MXene-rGO Nanocomposite based Electrochemical Immunosensor for detection of Endosulfan- an organochlorine pesticide.

Endosulfan (Ed), a widely used organochlorine pesticide, is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). Its long half-life, resistance to degradation, and bioaccumulation in the food chain contaminates soil, water, and air. Such widespread environmental damage triggers monitoring its levels for ensuring compliance with safety regulations and protecting public health.

ROS and calcium signaling are critical determinant of skin pigmentation.

Pigmentation is a protective phenomenon that shields skin cells from UV-induced DNA damage. Perturbations in pigmentation pathways predispose to skin cancers and lead to pigmentary disorders. These ailments impart psychological trauma and severely affect the patients' quality of life.

Mitochondrial calcium uptake orchestrates vertebrate pigmentation via transcriptional regulation of keratin filaments.

Mitochondria regulate several physiological functions through mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics. However, role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in melanosome biology remains unknown. Here, we show that pigmentation requires mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.

Exploring the anti-aging effect of dextran and polyethylene glycol-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles in erythrocytes.

Oxidative stress generated during aging largely affects erythrocytes. Antioxidative therapies such as polyphenols and flavonoids face limitations like low bioavailability and reduced efficiency. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) can behave as antioxidative enzymes and thus have better efficiency.

Glycation Produces Topologically Different α-Synuclein Oligomeric Strains and Modulates Microglia Response via the NLRP3-Inflammasome Pathway.

α-Synuclein, a key player in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, possesses an inherently disordered structure that allows for versatile structural changes during aggregation. Microglia, the brain immune cells, respond differently to various α-synuclein strains, influencing their activation and release of harmful molecules, leading to neuronal death. Post-translational modifications, such as glycation in α-synuclein, add a layer of complexity to microglial activation.

High loading and sustained-release system of doxorubicin-carbon dots as nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics.

Nanocarriers for drugs have been investigated for decades, yet it is still challenging to achieve sustained release from nanomaterials due to drug loading inefficiency and burst release. In this study, we developed novel functional carbon dots (CDs) and investigated the therapeutic efficacy by studying the loading efficiency and release behavior of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). CDs were successfully synthesized using a one-step pyrolysis method with varying concentrations of citric acid (CA) and thiourea (TU).

Integrative study of chicken lung transcriptome to understand the host immune response during Newcastle disease virus challenge.

Introduction: Newcastle disease is one of the significant issues in the poultry industry, having catastrophic effects worldwide. The lung is one of the essential organs which harbours Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and plays a vital role in the immune response. Leghorn and Fayoumi breeds are known to have differences in resistance to Newcastle disease.

Remodeling Ca dynamics by targeting a promising E-box containing G-quadruplex at ORAI1 promoter in triple-negative breast cancer.

ORAI1 is an intrinsic component of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) that strictly regulates Ca influx in most non-excitable cells. ORAI1 is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers, and its signal transduction has been associated with chemotherapy resistance. There is extensive proteomic interaction of ORAI1 with other channels and effectors, resulting in various altered phenotypes.

The serine protease inhibitor HAMpin-1 produced by the ectoparasite Hyalomma anatolicum salivary gland modulates the host complement system.

Ticks are notable vectors of diseases affecting both humans and animals, with Hyalomma anatolicum being of particular significance due to its wide distribution and capability to transmit a variety of pathogens, including Theileriaannulata and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of H. anatolicum salivary gland extract (HaSGE) and the identification of its key component on the complement system of the host's innate immune defense.

Nanozymes and their biomolecular conjugates as next-generation antibacterial agents: A comprehensive review.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the ability of bacterial species to develop resistance against exposed antibiotics, has gained immense global attention in the past few years. Bacterial infections are serious health concerns affecting millions of people annually worldwide. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial agents that are highly effective and avoid resistance development is imperative.

Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activity of Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide, Gold, and Silver Nanoparticles Against Age-Induced Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes undergo several changes during human aging and age-related diseases and, thus, have been studied as biomarkers of the aging process. The present study aimed to explore the antioxidant ability of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as iron oxide (Fe3O4), gold (Au), and silver (Ag) to mitigate age-related oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. Metal and metal oxide NPs behave like antioxidative enzymes, directly influencing redox pathways and thus have better efficiency.

Identifying High-Quality Leads among Screened Anticancerous Compounds Using SMILES Representations.

Cancer is a lethal disease that affects numerous people worldwide. Chemotherapy stands as one of the most effective treatment regimens to combat cancer. Nevertheless, anticancer drugs face a high failure rate due to safety and efficacy issues.

Cimicifugin, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of and CDK7.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers, and a previous report suggested that CDK7 is a potential drug target for developing new anti-malarial drugs. In this study, we aimed to characterize and evaluate the drug target potential of CDK7. is responsible for tropical theileriosis, which induces a phenotype similar to cancerous cells like immortalization, hyperproliferation, and dissemination.

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells enriched PCL-gelatin nanofiber scaffold for improved wound healing.

Electrospun nanofibers exhibit a significant potential in the synthesis of nanostructured materials, thereby offering a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy of wound care. The present study aimed to investigate the wound-healing potential of two biomacromolecules, PCL-Gelatin nanofiber adhered with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Characterisation of the nanofiber revealed a mean fiber diameter ranging from 200 to 300 nm, with distinctive elemental peaks corresponding to polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of allogeneic amniotic membrane for quality wound healing in rabbit model.

Background: The amniotic membrane (AM) has shown immense potential in repairing wounds due to its great regenerative qualities. Although the role of AM as a biological scaffold in repairing wounds has been studied well, the tissue regenerative potential of AM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned media (CM) derived from it remains to be discovered as of now. Here, we examined the wound healing abilities of fresh and frozen thawed rabbit AM (rAM) along with the MSCs and their lyophilised CM in rabbits challenged with skin wounds.

Disposable graphene-oxide screen-printed electrode integrated with portable device for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis is the need of the hour, as cases are persistently increasing, and new variants are constantly emerging. The ever-changing nature of the virus leading to multiple variants, has brought an imminent need for early, accurate and rapid detection methods. Herein, we have reported the design and fabrication of Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs) with graphene oxide (GO) as working electrode and modified with specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD).

Comprehensive characterisation and cryopreservation optimisation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Over half of the world's buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) inhabit India, and buffaloes frequently encounter health challenges that resist conventional treatments, prompting the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. One promising approach is stem cell therapy, particularly multipotent mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs). These cells have shown significant efficacy in addressing various diseases in livestock that exhibit resistance to conventional therapies.

Comprehensive assessment of goat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in different media.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated potential in treating livestock diseases that are unresponsive to conventional therapies. MSCs derived from goats, a valuable model for studying orthopaedic disorders in humans, offer insights into bone formation and regeneration. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) are easily accessible and have a high capacity for expansion.

Structure-function analyses reveal HDA7 to be an inactive histone deacetylase.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from histone tails, are important epigenetic factors. They play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and are significant in the context of plant growth and development. The Rpd3/Hda1 family of HDACs is reported to regulate key biological processes in plants, such as stress response, seed, embryonic, and floral development.

High carrier frequency of CYP21A2 gene mutations in Southern India - underscoring the need for genetic testing in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Purpose: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the highly prevalent autosomal recessive endocrine disorders. The majority of CAH cases result from mutations in the CYP21A2 gene, leading to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. However, with the pseudogene-associated challenges in CYP21A2 gene analysis, routine genetic diagnostics and carrier screening in CAH are not a part of the first-tier investigations in a clinical setting.

Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting schizont stage parasites.

The growing emergence of resistance to current anti-theilerial agents necessitates the exploration of alternative approaches to drug discovery. This study evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of 148 compounds derived from an epigenetic inhibitor library against the schizont stage of a -infected cell line. Initial screening at a concentration of 10 µM identified 27 compounds exhibiting promising anti-theilerial activity.

Myosin heavy chain-perinatal regulates skeletal muscle differentiation, oxidative phenotype and regeneration.

Myosin heavy chain-perinatal (MyHC-perinatal) is one of two development-specific myosin heavy chains expressed exclusively during skeletal muscle development and regeneration. The specific functions of MyHC-perinatal are unclear, although mutations are known to lead to contracture syndromes such as Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome. Here, we characterize the functions of MyHC-perinatal during skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration.

A sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 gene from wheat, TaSnRK1α regulates starch biosynthesis by modulating AGPase activity.

Major portion of wheat grain consist of carbohydrate, mainly starch. The proportion of amylose and amylopectin in starch greatly influence the end product quality. Advancement in understanding starch biosynthesis pathway and modulating key genes has enabled the genetic modification of crops resulting in enhanced starch quality.