Cross-Resistance to Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids in Malaria Vectors from Vegetable Farms in the Northern Benin.

Agricultural pesticides may play a crucial role in the selection of resistance in field populations of mosquito vectors. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility level of s.l.

Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Government Policies on Infant and Young Child Feeding and Food Fortification in Benin.

Background: To prevent micronutrient deficiencies and address the Double Burden of Malnutrition, Benin has implemented Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) and food fortification policies for several years. Despite these efforts, significant micronutrient deficiencies persist, posing a public health problem.

Objective: This study aims to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of government policies on IYCF and food fortification in Benin.

Enhancing the antimycobacterial efficacy of pyridine-4-carbohydrazide: linkage to additional antimicrobial agents oxocarboxylic acids.

This study evaluates the antimycobacterial potential of novel "mutual" bioactive amides, combining pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (isoniazid, INH) with various antimicrobial agents (sulphonamides, 4-aminosalicylic acid, thiosemicarbazide, diphenyl (thio)ethers) oxocarboxylic acids. The aim was to enhance activity against both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) and non-tuberculous strains, while overcoming drug resistance through dual-action mechanisms. Many derivatives exhibited potent antimycobacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as ≤0.

Phylogenomic and genomic analysis reveals unique and shared genetic signatures of complex species.

Species belonging to the complex (MKC) are frequently isolated from humans and the environment and can cause serious diseases. The most common MKC infections are caused by the species (), leading to tuberculosis-like disease. However, a broad spectrum of virulence, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of these non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are observed across the MKC.

Forecasting the need for palliative and hospice care using the creeping trend method with segment smoothing.

Objective: Aim: To determine the limits of refinement of the forecast of the need for palliative and hospice care (PHC) among adults and children, made by the methods of linear, logarithmic and exponential trends, using the improved forecasting method.

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: Based on the calculated demand for 2018-2020, a demand forecast was made using the linear trend method for 2021 and 2022, which was verified by comparing it with the calculation based on available statistical data for 2022. To improve the forecasting result, the creeping trend method with a smoothing segment was used.

Key gene modules and hub genes associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes: a systems biology approach.

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are the main methods used to control mosquito populations for malaria prevention. The efficacy of these strategies is threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance (IR), limiting the success of malaria control. Studies of the genetic evolution leading to insecticide resistance could enable the identification of molecular markers that can be used for IR surveillance and an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with IR.

'We had to be there, Present to Help Him': Local Evidence on the Feeling of Safety in End-of-Life Care in Togo.

Objectives: For patients with diabetes and cancer at the end-of-life and their families, the safety sought in end-of-life care leads them to opt for home care. In developing countries where palliative care is not yet effectively integrated into public health policies, factors such as long distances to hospital referrals, lack of adequate infrastructure and shortage of specialised health professionals create a sense of insecurity for people seeking end-of-life care. The present study explored the factors that reinforce the feeling of security and insecurity of family members who have opted to accompany their relatives with diabetes and/or advanced cancer at the end-of-life at home in Togo.

Transcriptomic analysis of Anopheles gambiae from Benin reveals overexpression of salivary and cuticular proteins associated with cross-resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates.

Background: Insecticide resistance (IR) is one of the major threats to malaria vector control programs in endemic countries. However, the mechanisms underlying IR are poorly understood. Thus, investigating gene expression patterns related to IR can offer important insights into the molecular basis of IR in mosquitoes.

Beninese Plant Extracts with Antiplasmodial Activity Select New Allele Variants 1 and in .

Background: Natural medicinal products are commonly used as a remedy against malaria infections in African populations and have become a major source of information for the screening of new and more effective antiplasmodial molecules. Therefore, studies are needed to validate the efficacy of these medicinal products and to explore the potential effects of such drugs on the genetic diversity of . The current study has investigated the impact of some Beninese plant extracts with antiplasmodial activity on the genetic diversity of .

Community based integrated wound care: Results of a pilot formative research conducted in Benin and Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa.

Appropriate treatment of chronic wounds is priority in the management of Neglected Tropical Skin Diseases (NTSDs) and non-communicable diseases. We describe an integrated, community-based wound care pilot project carried out in Benin and Cote d'Ivoire that entailed both outreach education and evidence based wound care training for nurses staffing rural clinics. This research was carried out by a transdisciplinary research.

Understanding Households' Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation Services in Benin: A Study Protocol.

Nowadays, in Benin, latrine construction by households highly depends on their financial contributions. However, empirical evidence shows that many households are unwilling to invest in adequate sanitation services. The study aims to determine the household's willingness to pay for improved sanitation services and the associated factors.

Both Nitro Groups Are Essential for High Antitubercular Activity of 3,5-Dinitrobenzylsulfanyl Tetrazoles and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles through the Deazaflavin-Dependent Nitroreductase Activation Pathway.

3,5-Dinitrobenzylsulfanyl tetrazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, previously identified as having high activities against both replicating and nonreplicating mycobacteria and favorable cytotoxicity and genotoxicity profiles were investigated. First we demonstrated that these compounds act in a deazaflavin-dependent nitroreduction pathway and thus a nitro group for their activity. Second, we confirmed the necessity of nitro groups for antimycobacterial activity through extensive structure-activity relationship studies using 32 structural types of analogues, each in a five-membered series.

Vectorial competence, insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and operational implications for malaria vector control strategies in Benin Republic.

The primary reason for the failure of malaria vector control across endemic regions is the widespread insecticide resistance observed in Anopheles vectors. The most dominant African vectors of malaria parasites are Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus mosquitoes. These species often exhibit divergent behaviours and adaptive changes underscoring the importance of deploying active and effective measures in their control.

Corrigendum: Effects of household access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.

Exploring the association between household access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and common childhood diseases using data from the 2017-2018 Demographic and Health Survey in Benin: focus on diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection.

Objective: The paper aimed to study the association between household access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and the occurrence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection among children under 5 years in Benin.

Design: We performed secondary analyses using Benin's Fifth Demographic and Health Survey datasets. The dependent variables were diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (yes=1, no=0).

Understanding the factors of road crash severity in Benin: a matched case-control study.

Background: In Benin, due to the unavailability of comprehensive data on road crashes, road safety policies are mainly based on partial statistics provided by the police. These remain unreliable in terms of injury severity and risk factors. This study aims to determine the factors influencing the severity of injuries after a road crash in Benin.

Effect of living conditions on genital mutilation practices among adolescent girls in West Africa: A pooled analysis from demographic and health surveys.

Despite commitments and interventions, Female Genital Mutilations (FGM) practice persists in West African countries. This research analyzes the effect of living conditions on FGM practice. Data were sourced from thirty-four demographic and health surveys conducted between 1995 and 2020 in 12 countries.

Novel pyrimidine-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids and their precursors as potential antimycobacterial agents.

Molecular hybridization and isostery are proven approaches in medicinal chemistry, and as such we used them to design novel compounds that we investigated as potential antimycobacterials to combat drug-resistant strains. Prepared -alkyl-2-(pyrimidine-5-carbonyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamides were cyclized to -alkyl-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amines along with their analogues. A total of 48 compounds were tested against  HRv, and , with oxadiazoles and C-C alkyls being the most effective from a concentration of 2 μM.

Effects of the level of household access to water, sanitation and hygiene on the nutritional status of children under five, Benin.

Background: Whether or not the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) conditions in which children under five live determine their nutritional status is still under discussion. The work aimed to study the effects of household WASH conditions to which children under five are exposed on their nutritional status in Benin.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design and consisted of secondary analyses using datasets from the fifth Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-V) conducted in Benin.

Sodium, potassium food intake and global cardiovascular risks in Togo.

Objectives: To assess urinary sodium/potassium intake and identify its links with global cardiovascular risk (GCVR) according to the WHOPEN approach to WHO/ISH (International High Blood Pressure Society).

Methods: It was a cross-sectional and analytical study that took place from July 6, 2020, to September 17, 2021, in Togo, in the Aneho, Notse and Dapaong localities. It focused on 400 adults selected by sampling.

Is Benin on track to reach universal household coverage of basic water, sanitation and hygiene services by 2030?

Introduction: With the end of the Millennium Agenda, the United Nations Member States adopted the Sustainable Development Agenda in 2015. This new agenda identifies 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets for 2030, including Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH).

Objective: To study the evolution of household access to WASH services over the last two decades in Benin and make projections for 2030.

Effects of household access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest under-five mortality rate and is among the regions where people have the least access to adequate Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services. The work aimed to investigate the effects of WASH conditions faced by children on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: We carried out secondary analyses using the Demographic and Health Survey datasets of 30 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Improving the antimicrobial activity of old antibacterial drug mafenide: Schiff bases and their bioactivity targeting resistant pathogens.

Increasing rates of acquired resistance have justified the critical need for novel antimicrobial drugs. One viable concept is the modification of known drugs. 21 mafenide-based compounds were prepared via condensation reactions and screened for antimicrobial efficacy, which demonstrated promising activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, pathogenic fungi and mycobacterial strains (minimum inhibitory concentrations from 3.

Asymptomatic infection among primary schoolchildren and -mediated malaria transmission: A cross-sectional study in Ouidah; south-western Benin.

Understanding the contribution of asymptomatic carriers in malaria transmission might be helpful to design and implement new control measures. The present study explored the prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic infections (asexual and sexual stages) and the contribution of asymptomatic carriers to -mediated malaria transmission in Ouidah (Benin). Thick and thin blood smears were examined from finger-prick blood specimens using light microscopy, and the density of both asexual and sexual stages of species was calculated.