovenous Fistula in Haemodialysis Therapy.

Cells

October 2024

Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Vascular access is an indispensable component of haemodialysis therapy for end-stage kidney disease patients. The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is most common, but importantly, two-year failure rates are greater than fifty percent. AVF failure can occur due to a lack of suitable vascular remodelling, and inappropriate inflammation preventing maturation, or alternatively neointimal hyperplasia and vascular stenosis preventing long-term use.

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Tranexamic Acid Neurotoxicity After Nebulization and BAL.

Chest

October 2024

Department of Pathology, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA.

Article Synopsis
  • Tranexamic acid is often used to stop bleeding in various medical fields, but its potential toxicity, especially when administered through nebulization or BAL, hasn't been fully explored.
  • A case was reported where a 44-year-old man experienced serious side effects after receiving the drug during a bronchoscopy, including changes in mental status and muscle spasms.
  • As the drug's use in lung treatments grows, healthcare providers should be cautious about its toxicity and consider lower doses or alternative treatments for older patients or those with specific health conditions.
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Renal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) represent an uncommon vascular condition characterized by an abnormal direct communication between an intrarenal artery and vein. Though asymptomatic in many individuals, treatment is often indicated if the AVM causes flank pain, hematuria, or medically refractory hypertension, or if there is an associated renal artery aneurysm. We present a case of a large right renal AVM with associated renal artery aneurysm and large varix which was incidentally found on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine.

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The Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction.

Int J Mol Sci

September 2024

Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis is increasing worldwide. Although arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best and most important vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis, its primary maturation failure rate is as high as 60%, which seriously endangers the prognosis of hemodialysis patients. After AVF establishment, the venous outflow tract undergoes hemodynamic changes, which are translated into intracellular signaling pathway cascades, resulting in an outward and inward remodeling of the vessel wall.

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Severe lupus nephritis in a young adult with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome.

BMJ Case Rep

September 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Graubünden, Switzerland

Article Synopsis
  • * Mutations in this gene are linked to hamartoma tumor syndrome, leading to various disorders, including Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba and Cowden syndromes.
  • * A recent case study describes a man in his late 20s with a PTEN mutation, who developed lupus nephritis, indicating a possible connection between the mutation and immune system dysregulation.
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The effect of virtual reality glasses on pain and patient satisfaction in arteriovenous fistula cannulation procedure.

Appl Nurs Res

October 2024

Mersin University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Fundamentals Nursing, Çiftlikköy Campus, 33169 Yenişehir/Mersin, Turkey. Electronic address:

Aims: To determine the effect of virtual reality glasses intervention on pain, vital signs, and patient satisfaction of hemodialysis patients undergoing AVF catheter puncture.

Design: Randomized controlled study.

Methods: The study was conducted in 60 patients receiving dialysis treatment in the HD unit of a public hospital in Turkey.

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Development of a bleeding arteriovenous fistula task trainer.

J Emerg Med

November 2024

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: As end-stage renal disease becomes more prevalent in the United States, the number of Americans with arteriovenous (AV) fistulas continues to increase. One of the most feared complications of AV fistulas is life-threatening hemorrhage, as patients can exsanguinate within minutes.

Objectives: As frontline healthcare workers, emergency medicine (EM) providers need to be able to provide rapid and effective treatment for this rare presentation.

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Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Depression may reportedly contribute to poor prognosis in several ways, including its effects on platelet function. We hypothesised that depression contributes to the occurrence of cardiocerebral vascular events (CCVE) and dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) in patients undergoing MHD through its effects on platelets.

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Flank pain, hypertension, and hematuria: CT and 3D cinematic rendering in the evaluation of renal artery emergencies-a pictorial essay.

Emerg Radiol

December 2024

Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Russell H. Morgan, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Non-traumatic acute renal artery emergencies encompass a spectrum of etiologies, including renal artery stenosis, arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, dissections, thrombosis, and vasculitis. Prompt and accurate diagnosis in the emergency setting is crucial due to the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography (CTA) are the mainstay imaging modalities, offering rapid acquisition and high diagnostic accuracy.

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Hemodialysis therapy is an extracorporeal circulation treatment that serves as a substitute for renal function. In Japan, patients receive this efficient four-hour treatment, three times per week, allowing them to maintain a social life nearly equivalent to that of healthy individuals. Before the treatment, two punctures are performed to establish extracorporeal circulation, and a high blood flow rate is essential to ensure efficient therapy.

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Background: Pulmonary hypertension (pH) is a well-known complication among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) have been associated with pH mainly by increasing cardiac output. However, the burden of precapillary pH in individuals with CKD and an AVF is unclear.

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Hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor associated with cardiovascular mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that hypertension directly or indirectly causes the death of at least nine million people globally every year. The number of people living with hypertension (blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mmHg systolic or ≥90 mmHg diastolic or on medication) doubled between 1990 and 2019, from 650 million to 1.

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Autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a commonly used vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis, and hemodynamic changes are one of the main factors for its failure. To explore the effect of geometry on the hemodynamics in the AVF, a modified model is built with a gradual and smooth turn at the anastomosis and is compared with the traditional model, which has an abrupt sharp turn at the anastomisis. Transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed for the comparison and analysis of the hemodynamic fields of the two models at different stages of the pulse cycle.

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Renal arteriovenous anomalies are uncommon. They are characterized by an abnormal vascular connection that usually bypasses the capillary bed. Most are acquired arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) while the rest are congenital or idiopathic arteriovenous malformations (AVM).

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Gross hematuria is one of the most common complications in postrenal transplant patients, accounting for 12% of all renal recipients. The management plan in these cases varies depending on different entities, including infection, renal cell carcinoma, chronic graft rejection, kidney calculus, or recurrence of primary disease. On the other hand, vascular malformation like arteriovenous malformation was less likely to be mentioned due to a lack of consensus in the natural history, pathogenesis, and current management.

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Introduction: Spontaneous Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young patients is less common and not well studied compared to ICH in older patients. The etiology, risk factors and outcome of ICH in young patients may have regional and ethnic differences. The study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, etiology and outcome of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults in Somalia.

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Few studies have reported the application of vacuum-sealing drainage of infected dialysis vascular access wounds. Herein, we present a case of buttonhole-related arteriovenous fistula infection treated with vacuum-sealing drainage. A 53-year-old female hemodialysis patient was hospitalized with an inflamed arteriovenous fistula.

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Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the optimal form of vascular access for most haemodialysis dependant patients; however, it is prone to the formation of stenoses that compromise utility and longevity. Whilst there are many factors influencing the development of these stenoses, pathological flow-related phenomena may also incite the formation of intimal hyperplasia, and hence a stenosis. Repeated CFD-derived resistance was calculated for six patient who had a radiocephalic AVF, treated with an interwoven nitinol stent around the juxta-anastomotic region to address access dysfunction.

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