An analysis of the efficacy of universal PCR and BACTEC 9120 BD for identifying bacteremia in pediatrics.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are serious diseases in pediatrics and can increase the rate of morbidity and mortality. Blood culture is time consuming and can have false negative results in some case such as the intracellular or fastidious bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the PCR against automated blood culture with BACTEC.

Survey of various carbapenem-resistant mechanisms of and isolated from clinical samples in Iran.

Objectives: and resist antibiotics by different intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. This study aims to define various carbapenem-resistant mechanisms of isolated and from nine different provinces of Iran.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all carbapenem-resistant and samples from nine provinces of Iran on a one-year time horizon were gathered.

Shiga toxin-producing bacteria as emerging enteric pathogens associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Detection of the cause of diarrhoeal diseases is important for the management of the outbreaks.

Aims: This study investigated the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing bacteria in stool samples of patients with diarrhoea associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods: A total of 532 stool and rectal swab samples from 70 sporadic outbreaks during May 2014 to August 2015 were examined for infection with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria.

Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Isolates in Tehran, Iran: A Surveillance Study.

Introduction: Encapsulated strains cause high morbidity and mortality, mainly in countries with no pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) immunization program. This study investigated the epidemiological changes of isolates including serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: A total of 80 samples were collected from patients admitted to Shariati hospital over two periods.

Assessing the prevalence of in infertile male patients in Tabriz, northwest Iran.

Background: is an infrequent, but one of the most successful bacteria that associated with infertility and are able to spermatozoa immobilization and agglutination.

Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of in semen obtained from infertile male patients in northwest Iran.

Materials And Methods: Seminal fluids of 100 infertile men were evaluated.

MLVA typing of isolated from two Iranian university hospitals.

Background And Objectives: Different serotypes of is now divided into 2 divisions: encapsulated and unencapsulated. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) includes such specifications as the extra power of separation, ease of data interpretation, and epidemiological data accordance, which have made it an appropriate molecular device for good typing and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial pathogens.

Materials And Methods: In this research, cultured samples were studied and strains identified through biochemical tests were recognized.

Vaccine Candidates against Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: a Review.

Nonencapsulated, nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) remains an important cause of acute otitis and respiratory diseases in children and adults. NTHi bacteria are one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections, including acute otitis media, cystic fibrosis, and community-acquired pneumonia among children, especially in developing countries. The bacteria can also cause chronic diseases such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the lower respiratory tract of adults.

Epidemiology of Rotavirus-Norovirus Co-Infection and Determination of Norovirus Genogrouping among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran.

Background: Enteric viruses, particularly human rotavirus and norovirus, have been shown to replace bacteria and parasites, as the most common pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea. However, there are still few epidemiological data on the simultaneous occurrence of these viruses in Iran. In this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the useful epidemiological data on the gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus-norovirus mixed infection and to examine the prevalence of norovirus genogrouping among children aged less than five years old in Iran.

Prevalence of the bla CTX-M-1 group and their transferability in resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella serogroups from several hospitals of Tehran.

Background And Objectives: Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen in humans. Strains of Salmonella spp. that producing extended-spectrum β-Lactamases have become a concern in medicine regarding both antimicrobial treatment and infection control program.

Genotyping of Haemophilus influenzae type b strains and their incidence in the clinical samples isolated from Iranian patients.

Background And Objective: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is divided into two distinct genotypes, type I and type II, based on the structure of capsular polysaccharides. The capsulation locus of Haemophilus influenzae type b consists of three functionally distinct regions, designated regions 1 to 3. Region III contains hcsA and hcsB genes; however, notable sequence variation in this region can be used to recognize different Hib genotypes.

Variability in gene cassette patterns of class 1 and 2 integrons associated with multi drug resistance patterns in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Tehran-Iran.

Background: To investigate antibiotic resistance, the occurrence and distribution of class 1 and 2 integrons in multidrug- resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The isolates were examined for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. The mecA gene, class 1 and 2 integrons were detected by PCR.

Resistance-Gene Cassettes Associated With Salmonella enterica Genotypes.

Background: The epidemiology of salmonellosis is complex because of the diversity and different serotypes of Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) that occur in different reservoirs and geographic incidences.

Objectives: To determine the genotype distribution and resistance-gene content of 2 classes of integron among S.

Real-Time Assay as A Tool for Detecting lytA Gene in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates.

Objective: In-time diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumonia) can play a significant role in decreasing morbidity and mortality rate. Applying molecular methods has gained popularity due to the existing limits of routine diagnostic methods.

Inter-observer and Intra-observer Agreement in Pathological Evaluation of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Suspected Liver Biopsies.

Background: Histopathologic assessment of liver tissue is an essential step in management and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) while inter- and intra-observer variations limit the accuracy of these assessments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of histopathologic assessment of liver biopsies based on NAFLD activity score (NAS) scoring system.

Materials And Methods: The anonymous liver biopsy samples of 100 consecutive NAFLD suspected adults were randomly assigned to four pathologists.

First report on natural Leishmania infection of Phlebotomus sergenti due Leishmania tropica by high resolution melting curve method in South-eastern Iran.

Objective: To identify the Leishmania species in infected sand flies by Real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis.

Methods: Real-time PCR coupled with HRM analysis targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA as the genetic marker was used to identify and distinguish Leishmania species in sand flies specimens.

Results: Three out of 115 females of Phlebotomus sergenti (P.

Challenges of implementing Iranian national laboratory standards.

After four years of publishing the Iranian National Laboratory Standard and following a strategic plan to implement its requirements, it was decided to review the taken actions, evaluating the achievements and the failures, as well as analyzing the gaps and planning the interventional activities to resolve the problems. A thorough evaluation revealed that the progress of implementation process varies considerably in different provinces, as well as in laboratories in different public and private sectors. Diversity and heterogeneousity of laboratories throughout the country is one of unresolvable problems.

Epidemiology of Scorpionism in Iran during 2009.

Background: Scorpion sting is a major health problem in Iran. The aim of current study was to measure the incidence rates of scorpion stings, mortality, recovery, and affected age groups. The results of treatment with and without anti venom also were considered in the entire country during 2009.

Establishment of national laboratory standards in public and private hospital laboratories.

In September 2007 national standard manual was finalized and officially announced as the minimal quality requirements for all medical laboratories in the country. Apart from auditing laboratories, Reference Health Laboratory has performed benchmarking auditing of medical laboratory network (surveys) in provinces. 12(th) benchmarks performed in Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran in 2010 in three stages.