Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Background: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a derivative of aflatoxin B1 and a significant contaminant of milk and dairy products. In this study, we implemented an umbrella review of all existing systematic reviews and meta-analyzing studies to apprise and summarize the worldwide prevalence and level of AFM1 in milk and dairy products.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of structured review and meta-analysis articles published in English until January 2024, with no time limit.

Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model.

Objectives: Adjuvants are some of the most important components used for vaccine formulation. In addition, the efficacy of vaccines is highly dependent on the nature of the adjuvants used. Therefore, new adjuvant formulations may help develop more potent vaccines.

First Report of HPV Genotyping and Distribution in People Living with and Without HIV from Iran and the Middle East.

Aims: In people living with human immune deficiency (PLHIV), the rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mixed types, and high-risk (HR) strains increase, while the virus clearance is prevented. Here, we report HPV genotyping in PLHIVs from Iran and the Middle East region for the first time.

Methods: HPV genotyping in referring individuals from different provinces to our laboratory was evaluated over 2023-2024.

Human Brucellosis in the Rural and Urban Population of Pakistan: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Manifestations.

Brucella spp. is the bacterium responsible for brucellosis, a zoonotic infection that affects humans. This disease poses significant health challenges and contributes to poverty, particularly in developing countries.

In silico MLVA Analysis of Brucella melitensis from Human and Livestock in Iran.

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp. globally, is of great significance not only to livestock but also to public health. The most significant of the twelve species is Brucella melitensis.

Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Their Adjunct Role in the Management of COVID-19 Infections and Post-COVID Syndrome.

The COVID-19 epidemic in recent years has been produced by various coronavirus strains that nearly destroyed world health policies and economics. Emerging viral strains exac-erbated the pandemic. Huge investments have been made in preventative vaccines to combat the disease, but the genetic instability of these viruses has hampered their usefulness.

Cell Identification, Characterization, and Documentation for Use in the Production of Biological Products.

There is always a concern about the quality of cell-based products in terms of the contamination of the cells and their lack of efficiency. Therefore, it is of prime importance to ensure these cells' identity, purity, efficacy, and suitability for the production of biological products and diagnostic uses. Hence, cells must be identified, evaluated, documented, and stored to be used consistently and efficiently.

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato control measures: a specific focus on vaccines for both definitive and intermediate hosts.

Echinococcosis, a neglected zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms, presents significant public health challenges worldwide. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis has substantial health and economic impacts, necessitating effective prevention and control strategies. The present review provides a framework to expand our knowledge regarding key components of echinococcosis prevention and control, including phases, options, targets and available tools as well as current gaps and challenges in the field.

Bovine Brucellosis: First Comprehensive Evaluation from Hamedan, an Endemic Area in Iran.

Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease. The disease is one of the major concerns in developing societies due to its great importance for public health and economic losses in the animal industry. The principal target of the study was to detect the prevalence of brucellosis and associated risk factors in cattle from Hamedan (western Iran) using different laboratory techniques.

Novel zoonotic and genotypes in domestic pigeons () in Iran: Public health implications.

To determine the occurrence of microsporidiosis in domestic pigeons in Iran, privately-owned pigeons presenting weight loss and diarrhea were tested through molecular and histopathological methods. Multiplex-PCR findings showed 57%, 30%, and 14% positivity for , , and mixed infection in the fecal samples, respectively. A novel genotype, named IrnEb1, falling into zoonotic group 1 of , and a novel genotype of , named Irn2E, clustering as a sister taxon to genotype 2B were identified in pigeons for the first time using Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analyses.

Comparative assessment of brucellosis detection in dogs: In-house ELISA versus Rose Bengal Plate Test utilizing rough and smooth antigens.

Brucella canis and smooth Brucella species infections have been reported in dogs globally. In endemic countries such as Türkiye, dogs can be infected with both species. The exact incidence of canine brucellosis in Türkiye is unknown.

Honeybee defense mechanisms: Role of honeybee gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides in maintaining colony health and preventing diseases.

Honeybees play a vital role in pollination and the maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity, making their health and well-being crucial for agriculture and environmental sustainability. Bee health is modulated by symbiotic microorganisms colonizing the gut in balanced proportions. Studies have demonstrated that these beneficial bacteria have the capacity to enhance the immune system of honey bees, having substantial impact on regulating their immunological responses and hence aiding in defending against pathogenic illnesses.

Epstein-Barr Virus and gastric carcinoma pathogenesis with emphasis on underlying epigenetic mechanisms.

Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the top causes of cancer-related mortality around the world. The pathogenesis of GC is attributed to lifestyle, family history, genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, as well as infectious agents such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). EBV, a ubiquitous human gamma herpes virus, with latent asymptomatic infection in more than 95% of the world's population, is able to infect through the oral epithelium.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Intranasal Razi Cov Pars as a COVID-19 Booster Vaccine in Adults: Promising Results from a Groundbreaking Clinical Trial.

Protective antibodies in the upper respiratory tract prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community. Intranasal vaccines could raise the specific secretory IgA and IgG levels. This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of Razi Cov Pars (RCP) intranasal recombinant protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine as a booster in adults.

Immunological characterization of recombinant outer membrane Loa22 protein of local pathogenic serovars.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spp, often occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Focusing on development of rapid diagnostic methods to facilitate early diagnosis and a universal vaccine are the main critical issues to overcome the burden of leptospirosis. Here, we have studied the immunogenic potential of prepared recombinant Loa22 protein (rLoa22) of local pathogenic species in mice and its ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity, being further evaluated by analyzing the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and cytokines produced through immunization.

Analysis of immunological and biochemical parameters after booster dose vaccination using protein-based and inactivated virus vaccine for safety.

Introduction: Heterologous vaccines enhance the immune response to new variants and allow flexibility in booster administration when the original vaccine is unavailable. Studies show that heterologous boosters can generate comparable or superior antibody responses compared to homologous boosters. Considering rare side effects is essential in evaluating COVID-19 vaccines, especially those associated with ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.

Comprehensive study on human brucellosis seroprevalence and Brucella species distribution in Iran (1970-2023).

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that causes enormous economic losses in livestock populations and severe debilitation in humans globally. This study analyzes the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in Iran from 1970 to 2023, revealing key epidemiological trends based on data from 20,046 individuals. Through serological, culture, and molecular tests, it identifies the Brucella species affecting humans over five decades.

An overview of probiotic camel milk as a nutritional beverage: Challenges and perspectives.

There are challenges such as standardization for commercialization and guaranteeing sensory characteristics in camel milk processing. This review gathers a general view of the probiotic camel milk, its contents, its health aspects, and its industrial production. One of the potential candidates of a healthy food product is "probiotic camel milk" which contains several nutritional elements including Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria and postbiotics such as endopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides, numerous beneficial enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, teichoic acids, peptides, peptidoglycan-derived neuropeptides, cell surface proteins, different vitamins, plasmalogens, and different kinds of organic acids.