The rat osteoarthritis bone score for histological pathology relevant to human bone marrow lesions and pain.

Objectives: Histological osteochondral characteristics of inflammation, fibrosis, vascularity, cartilage islands, vessels entering cartilage, thickened trabeculae and cysts are associated with bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in human knee osteoarthritis (OA). We identified and developed a method for scoring comparable pathology in two rat OA knee pain models.

Methods: Rats (n ​= ​8-10 per group) were injected with monoiodoacetate (MIA) or saline, or underwent meniscal transection (MNX) or sham surgery.

Differential cortical aspartate uptake across the oestrous cycle is associated with changes in gut microbiota in Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Pain and psychological stress are intricately linked, with sex differences evident in disorders associated with both systems. Glutamatergic signalling in the central nervous system is influenced by gonadal hormones via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is central in pain research. Emerging evidence supports an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing pain signalling.

Improving Proton-Pump Inhibitor Adherence Intervention Between Primary Care and Community Pharmacies: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.

Purpose: Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy stands as the primary treatment for upper gastrointestinal symptoms, yet poor adherence often results in treatment failure. Given that patients experiencing these symptoms frequently seek assistance at community pharmacies, the development of collaborative tools with primary care is becoming imperative. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical intervention, as demonstrated by a collaborative model between primary care and community pharmacies, in enhancing adherence to PPI among patients experiencing upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

Advancing therapeutic frontiers: a pipeline of novel drugs for luminal and perianal Crohn's disease management.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, complex inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that presents significant therapeutic challenges. Despite the availability of a wide range of treatments, many patients experience primary non-response, secondary loss of response, or adverse events, limiting the overall effectiveness of current therapies. Clinical trials often report response rates below 60%, partly due to stringent inclusion criteria.

Clinical predictors of treatment response to gabapentin in women with unexplained chronic pelvic pain.

Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain affects up to 24% of women worldwide and for up to 55% of these there is no associated pathology. Despite this there are no established treatments in this cohort. This is a secondary analysis of a randomised-controlled trial (GaPP2) to explore if there are measures which enable us to predict treatment outcome.

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease: Results from a Large Real-Life Cohort Study.

Ustekinumab (UST) is an interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Only limited real-life data on the long-term outcomes of CD patients treated with UST are available. This study assessed UST's long-term effectiveness and safety in a large population-based cohort of moderate to severe CD patients.

Menstrual cup acceptability and functionality in real-world use: A cross-sectional survey of young people in Australia.

Background: Menstrual cups offer a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable product for many young people. While clinical trials have shown their safety and effectiveness, no studies have investigated their performance in real-world use.

Aims: To describe the acceptability and functionality (continuation, discomforts, leakage, and adverse events) of menstrual cups and investigate the supportive role of product knowledge.

Update Motility Disorders: Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease - Diagnostic and Conservative Approach.

Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is extremely common, with at least 1 in 10 people in the general population reporting heartburn and acid regurgitation on a weekly basis. GORD can also be associated with a variety of atypical symptoms, including chest pain, chronic cough, and laryngopharyngeal symptoms. The causes of GORD are multifactorial, and the severity of symptoms is influenced by peripheral and central factors, including psychosocial stress and anxiety.

Model-informed approach to estimate treatment effect in placebo-controlled clinical trials using an artificial intelligence-based propensity weighting methodology to account for non-specific responses to treatment.

In randomized, placebo controlled clinical trials (RCT) in major depressive disorders (MDD), treatment response (TR) is estimated by the change from baseline at study-end (EOS) of the scores of clinical scales used for assessing disease severity. Treatment effect (TE) is estimated by the baseline-adjusted difference at EOS of TR between active treatments and placebo.The TE is function of treatment-specific and, non-specific (NSRT) effect (referred as placebo effect), and placebo response.

Validation of the Japanese version of the Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale for esophageal symptoms.

Background: The Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale (EHAS) is an English questionnaire created in the USA to assess these factors in all patients with esophageal diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Japanese version of EHAS and investigate the relationship between EHAS scores and symptoms in untreated disorders of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow.

Methods: This prospective study recruited patients who underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) at six tertiary centers in Japan.

Rapid virucidal activity of an air sanitizer against aerosolized MS2 and Phi6 phage surrogates for non-enveloped and enveloped vertebrate viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.

An air sanitizer was evaluated using an aerobiology protocol, compliant with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Sanitizer Guidelines, for virucidal activity against bacteriophages Phi6 and MS2 (used as surrogates for enveloped and non-enveloped human pathogenic viruses).

Effects of infant feeding type on auditory event-related potentials at 24 months of age.

Background: Added bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) or bMFGM components in infant formulas may favor language development essential for cognitive maturation in early life. In this study, the influence of infant feeding type on language skills acquisition was investigated.

Methods: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were performed at ~4-6 (baseline) and 24 months of age in infants receiving: human milk, as a reference group (HM, n = 42) or randomized to standard infant formula (SF, n = 53) or similar formula with added bMFGM (EF, n = 48) through 12 months of age.

Real-Time Data Collection Utilizing Mobile Technology in Clinical Research: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Cohort.

Introduction: Clinical research faces the challenge of declining physician participation in the pursuit of advancing evidence-based medicine. This secondary analysis focuses on the interactive mobile health (mHealth) application's utility as a real-time data collection tool in clinical settings, specifically targeting cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) management. The study assesses the mHealth application's potential to alleviate data collection inefficiencies and improve physician engagement in clinical research.

The evolution of nutritional care in children with food allergies - With a focus on cow's milk allergy.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) remains one of the most common and complex paediatric food allergies. In the last decade, our understanding has advanced in terms of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated CMA and focus is now also paid to non-IgE-mediated CMA, particularly in some Western countries where incidence rates are high. We have had significant progress in the last 10 years in relation to our understanding of existing supportive tests for IgE-mediated CMA, with the advancement of newer tests, such as the basophil activation test (BAT), which have shown great promise.

Dysrupted microbial tryptophan metabolism associates with SARS-CoV-2 acute inflammatory responses and long COVID.

Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and risk of long COVID has been associated with the depletion or over-abundance of specific taxa within the gut microbiome. However, the microbial mechanisms mediating these effects are not yet known. We hypothesized that altered microbial production of tryptophan and its downstream derivatives might contribute to inappropriate immune responses to viral infection.

Promising strategies for the prevention of alcohol-related brain damage through optimised management of acute alcohol withdrawal: A focussed literature review.

There is an increasing awareness of the link between chronic alcohol consumption and the development of cognitive, behavioural and functional deficits. Currently, preventative strategies are limited and require engagement in dedicated long-term rehabilitation and sobriety services, the availability of which is low. The acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome is an episode of neurochemical imbalance leading to autonomic dysregulation, increased seizure risk and cognitive disorientation.