A Prospective Evaluation of Chemokine Receptor-4 (CXCR4) Overexpression in High-grade Glioma Using Ga-Pentixafor (Pars-Cixafor™) PET/CT Imaging.

Background: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard for morphological imaging, its ability to differentiate between tumor tissue and treatment-induced changes on the cellular level is insufficient. Notably, glioma cells, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), demonstrate overexpression of chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of non-invasive Ga-Cixafor™ PET/CT as a tool to improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with high-grade glioma.

Nutritional requirements in pregnancy and lactation.

Optimal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is vital for the health of the mother and fetus. Nutritional needs should begin in the preconception period, as the fetus depends on the placenta for essential nutrients required for growth and development. A balanced diet rich in nutrient-dense foods-such as whole grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, legumes, fish, and lean meats-is essential to meet caloric needs during pregnancy.

Rare locations of peripheral aneurysms in Marfan syndrome treated surgically: a case report.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder that can lead to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Aortic aneurysms and dissections are frequently seen in patients with MFS whereas peripheral vascular aneurysms in subclavian and axillary arteries territory considered very unusual. We reported a case of 54-year-old female with known history of MFS who had undergone a mechanical valve Bentall procedure due to severe aortic regurgitation and ascending aorta aneurysm in addition to thoracoabdominal aortic repair and who presented with a pulsatile painful mass in her right axillary region that turn to be significant true aneurysms of right subclavian and axillary arteries.

Radiotracer Innovations in Breast Cancer Imaging: A Review of Recent Progress.

This review focuses on the pivotal role of radiotracers in breast cancer imaging, emphasizing their importance in accurate detection, staging, and treatment monitoring. Radiotracers, labeled with radioactive isotopes, are integral to various nuclear imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission mammography (PEM). The most widely used radiotracer in breast cancer imaging is F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG), which highlights areas of increased glucose metabolism, a hallmark of many cancer cells.

Prognostic Significance of Baseline Clinical and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET Derived Parameters on Biochemical Response, Overall Survival, and PSA Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Patients Undergoing [177Lu]Lu-PSMA Therapy.

Background: In this study, we sought to identify the clinical baseline characteristics and pre-therapy 68Ga-PSMA PET derived parameters that can have impact on PSA (biochemical) response, OS and PSA PFS in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who undergo RLT with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617.

Methods: Various pre-treatment clinical and PSMA PET derived parameters were gathered and computed. We used PSA response as the criteria for more than a 50% decrease in PSA level, and OS and PSA PFS as endpoints.

[ Ga]Ga-CXCR4 PET/CT imaging in high-grade glioma for assessment of CXCR4 receptor expression.

Purpose: Gliomas account for 75 % of primary malignant CNS tumors. High-grade glioma (CNS WHO grades 3 and 4) have an unfavorable treatment response and poor outcome. CXCR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an important part in the signaling pathway between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment.

Double Connection of Left-Sided Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Vein Return in a Young Man.

Double connection of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a very rare congenital anomaly where at least one pulmonary vein, but not all, drains into the left atrium and systemic venous circulation with subsequent left to right shunt.

An Update on the Role of mpMRI and Ga-PSMA PET Imaging in Primary and Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

The objective of this work was to review comparisons of the efficacy of Ga-PSMA-11 (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the detection of prostate cancer among patients undergoing initial staging prior to radical prostatectomy or experiencing recurrent prostate cancer, based on histopathological data. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, and relevant articles were analyzed with various parameters, including year of publication, study design, patient count, age, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) value, Gleason score, standardized uptake value (SUV), detection rate, treatment history, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and PI-RADS (prostate imaging reporting and data system) scores. Only studies directly comparing PSMA-PET and mpMRI were considered, while those examining combined accuracy or focusing on either modality alone were excluded.

Automated segmentation of lesions and organs at risk on [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images using self-supervised learning with Swin UNETR.

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging is widely used for quantitative image analysis, especially in radioligand therapy (RLT) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unknown features influencing PSMA biodistribution can be explored by analyzing segmented organs at risk (OAR) and lesions. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, so automated segmentation methods are desirable.

The relationships between dietary patterns and socioeconomic status with anthropometric and body composition indices in Iranian preschool children: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian children is on the rise. Dietary patterns (DPs) and socioeconomic status ( socioeconomic status (SES)) may relate to children's excess weight as a predictor of the risk of obesity in adulthood that may vary by geographical regions.

Aim: The relationship between DPs and the development of obesity in preschool children has not been adequately evaluated.

Endovascular Treatment of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience from a Developing Country.

 In recent years, endovascular methods have been developed to treat intracranial aneurysms. To date, results of endovascular treatment (EVT) for anterior communicating aneurysms (ACoAs) have never been investigated in Iran. Thus, we sought to assess the mid-term angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with ACoAs who underwent EVT in a tertiary center.

A convolutional neural network-based system for fully automatic segmentation of whole-body [Ga]Ga-PSMA PET images in prostate cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was development and evaluation of a fully automated tool for the detection and segmentation of mPCa lesions in whole-body [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET scans by using a nnU-Net framework.

Methods: In this multicenter study, a cohort of 412 patients from three different center with all indication of PCa who underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were enrolled. Two hundred cases of center 1 dataset were used for training the model.

Coronary Cameral Fistula Manifested as Angina Pectoris in a 40-Year Old Female.

Unlabelled: Coronary cameral fistula (CCF) is defined as an abnormal connection between the coronary artery and any cardiac chamber. It usually appears due to abnormal embryogenesis and represents less than 1% of the population. Most CCF cases are asymptomatic, however large CCFs may cause symptoms and complications.

Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy versus Open Microdiskectomy for Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation: A Comparative Cohort Study on Costs and Long-Term Outcomes.

Background:  Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (TELD) is considered an effective treatment for lumbar disk herniation (LDH). There is a paucity of studies comparing in detail the costs and long-term clinical outcomes of TELD and open microdiskectomy (MD), especially in developing countries. Thus, we sought to provide a multidimensional insight into this matter by comparing the direct costs and long-term outcomes of TELD with those of MD.

Initial Staging and Response Evaluation With 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a Rare Case of Nested Variant Urothelial Urethral Cancer.

Primary urothelial urethral cancer is a relatively infrequent but serious form of cancer in the urinary tract, and nested variant is extremely rare. Until now, no studies have been published regarding 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with primary urothelial urethral cancer. In this study, we discussed the role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging, treatment response evaluation, and recurrence assessment of a 53-year-old woman with nested variant urothelial urethral cancer, which could lead to timely diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of involvement, thus achieving the best treatment plan for this group of patients.

Unilateral Chronic Parotitis With 68 Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in a Case of a Patient With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

The 68 Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) radiotracer is a novel and versatile tool in nuclear medicine, exhibiting potential for use in various conditions due to its significant upregulation in cancerous and inflammatory conditions, particularly those involving fibrotic and infectious processes. In this report, we present the case of a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy and iodine therapy. He was referred because of high thyroglobulin despite negative diagnostic radioiodine imaging (TENIS syndrome).

Differential privacy preserved federated transfer learning for multi-institutional Ga-PET image artefact detection and disentanglement.

Purpose: Image artefacts continue to pose challenges in clinical molecular imaging, resulting in misdiagnoses, additional radiation doses to patients and financial costs. Mismatch and halo artefacts occur frequently in gallium-68 (Ga)-labelled compounds whole-body PET/CT imaging. Correcting for these artefacts is not straightforward and requires algorithmic developments, given that conventional techniques have failed to address them adequately.

Spinal Ganglioneuroma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Spinal ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign tumors that often manifest as symptoms related to the compression of neural elements. The preferred treatment for affected patients is surgical resection, which typically improves symptoms and accompanies a low likelihood of tumor recurrence. We conducted a systematic review of reports of GNs involving the spinal cord and nerve roots, examining their clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes.

The Association Between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) With Metabolic Risk Factors Among Apparently Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obese Individuals.

Recent studies have evaluated the association between specific beverage intake and metabolic risks in adults. However, more evidence is needed to examine the association between the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and metabolic factors. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between HBI and metabolic factors in adults.

Dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI), cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance among adults with obesity.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, is a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Considering the previous evidence of the association between carbohydrate quality and cardiometabolic risk factors, our study was aimed to evaluate any possible association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 336 apparently healthy individuals with obesity were participated.