National Guidelines for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Iranian Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Background: Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran.

Methods: The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME).

An overview on prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake in malignancies other than prostate cancer: A pictorial essay.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a Type II transmembrane glycoprotein which is extremely overexpressed in prostate cancer epithelial cells. Recently, PSMA-targeted small molecule labeled with Ga and Tc allowed precise molecular imaging of prostate cancer and PSMA-targeted small molecule labeled with 177Lu leads to the development of radionuclide-targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Despite its name, it has been shown that PSMA has been expressed in several malignancies which can be due to significant neovascularization.

Imaging of COVID-19: CT, MRI, and PET.

Soon after reports of a novel coronavirus capable of causing severe pneumonia surfaced in late 2019, expeditious global spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) forced the World Health Organization to declare an international state of emergency. Although best known for causing symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in mild cases and fulminant pneumonia in severe disease, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has also been associated with gastrointestinal, neurologic, cardiac, and hematologic presentations. Despite concerns over poor specificity and undue radiation exposure, chest imaging nonetheless remains central to the initial diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 progression, as well as to the evaluation of complications.

Promoter methylation, transcription, and retrotransposition of LINE-1 in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.

Background: The methylation of the CpG islands of the LINE-1 promoter is a tight control mechanism on the function of mobile elements. However, simultaneous quantification of promoter methylation and transcription of LINE-1 has not been performed in progressive stages of colorectal cancer. In addition, the insertion of mobile elements in the genome of advanced adenoma stage, a precancerous stage before colorectal carcinoma has not been emphasized.

Communication barriers between basic scientists and clinicians in regenerative medicine: A qualitative study from Iran.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: Cell-based therapeutics are among the latest advances in health care technologies. The rapid evolution of stem cell science in Iran has necessitated the application of scientific achievements in clinical settings. However, various issues hindered their translation, in particular, impediments in the interactions of basic stem cell scientists and clinicians.

Comparison of Patient's Kidney Function Based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Criteria and Clinical Parameters in Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery in On-Pump and Off-pump Methods in Patients with Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) After Surgery.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the serious complications of cardiac surgery. It is worsened when accompanied by low cardiac output syndrome.

Objectives: In this study, we compared kidney function based on the KDIGO criteria in isolated on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Expression of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform in plasma and stool of patients with colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps.

Background: Tumor pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (tM2-PK), which is an isoform of PK-glycolytic enzyme and appears on the surface of cancerous proliferating cells, has been used as a diagnostic biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the tM2-PK measurement test for the diagnosis of CRCs and adenomatous polyps in plasma and stool samples in an Iranian population.

Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 226 stool and 178 plasma samples were received from patients referred to colonoscopy units.

Lu-labeled cyclic RGD peptide as an imaging and targeted radionuclide therapeutic agent in non-small cell lung cancer: Biological evaluation and preclinical study.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is among the most lethal lung cancers responsible for 80-85% of death. αβ integrin receptor subtype has been identified as a lung cancer biomarker since its expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis. The extracellular domain of the receptor forms a binding site for RGD-based sequences.

Is the Detection of Factor IX Inhibitors in Hemophilia B Orphan than Factor VIII Inhibitors in Hemophilia A? A Concise, Systematic Review.

Objective: Development of inhibitors in hemophilia A and B comprise significant challenge for patients, hematologists, and health provider systems. It has recommended by the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) to check inhibitors every 3-4 months. The incidence of inhibitor in hemophilia B is lower than hemophilia A.

68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Management of Esthesioneuroblastoma of the Sphenoclival Region.

We present a 48-year-old woman with an olfactory neuroblastoma who was referred for accurate staging using PET/CT. The Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed a 51 × 32-mm mass with an SUVmax of 7.59 in the sphenoidal sinuses, whereas radiotracer uptake on F-FDG PET/CT was similar to that of brain tissue.

Selective capture of plasma cell-free tumor DNA on magnetic beads: a sensitive and versatile tool for liquid biopsy.

Purpose: Recently, 'solid tumor biopsies' have been challenged by the emergence of 'liquid biopsies', which are aimed at the isolation and detection of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in body fluids. Here, we developed and optimized a method for selective capture of ctDNA on magnetic beads (SCC-MAG) for mutation detection in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Blood and tissue samples from 28 CRC patients were included for the detection of KRAS mutations.

Neuronal injury and death following focal mild brain injury: The role of network excitability and seizure.

Objectives: While traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predisposing factor for development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), the occurrence of seizures following brain trauma can infuriate adverse consequences of brain injury. However, the effect of seizures in epileptogenesis after mild TBI cannot yet be accurately confirmed. This study was designed to investigate the histopathological and molecular modifications induced by seizures on traumatized brain.

Radiosynthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Preclinical Study of a Ga-Labeled Cyclic RGD Peptide as an Early Diagnostic Agent for Overexpressed Integrin Receptors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

The integrin receptors have high expression on proliferating growing tumor cells of different origins including non-small-cell lung cancer. RGD-containing peptides target the extracellular domain of integrin receptors. This specific targeting makes these short sequences a suitable nominee for theranostic application.

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty in allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction of the proximal femur following primary bone tumour resection.

Aims: The consensus is that bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA) in allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) reconstruction of the proximal femur following primary tumour resection provides more stability than total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, no comparative study has been performed. In this study, we have compared the outcome and complication rates of these two methods.

Hepatic Function and Fibrosis Assessment Via 2D-Shear Wave Elastography and Related Biochemical Markers Pre- and Post-Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits a worldwide distribution and encompasses a wider range of hepatic abnormalities that can culminate in serious clinical outcomes. The growing incidence of NAFLD necessitates more efficient management strategies particularly in clinically severe obese patients. Weight reduction is the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment; therefore, bariatric surgery could be a therapeutic approach in selected obese patients afflicted with NAFLD and other cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Prevalence of Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Adenoma/Polyp in Early-Onset, Advanced Cases: a Cross-Sectional Study Based on Iranian Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry.

Background: Lynch syndrome (LS) increases the risk of many types of cancer, mainly colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in patients under the age of 50 with advanced adenomatous polyps, aiming at an early diagnosis of LS.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included eligible patients with advanced adenomas diagnosed ≤ 50 years of age registered between April 2014 and February 2017 at three pathology centers in Mashhad.

Potential application of lutetium-177-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 radioligand therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a limited resource environment: Initial clinical experience after 2 years.

In recent years, lutetium-177 (Lu)-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 has become a promising new therapeutic agent in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this study, we report on an early experience of Lu-PSMA therapy with an evaluation of its efficacy and safety in mCRPC patients. Twenty-one mCRPC patients with a mean age of 70.

Crosstalk between DNA methylation and gene expression in colorectal cancer, a potential plasma biomarker for tracing this tumor.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer mortality, constitutes a significant global health burden. An accurate, noninvasive detection method for CRC as complement to colonoscopy could improve the effectiveness of treatment. In the present study, SureSelectXT Methyl-Seq was performed on cancerous and normal colon tissues and CLDN1, INHBA and SLC30A10 were found as candidate methylated genes.

Advanced Case of Achalasia That Appeared on 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT.

We report a known case of severe achalasia that appeared on Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. The patient was a known case of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma and suspicious diagnosis of prostate cancer referred for Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed linear increased activity in the esophageal wall as well as a distended esophagus.

Perceived benefits of the disease: A qualitative study of patients' experiences of heart failure.

Heart failure may bring about positive outcomes, which have not been adequately addressed in the literature. Therefore, this qualitative study sought to scrutinize the experiences of patients and the perceived positive effects of heart failure. The opinions of 19 patients with heart failure in Mashhad city (Iran) were collected via semistructured interviews from December 2017 to November 2018.

Advanced modalities of molecular imaging in precision medicine for musculoskeletal malignancies.

Musculoskeletal malignancies consist of a heterogenous group of mesenchymal tumors, often with high inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. The early and accurate diagnosis of these malignancies can have a substantial impact on optimal treatment and quality of life for these patients. Several new applications and techniques have emerged in molecular imaging, including advances in multimodality imaging, the development of novel radiotracers, and advances in image analysis with radiomics and artificial intelligence.

Development of an effective liposomal cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) vaccine for protecting against atherosclerosis in rabbit model.

Clinical trials of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) peptide vaccine were stopped after disappointing results in humans due to the inadequacy of adjuvant aluminum hydroxide in stimulating the immune response against the self-antigen of CETP. To increase the efficacy of the CETP vaccine, we developed a novel liposomal form of tetanus toxoid-CETP (TT-CETP) peptide (Lip CETP) with well-characterized properties and high encapsulation efficiency. The vaccine efficacy against atherosclerosis was evaluated in rabbits challenged with a high cholesterol diet.