Antibiotic treatment versus appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in adults: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have found antibiotics to be a feasible and safe alternative to appendicectomy in adults with imaging-confirmed acute appendicitis. However, patient inclusion criteria and outcome definitions vary greatly between RCTs. We aimed to compare antibiotics with appendicectomy for the treatment of acute appendicitis using individual patient data and uniform outcome definitions.

Olutasidenib in combination with azacitidine induces durable complete remissions in patients with relapsed or refractory mIDH1 acute myeloid leukemia: a multicohort open-label phase 1/2 trial.

Background: Olutasidenib is a potent, selective, oral, small molecule inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) which induced durable remissions in high-risk, relapsed/refractory (R/R) mIDH1 AML patients in a phase 1/2 trial. We present a pooled analysis from multiple cohorts of the phase 1/2 trial of patients with R/R AML who received combination olutasidenib and azacitidine therapy.

Methods: Adult patients with mIDH1 AML received 150 mg olutasidenib twice daily plus standard-of-care azacitidine (OLU + AZA) and were evaluated for response and safety.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Towards a histological diagnosis of childhood small vessel CNS vasculitis.

Background: Primary small vessel CNS vasculitis (sv-cPACNS) is a challenging inflammatory brain disease in children. Brain biopsy is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. This study aims to develop and validate a histological scoring tool for diagnosing small vessel CNS vasculitis.

Changes in Hippocampal Volume after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Objective: To investigate hippocampal volume changes in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients compared to healthy controls and assess their association with post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), focusing on age-related effects.

Methods: Imaging and demographic data for TBI patients were obtained from the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx) database; healthy controls matched by age and sex were sourced from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Healthy Volunteer Dataset, the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). MRI images for TBI subjects were obtained within 14-32 days post-injury.

Assessment of cardiovascular diagnoses associated with telemedicine during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread adoption of telemedicine, which has persisted in healthcare delivery.

Objective: We aimed to characterize telemedicine use in ambulatory cardiology clinics over two years following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study from 16 March 2020 to 27 June 2022 in a single-center ambulatory cardiology clinic and telemedicine visits.

Magnitude of effect of low dose colchicine, a newly food and drug administration approved treatment for stroke prevention.

Background: As the Food and Drug Administration in June 2023 approved low dose colchicine for primary prevention of stroke and other cardiovascular events, an updated meta-analysis of stroke outcomes in randomized trials would help inform clinical practice.**** METHODS: Systematic, study-level meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of long-term colchicine in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD, preponderantly primary prevention for stroke) or following non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (secondary prevention). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I statistic and Cochrane's Q and potential bias assessed with the Risk of Bias 2.

Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Prescribing Patterns in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure.

Importance: Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) improves mortality among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ie, those with an EF of 40% or less.

Objective: To describe national longitudinal trends in ARNI prescribing patterns among hospitalized patients with HFrEF.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Using data from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) registry, hospitalized patients with HFrEF at 614 participating hospitals were identified.

Revisiting ICD Therapy for Primary Prevention in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are recommended to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The landmark studies leading to the current guideline recommendations preceded the 4 pillars of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMTs). Therefore, some have questioned the role of ICDs for primary prevention in current clinical practice.

Benefit of early oseltamivir therapy for adults hospitalized with influenza A: an observational study.

Background: clinical guidelines recommend initiation of antiviral therapy as soon as possible for patients hospitalized with confirmed or suspected influenza.

Methods: A multicenter US observational sentinel surveillance network prospectively enrolled adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza at 24 hospitals during October 1, 2022-July 21, 2023. A multivariable proportional odds model was used to compare peak pulmonary disease severity (no oxygen support, standard supplemental oxygen, high-flow oxygen/non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death) after the day of hospital admission among patients starting oseltamivir treatment on the day of admission (early) versus those who did not (late or not treated), adjusting for baseline (admission day) severity, age, sex, site, and vaccination status.

Perioperative Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults: A Single-Center Retrospective Review and Analysis.

Introduction: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for refractory in-hospital cardiac arrest has been associated with improved survival compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Perioperative patients represent a unique of the inpatient population. This study aims to describe and analyze the characteristics and outcomes of patients who received ECPR for perioperative cardiac arrest (POCA).

Implementation of a university-wide health-system collaborative to provide pharmacy preceptor development across multiple institutions.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Evolving Strategies in Cardiac Amyloidosis: From Mechanistic Discoveries to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances.

Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis have rapidly evolved over the past decade by harnessing mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Cardiac amyloidosis is caused by myocardial deposition of fibrils formed by misfolded proteins, namely transthyretin (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chains (AL). Advances in noninvasive imaging have revolutionized diagnosis of ATTR cardiomyopathy (CM).

Mobile stroke units services in Germany: A cost-effectiveness modeling perspective on catchment zones, operating modes, and staffing.

Background And Purpose: Investigating the cost-effectiveness of future mobile stroke unit (MSU) services with respect to local idiosyncrasies is essential for enabling large-scale implementation of MSU services. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness for varying urban German settings and modes of operation.

Methods: Costs of different operating times together with different personnel configurations were simulated.

Cannabinoids and General Anesthetics: Revisiting Molecular Mechanisms of Their Pharmacological Interactions.

Cannabis has been used for recreation and medical purposes for more than a millennium across the world; however, its use's consequences remain poorly understood. Although a growing number of surgical patients are regular cannabis consumers, little is known regarding the pharmacological interactions between cannabis and general anesthetics; consequently, there is not a solid consensus among anesthesiologists on the perioperative management of these patients. The existing evidence about the molecular mechanisms underlying pharmacological interactions between cannabinoids and anesthetic agents, both in animal models and in humans, shows divergent results.

Care Quality and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Premorbid Dementia: Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Registry.

Background: Patients with premorbid dementia have been generally excluded from trials of stroke therapies, and their dementia diagnosis may affect the care received. There are few data on the quality of stroke care and outcomes in these patients.

Methods: We compared the quality of care and outcomes for acute ischemic stroke patients with versus without premorbid dementia using national data from the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke registry between July 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021.

Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Intraoperative Analysis and Postoperative Success of Revision Surgery for Persistent and Recurrent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Background: This paper reviews the signs and symptoms of recurrent or persistent carpal tunnel syndrome and examines some of the causes of failed primary carpal tunnel release.

Methods: A retrospective review of the surgical findings and outcomes of 29 consecutive patients who underwent 30 revision carpal tunnel operations was performed. Patient outcomes were recorded at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively.

A Health Care Clinical Data Platform for Rapid Deployment of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms for Cancer Care and Oncology Clinical Trials.

The xCures platform aggregates, organizes, structures, and normalizes clinical EMR data across care sites, utilizing advanced technologies for near real-time access. The platform generates data in a format to support clinical care, accelerate research, and promote artificial intelligence/ machine learning algorithm development, highlighted by a clinical decision support algorithm for precision oncology.