Network pharmacology and multi-omics validation of the Jianpi-Yishen formula in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem. In clinical practice, the Chinese patent herbal medicine Jianpi-Yishen (JPYS) formula is commonly used to treat CKD. However, the molecular mechanisms by which JPYS targets and modulates the host immune response remain unclear.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Primary Cold Agglutinin Disease Treated with Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare and autoimmune hemolytic disorder caused by the presence of cold-reacting autoantibodies against red blood cells. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition. This report describes an 83-year-old man with AAA who was diagnosed with primary CAD 9 years before undergoing AAA surgery.

Enfortumab Vedotin for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Comprehensive Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Insights From a Multicenter Real-World Study (YUSHIMA Study).

Introduction: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) currently plays a predominant role in the evolving treatment paradigm of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, large-scale real-world data on EV remain limited. This multicenter retrospective study comprehensively evaluated treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of EV monotherapy for mUC.

Cause-Specific Mortality and Prognostic Impact of Comorbidity in Japanese Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Background: Due to its rarity, there are very limited data available on the cause of death (COD) and its association with comorbidities in Japanese chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients.

Methods: To investigate the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on cause-specific mortality, we retrospectively reviewed 121 Japanese patients with CLL.

Results: The median age was 69 years, with 47.

Relationship between neutropenia caused by nanoliposomal irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin and treatment outcomes in the NAPOLEON-2 study (NN-2301).

The relationship between nanoliposomal irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin (NFF) treatment outcomes and neutropenia in patients with pancreatic cancer has not been thoroughly examined. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from patients with pancreatic cancer who were treated with NFF to investigate this relationship. Neutropenia was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events across three cutoffs: A (grade 0 versus grade 1-4), B (grades 0-1 versus 2-4), and C (grades 0-2 versus 3-4).

Abdominal Bulging Due to Abdominal Muscle Palsy Secondary to Herpes Zoster: A Report of a Rare Case.

A 59-year-old man visited our hospital for examination of left-sided abdominal bulging. About a week earlier, he had developed an abdominal skin rash and was diagnosed with herpes zoster. Computed tomography excluded intra-abdominal organic disease and true hernia.

Determination of Pathogens in Surgical Site Infections in Ankle Fractures and Implications for Empirical Antibiotic Treatment.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common complication after surgery for ankle fractures. This retrospective study aimed to determine the pathogens cultured in SSI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to provide a recommendation for empirical therapy. Patients who underwent surgical treatment for an ankle fracture were included.

Exploring the Clinical Diversity of Castleman Disease and TAFRO Syndrome: A Japanese Multicenter Study on Lymph Node Distribution Patterns.

Individuals diagnosed with Castleman disease (CD) and TAFRO syndrome (characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, bone marrow fibrosis, and organomegaly) displays a wide range of clinical symptoms, including varying patterns of lymph node enlargement, systemic inflammation, and impaired organ function. Some patients may present with both CD and TAFRO syndrome concurrently. A retrospective study conducted across multiple centers in Japan examined 321 cases to determine if the quantity and position of swollen lymph nodes could forecast the clinical progression and intensity of these conditions.

Regimen Selection for Chemoimmunotherapy in Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Low PD-L1 Expression: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although chemoimmunotherapy is recommended for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with low programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, no head-to-head comparisons of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been performed. Therefore, we compared the effect and safety of regimens in these patients to guide evidence-based treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score of 1% to 49% administered ICI combination platinum-based chemotherapy between May 2018 and May 2023 at 19 institutions in Japan.

Comparison of treatment outcomes between graft replacement and aneurysmorrhaphy with graft preservation for type 2 endoleaks after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective: This study aimed to compare treatment outcomes between graft replacement and aneurysmorrhaphy with ligation of the aortic side branches for type 2 endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed multicenter data of patients who underwent open surgical conversion, including graft replacement or aneurysmorrhaphy with ligation of the aortic side branches (graft preservation) for the treatment of type 2 endoleaks between 2007 and 2022. The endpoints were postoperative complications, 30-day mortality, overall survival, and reintervention or sac expansion after open surgical conversion.

Heterogeneity of OAS family expression in tuberculosis and the impact of different sample selection: a comprehensive analysis.

The 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)family, comprising OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL, has been shown to participate in the host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, their expression profiles in tuberculosis (TB) remain inconsistent. In two TB-related datasets, the OAS family exhibits contrasting expression trends.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Epidemiological Trends in Pediatric Cervical Abscess-Forming Infections.

Abscess-forming cervical bacterial infections are rare and serious infections. We retrospectively examined the trends in abscess-forming cervical bacterial infections in children who required inpatient treatment in three periods before (January 2016 to June 2020), during (July 2020 to December 2022) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2023 to June 2024). The study included 96 patients with superficial cervical abscesses and 111 patients with deep cervical abscesses (34 with retropharyngeal abscesses, 51 with peritonsillar abscesses, and 26 with deep neck abscesses).

Comments and Illustrations of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine Guidelines: Benign Pleura Lesions (Benign Pleura Thickening, Lesions and Masses)-What Can Be Seen on Transthoracic Ultrasound?

Pleural thickening can be the result of inflammation or infection but can also have a neoplastic origin. Depending on the clinical context, a pleural lesion or mass is often initially suspected of malignancy. Benign pleural tumors are rare, and their appearance on ultrasound (US) is also described less frequently than pleural metastases or malignancies.

Construction of a prognostic signature based on T-helper 17 cells differentiation-related genes for predicting survival and tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

T-helper 17 (Th17) cells significantly influence the onset and advancement of malignancies. This study endeavor focused on delineating molecular classifications and developing a prognostic signature grounded in Th17 cell differentiation-related genes (TCDRGs) using machine learning algorithms in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A consensus clustering approach was applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas-HNSCC cohort based on TCDRGs, followed by an examination of differential gene expression using the limma package.

Imaging characteristics and treatment of recurrent germinoma.

Objective: An MRI protocol for germinoma surveillance after complete remission has not been established. Moreover, the standard treatment for recurrent or refractory germinoma has not been determined. In this study, the authors explored the imaging characteristics of recurrent germinoma and discuss their institution's experience with multidisciplinary treatment of this malignancy.

Surgical outcomes after trabeculotomy for primary congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate outcomes after trabeculotomy in Japanese patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), and to identify risk factors for multiple glaucoma surgery procedures.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: Surgical outcomes were investigated in Japanese patients with PCG who underwent their first glaucoma surgery at Hiroshima University Hospital between January, 2006, and December, 2021.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for patients aged ninety and older with choledocholithiasis: A single-center experience in south China.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) serves an essential role in treating biliary diseases, especially in choledocholithiasis. However, due to the limited human lifespan, there remains a paucity of clinical investigations on ERCP treatment in patients over 90 years old.

Aim: To explore the effectiveness and safety of ERCP in super-older patients aged ≥ 90 years with choledochal stones.

Interstitial pneumonia due to Japanese spotted fever.

We report case of Japanese spotted fever with interstitial pneumonia. In patients with signs of interstitial pneumonia on chest computed tomography, Rickettsial pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if they have visited a -endemic area.

Elevated A2F bisect N-glycans of serum IgA reflect progression of liver fibrosis in patients with MASLD.

Background: Advanced liver fibrosis in cases of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current gold standard for liver fibrosis is invasive liver biopsy. Therefore, a less invasive biomarker that accurately reflects the stage of liver fibrosis is highly desirable.

Advances and applications of genome-edited animal models for severe combined immunodeficiency.

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), characterized by profound immune system dysfunction, can lead to life-threatening infections and death. Animal models play a pivotal role in elucidating biological processes and advancing therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in gene-editing technologies, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas9, and base editing, have significantly enhanced the generation of SCID models.

A Case of Radical Resection of Esophageal Basaloid Cell Carcinoma After Hemostasis by Transarterial Embolization.

Esophageal bleeding management typically involves endoscopy but becomes challenging with large or hemorrhagic tumors, especially in cases of rare basal cell carcinoma. This malignancy, with a poorer prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma, often requires definitive surgery. A 78-year-old man with severe hematemesis underwent transarterial embolization (TAE) after failed endoscopic hemostasis for a middle thoracic esophageal tumor.

Development and evaluation of multiplex real-time PCR for rapid identifying major pathogenic mycobacteria from pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical samples in eastern China.

Background: Diseases caused by (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have similar clinical symptoms but require different treatments. Rapid and accurate identification of MTB and NTM is essential for proper patient management and treatment.

Methods: To develop and assess a multiplex real-time fluorescence PCR (Multiplex PCR) method for rapid identification of MTB, complex (MAC), M.

Excimer LASER coronary atherectomy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a multicenter registry.

Background: Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is used for thrombotic culprit lesions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its effectiveness is still unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 h of onset were retrospectively investigated. Patients were divided into ELCA and non-ELCA groups.

Insights into balloon pulmonary angioplasty and the WHO functional class of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients: findings from the CTEPH AC registry.

Advances in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treatment have improved prognosis, shifting focus towards symptom management. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) in CTEPH patients. The CTEPH AC registry is a prospective, multicenter database from 35 Japanese institutions, analyzing data from August 2018 to July 2023.