Mortality Among Veterans Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Administration Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Study.

Few studies have examined long-term mortality following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a military population. This is a secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal study that examines long-term mortality (up to 10 years) post-TBI, including analyses of life expectancy, causes of death, and risk factors for death in service members and veterans (SM/V) who survived the acute TBI and inpatient rehabilitation. Among 922 participants in the study, the mortality rate was 8.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia With High-Intensity Gait Training in Chronic Stroke: A Phase II Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Studies in individuals with chronic stroke indicate high-intensity training (HIT) focused on walking improves locomotor function, which may be due to repeated activation of locomotor circuits and serotonin-dependent modulation of motor output. Separate studies in animals and individuals with spinal cord injury suggest acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) can augment the effects of locomotor interventions through similar serotonin-dependent mechanisms, although no studies have coupled AIH with HIT in individuals poststroke. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AIH+HIT versus HIT alone in individuals with chronic stroke.

10-year variability in high and low life satisfaction trajectories post-traumatic brain injury: a TBI model systems study.

Purpose: To determine how life satisfaction changes across the first 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Participants included 1,941 individuals from the TBI Model Systems database with life satisfaction data at 1-, 5-, and 10-years post-TBI. Based on Satisfaction With Life Scale scores, individuals were characterized as having one of the five 10-year life satisfaction trajectories: 'Stable High,' 'Stable Low,' 'Increased to High,' 'Decreased to Low,' and 'Unstable.

Prognosis and enhancement of recovery in disorders of consciousness.

Disorders of consciousness after severe brain injury encompass conditions of coma, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, and minimally conscious state. DoC clinical presentation pose perplexing challenges to medical professionals, researchers, and families alike. The outcome is uncertain in the first weeks to months after a brain injury, with families and medical providers often making important decisions that require certainty.

Comparative Efficacy of High-Intensity Training Versus Conventional Training in Individuals With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.

Numerous studies have evaluated the efficacy of interventions to improve locomotion after acute-onset brain injury, although most focus on patients with stroke, with less attention toward traumatic brain injury (TBI). For example, a number of studies in patients post-stroke have evaluated the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) attempting to maximize stepping practice, while no studies have attempted this intervention in patients with TBI. The purpose of this blinded-assessor randomized trial was to evaluate the effects of HIT focused on stepping practice versus conventional training on walking and secondary outcomes in individuals with TBI.

Provider Perspectives of Facilitators and Barriers to Reaching and Utilizing Chronic Pain Healthcare for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Qualitative NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To identify facilitators and barriers to reaching and utilizing chronic pain treatments for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) organized around an Access to Care framework, which includes dimensions of access to healthcare as a function of supply (ie, provider/system) and demand (ie, patient) factors for a specified patient population.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Clinicians (n = 63) with experience treating persons with TBI were interviewed between October 2020 and November 2021.

Provider Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Identifying, Perceiving, and Seeking Healthcare for Chronic Pain After TBI: A Qualitative NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: Identify determinants to chronic pain healthcare for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) informed by an Access to Care Framework. Findings related to the Access Framework's core domains of identifying a need, perceptions of the need, and seeking healthcare are reported.

Setting: Community.

The Interaction of Opiate Misuse and Marijuana Use on Behavioral Health Outcomes Using the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Pain Collaborative Dataset.

Objective: To determine if the interaction of opiate misuse and marijuana use frequency is associated with behavioral health outcomes.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Three thousand seven hundred fifty participants enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems who completed the Pain Survey and had complete opioid use and marijuana use information.

Assessing the benefits and risks of amantadine for irritability and aggression after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To quantify the benefits versus harms of amantadine in the treatment of irritability and aggression following traumatic brain injury.

Methods: Secondary outcome data from a randomized controlled multisite trial of amantadine 100 mg twice daily were used to calculate number-needed-to-treat (NNT). Given prior findings of positive clinician-perceived effects and low incidence of adverse events, we hypothesized low number-needed-to-treat for benefit (NNTB; high benefit) and high number-needed-to-treat for harm (NNTH; low risk) based on the clinician ratings, supporting the use of amantadine in clinical practice.

Characterizing Extreme Phenotypes for Perceived Improvement From Treatment in Persons With Chronic Pain Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To define and characterize extreme phenotypes based on perceived improvement in pain for persons with chronic pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Eighteen Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) Centers.

Participants: A total of 1762 TBIMS participants 1 to 30 years post-injury reporting chronic pain at their most recent follow-up interview.

Characterizing Extreme Phenotypes for Pain Interference in Persons With Chronic Pain Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To define and characterize extreme phenotypes based on pain interference for persons with chronic pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Eighteen Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) Centers.

Participants: A total of 1762 TBIMS participants 1 to 30 years post-injury reporting chronic pain at their most recent follow-up interview.

What Are the Predictors for and Psychosocial Correlates of Chronic Headache After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury?

Objective: Although headache (HA) is a common sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI), early predictors of chronic HA after moderate to severe TBI are not well established, and the relationship chronic HA has with psychosocial functioning is understudied. Thus, we sought to (1) determine demographic and injury predictors of chronic HA 1 or more years after moderate to severe TBI and (2) examine associations between chronic HA and psychosocial outcomes.

Setting: Community.

Caregiver resilience following traumatic brain injury: Findings at six months postinjury.

Purpose/objective: Examine contributors to resilience among caregivers of individuals who have sustained a moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), with the goal of identifying important targets for an intervention to improve caregiver resilience as well as outcomes for people with TBI.

Research Method/design: Participants were adult caregivers ( = 176) and individuals with TBI who required inpatient rehabilitation at six TBI Model System sites. Measures included the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, Family Needs Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

Prism Adaptation Treatment for Right-Sided and Left-Sided Spatial Neglect: A Retrospective Case-Matched Study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of prism adaptation treatment (PAT) between patients with right- and left-sided spatial neglect (SN).

Design: Retrospective case-matched design.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospitals and facilities.

An Umbrella Review of Self-Management Interventions for Health Conditions With Symptom Overlap With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To synthesize evidence for the effectiveness of self-management interventions for chronic health conditions that have symptom overlap with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to extract recommendations for self-management intervention in persons with TBI.

Design: An umbrella review of existing systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials or nonrandomized studies targeting self-management of chronic conditions and specific outcomes relevant to persons with TBI.

Method: A comprehensive literature search of 5 databases was conducted using PRISMA guidelines.

Relative contribution of acute cognitive and motor functioning on community integration 1 year after moderate-severe TBI.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to understand the relative contribution of acute motor versus cognitive functioning on community integration 1 year after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Secondary data analysis of 779 participants in the TBI Model Systems National Database who experienced a moderate-severe TBI requiring inpatient rehabilitation. Participants were categorized into four groups: low motor/low cognition, low motor/high cognition, high motor/low cognition, or high motor/high cognition.

Traumatic brain injury as a chronic disease: insights from the United States Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Research Program.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health priority, associated with substantial burden. Historically conceptualised as an injury event with finite recovery, TBI is now recognised as a chronic condition that can affect multiple domains of health and function, some of which might deteriorate over time. Many people who have had a TBI remain moderately to severely disabled at 5 years, are rehospitalised up to 10 years post-injury, and have a reduced lifespan relative to the general population.

Acupuncture use for pain after traumatic brain injury: a NIDILRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems cohort study.

Background: Pain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and can become chronic. Acupuncture is an increasingly popular non-pharmacologic option in the United States and is commonly used for pain.

Objective: We explored demographics, injury characteristics, and pain characteristics of individuals who reported using acupuncture for chronic pain after TBI.

Coping With Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Race/Ethnicity and Effect on Participation Outcomes in a TBI Model Systems Sample.

Objective: To investigate catastrophizing and self-efficacy for managing pain among Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics with chronic pain after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and whether coping interacts with race/ethnicity to predict participation outcomes.

Setting: Community after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: 621 individuals with moderate to severe TBI and chronic pain, who completed follow-up as part of a national longitudinal study of TBI and also participated in a collaborative study on chronic pain.

Disparities in Chronic Pain Experience and Treatment History Among Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To determine disparities in pain severity, pain interference, and history of pain treatment for non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain.

Setting: Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: A total of 621 individuals with medically documented moderate to severe TBI who had received acute trauma care and inpatient rehabilitation (440 non-Hispanic Whites, 111 non-Hispanic Blacks, and 70 Hispanics).

Early Factors Predictive of Extreme High and Low Life Satisfaction 10 Years Post-Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To identify demographic, injury-related, and 1-year postinjury clinical and functional predictors of high and low life satisfaction at 10 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) using an extreme phenotyping approach.

Setting: Multicenter longitudinal database study.

Participants: A total of 3040 people from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research TBI Model Systems database with life satisfaction data at 10 years post-TBI.

Societal Participation of People With Traumatic Brain Injury Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A NIDILRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on societal participation in people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective cohort.

Setting: National TBI Model Systems centers, United States.