Non-Susceptibility Gene Variants in Head and Neck Paragangliomas.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neoplasms that, along with pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas, are associated with inherited mutations in at least 12 susceptibility genes in approximately 40% of cases. However, due to the rarity of HNPGLs, only a series of small-scale studies and individual cases have reported mutations in additional genes that may be involved in tumorigenesis. Consequently, numerous disease-causing mutations and genes responsible for the pathogenesis of HNPGLs remain poorly investigated.

Triple combination of vemurafenib, cobimetinib, and atezolizumab in real clinical practice in the Russian Federation: results of the A1 cohort of the ISABELLA study.

Background: Among several treatment options for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, a combination of BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, and anti-PDL1 antibody seems to be a new emergent approach recently registered in the Russian Federation. It is still not clear which patient population benefits more from this simultaneous use of three drugs instead of its sequencing.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate patients' characteristics treated in real practice in 14 Russian regions by triple combination and to analyze their outcomes depending on biomarkers (PD-L1 expression).

Predictive model for intraoperative decision-making in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: optimizing chest drain placement for high-risk patients.

Background: For years, it has been the common and widely accepted practice in thoracic surgery to place apical and basal drains after a lobectomy to completely drain the pleural cavity. With the development of thoracoscopic technology, it became apparent that the use of a single chest tube provided the same clinical results. However, sometimes tension pneumothorax occurs with the need for additional pleural drainage.

Predicting Response to Immunotargeted Therapy in Endometrial Cancer via Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Multicenter, Observational Study.

Only one-third of patients with advanced MSS/pMMR endometrial cancer exhibit a lasting response to the combination treatment of Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib. The combined administration of these two drugs is based on Lenvatinib's ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment, enabling Pembrolizumab to exert its effect. These findings underscore the importance of exploring tumor microenvironment parameters to identify markers that can accurately select candidates for this type of therapy.

Fallopian Tube Hemangioma Discovered on Follow-up for Uterine Leiomyoma.

Hemangioma in female reproductive organs, particularly in the fallopian tube (FT), is a sporadic disease. In this report, we describe a case of hidden capillary hemangioma in FT in a 39-year-old woman who suffered from uterine leiomyoma. During the preoperative stage, pelvic sonography, computed tomography, and diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a subserous leiomyomatous nodule located along the posterior wall of the uterus.

Rare non-serous fallopian tube cancers: institutional experience and literature review.

Introduction: We reviewed 63 reports from the literature on rare non-serous tumors of the fallopian tubes and carried out a comparative analysis of clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods. We also report our observations from patients with these tumors.

Materials And Methods: Of 157 patients with primary fallopian tube cancer (FTC) treated in our regional oncological hospital between 1970 and 2020, there were nine (6%) cases of rare non-serous cancers, including one case each of choriocarcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumor, and two cases each of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and clear cell adenocarcinoma.

Overall survival with adjuvant atezolizumab after chemotherapy in resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase III trial.

Background: IMpower010 (NCT02486718) demonstrated significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) with adjuvant atezolizumab versus best supportive care (BSC) following platinum-based chemotherapy in the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive and all stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations, at the DFS interim analysis. Results of the first interim analysis of overall survival (OS) are reported here.

Patient And Methods: The design, participants, and primary-endpoint DFS outcomes have been reported for this phase III, open-label, 1 : 1 randomised study of atezolizumab (1200 mg q3w; 16 cycles) versus BSC after adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (1-4 cycles) in adults with completely resected stage IB (≥4 cm)-IIIA NSCLC (per the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer and American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 7th edition).

Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Determine the Post-COVID State of a Person by Their Rhythmogram.

This study introduces a novel method for detecting the post-COVID state using ECG data. By leveraging a convolutional neural network, we identify "cardiospikes" present in the ECG data of individuals who have experienced a COVID-19 infection. With a test sample, we achieve an 87 percent accuracy in detecting these cardiospikes.

Final analysis of the phase 3 randomized clinical trial comparing HD201 vs. referent trastuzumab in patients with ERBB2-positive breast cancer treated in the neoadjuvant setting.

Background: The TROIKA trial established that HD201 and trastuzumab were equivalent in terms of primary endpoints (total pathological complete response) following neoadjuvant treatment. The objective of the present analysis was to compare survival outcomes and final safety.

Methods: In the TROIKA trial, patients with ERBB2-positive early breast cancer were randomized and treated with either HD201 or the referent trastuzumab.

Contrast-Free FLIM Reveals Metabolic Changes in Pathological Islets of Langerhans.

FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) is a powerful tool that could be used in the future to diagnose islet cell recovery after therapy. The identification of appropriate FLIM parameters is required to determine islet quality and islet cell metabolism throughout the organ under various conditions of insulin deficiency. The aim of the work was to identify key FLIM parameters, changes of which are characteristic of pancreatic pathologies.

Size and Methylation Index of Cell-Free and Cell-Surface-Bound DNA in Blood of Breast Cancer Patients in the Contest of Liquid Biopsy.

Aberrantly methylated circulating DNA (cirDNA) has proven to be a good cancer marker, but its detection is limited by low concentrations, fragmentation, and insufficiency. Since the methylated cirDNA was shown to be more stable in circulation than the unmethylated one and was shown to bind with the blood cell surface, we studied the concentration, representation, and fragmentation of tumor-derived methylated DNA in cell-free and cell-surface-associated DNA. We found that long DNA fragments (more than 10 kb) are mainly associated with the surface of blood cells.

The fluorescent immunocytochemical diagnostics of precancerous diseases and cancer of the oral mucosa.

Purpose of the study improving the diagnosis of precancerous diseases and cancer of the oral mucosa using fluorescent immunocytochemical studies by direct immunofluorescence. A clinical laboratory examination of 111 patients was carried out: 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa, 35 people with precancerous lesions (17 leukoplakia, 18 - oral lichen planus) and 30 healthy people. All patients underwent a traditional cytological examination and an additional immunocytochemical examination by direct immunofluorescence, the expression levels of tumor markers P53, P16 and Ki67 were determined.

Prediction of early recurrencies of uterine body cancer based on monitoring of serum biological markers.

The aim of this work was to optimize the prognosis of early recurrences of uterine cancer by searching for informative laboratory biomarkers. The study included 343 patients with I-IV stages FIGO endometrial adenocarcinoma the ages of 53 and 76 years. In patients before surgery, as well as 3 and 6 months after the end of primary treatment, the concentration of oncological markers CA-125, HE4, DJ-1, DKK-1 was determined in blood serum by ELISA and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

IMPACT OF NON-CONTACT ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON LIVING ORGANS AND TISSUES.

This study aims to create a laboratory unit for induction heating and assess how possible it is to use local induction heating in solving problems related to biotechnology and medicine. This article contains a description of a method for non-contact local hyperthermal heating of biological tissues using inductive electromagnetic radiation. The method is based on the introduction of a composite material consisting of a polymer base and incorporated ferromagnetic particles into living tissues.

Efficacy of HD201 vs Referent Trastuzumab in Patients With ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated in the Neoadjuvant Setting: A Multicenter Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The drug HD201 is a biosimilar candidate for breast cancer treatment as the reference trastuzumab.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of HD201 with referent trastuzumab.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial (TROIKA) included 502 women with ERBB2-positive early breast cancer treated with either HD201 or referent trastuzumab.

Randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing safety and efficacy of the biosimilar BCD-021 with reference bevacizumab.

Background: BCD-021 is a bevacizumab biosimilar which was shown to be equivalent to reference bevacizumab in a wide panel of physicochemical studies as well as preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo. International multicenter phase III clinical trial was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of BCD-021 and reference bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in a first-line treatment of inoperable or advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Patients with no previous treatment for advanced non-squamous NSCLC were randomly assigned 3:2 to BCD-021 or reference bevacizumab and were treated with bevacizumab + paclitaxel + carboplatin.

EVALUATION OF HORMONAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY AND INFERTILITY IN THE HISTORY.

Objective: The aim: To assess the levels of hormones in women with cervical insufficiency and infertility in the history in the II trimester of gestation.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 120 pregnant women with cervical insufficiency and anovulatory infertility in the history were examined in the II trimester of gestation: in the I group (60 persons) pregnancy occurred after hormonal treatment of infertility, in the II group (60 individuals) - after in vitro fertilization. 30 pregnant women without cervical insufficiency and a history of infertility were controls.

Plasma Exosomes of Patients with Breast and Ovarian Tumors Contain an Inactive 20S Proteasome.

Exosomes are directly involved in governing of physiological and pathological conditions of an organism through the transfer of information from producing to receiving cells. It can be assumed that exosomes are one of the key players of tumor dissemination since they are very stable and small enough to penetrate from various tissues into biological fluids and then back, thus interacting with tissue target cells. We evaluated the enzymatic activity and the level of 20S proteasome in tissue and exosomes of healthy females ( = 39) and patients with ovarian ( = 50) and breast ( = 108) tumors to reveal the critical role of exosomal cargo in the mediation of different types of metastases.

Adjuvant atezolizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: Novel adjuvant strategies are needed to optimise outcomes after complete surgical resection in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to evaluate adjuvant atezolizumab versus best supportive care after adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy in these patients.

Methods: IMpower010 was a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study done at 227 sites in 22 countries and regions.

Sentinel lymph node detection by combining nonradioactive techniques with contrast agents: State of the art and prospects.

The status of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has a substantial prognostic value because these nodes are the first place where cancer cells accumulate along their spreading route. Routine SLN biopsy ("gold standard") involves peritumoral injections of radiopharmaceuticals, such as technetium-99m, which has obvious disadvantages. This review examines the methods used as "gold standard" analogs to diagnose SLNs.

Total Blood Exosomes in Breast Cancer: Potential Role in Crucial Steps of Tumorigenesis.

Exosomes are crucial players in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in tumorigenesis. There are two fractions of blood circulating exosomes: free and cell-surface-associated. Here, we compared the effect of total blood exosomes (contain plasma exosomes and blood cell-surface-associated exosomes) and plasma exosomes from breast cancer patients (BCPs, = 43) and healthy females (HFs, = 35) on crucial steps of tumor progression.

Lung cancer increases HO concentration in the exhaled breath condensate, extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa.

We have shown that the HO concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in lung cancer patients increases significantly compared to the EBC of healthy people and revealed the correlation between the HO level in the EBC and amount of mtDNA damage in buccal mucosa cells. The HO hyper-production may trigger mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby resulting in an increase in mtDNA copy number. However, we did not observe a significant difference in the studied parameters between smokers and non-smokers.

Proteomic Analysis of Blood Exosomes from Healthy Females and Breast Cancer Patients Reveals an Association between Different Exosomal Bioactivity on Non-tumorigenic Epithelial Cell and Breast Cancer Cell Migration in Vitro.

Exosomes are important intercellular communication vehicles, secreted into body fluids by multiple cell types, including tumor cells. They contribute to the metastatic progression of tumor cells through paracrine signalling. It has been recently discovered that blood circulating exosomes contain distinguishable fractions of free and cell-surface-associated vesicles.