Localized translation and sarcomere maintenance requires ribosomal protein SA in mice.

Cardiomyocyte sarcomeres contain localized ribosomes, but the factors responsible for their localization and the significance of localized translation are unknown. Using proximity labeling, we identified ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) as a Z-line protein. In cultured cardiomyocytes, the loss of RPSA led to impaired local protein translation and reduced sarcomere integrity.

PON1 has palmitoyl-protein thioesterase (PPT) activity, and can affect the presence of SR-B1 on the endothelial cell membrane.

The high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is expressed almost exclusively in the liver and is then transported by HDL to the peripheral tissues. The lipophilic nature of PON1 enables its easy exchange between the lipoprotein and cell membranes in a process that is dependent on the HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-B1). In endothelial cells, PON1 binding to the cell membrane leads to its internalization by endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation.

Novel bioactive lipids enhanced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages through the ABCA1 receptor pathway.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has traditionally been acknowledged as "good cholesterol" owing to its significant association with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis. This association is primarily attributed to HDL's direct involvement in cholesterol efflux capacity, which plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport. A novel active compound from Nannochloropsis microalgae termed lyso-DGTS, a lipid that contains EPA fatty acids, was previously isolated and found to increase paraoxonase 1 activity and enhance HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and HDL-induced endothelial nitric oxide release.

Single-cell analysis of the aged ovarian immune system reveals a shift towards adaptive immunity and attenuated cell function.

The immune system plays a major role in maintaining many physiological processes in the reproductive system. However, a complete characterization of the immune milieu in the ovary, and particularly how it is affected by female aging, is still lacking. Here, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry to construct the complete description of the murine ovarian immune system.

Lyso-DGTS Lipid Derivatives Enhance PON1 Activities and Prevent Oxidation of LDL: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) plays a role in regulating reverse cholesterol transport and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, vasodilative, and antithrombotic activities. Scientists are currently focused on the modulation of PON1 expression using different pharmacological, nutritional, and lifestyle approaches. We previously isolated a novel active compound from microalgae-lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (lyso-DGTS)-which increased PON1 activity, HDL-cholesterol efflux, and endothelial nitric oxide release.

Neuronal role of taxi is imperative for flight in Drosophila melanogaster.

Extensive studies in Drosophila have led to the elucidation of the roles of many molecular players involved in the sensorimotor coordination of flight. However, the identification and characterisation of new players can add novel perspectives to the process. In this paper, we show that the extant mutant, jumper, is a hypermorphic allele of the taxi/delilah gene, which encodes a transcription factor.

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Metabolic Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a network of cancerous and non-cancerous cells, together with associated blood vessels, the extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. The TME contributes to cancer progression during various phases of tumorigenesis, and interactions that take place within the TME have become targets of focus in cancer therapy development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be conveyors of genetic material, proteins, and lipids within the TME.

Insight into Extracellular Vesicle-Cell Communication: From Cell Recognition to Intracellular Fate.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous structures secreted by cells. They are comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, and carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins that are necessary for cell-to-cell communication via interaction on the cells surface. They initiate intracellular signaling pathways or the transference of cargo molecules, which elicit pleiotropic responses in recipient cells in physiological processes, as well as pathological processes, such as cancer.

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer-Nerve Crosstalk of the Peripheral Nervous System.

Although the pathogenic operations of cancer-nerve crosstalk (e.g., neuritogenesis, neoneurogensis, and perineural invasion-PNI) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) during tumorigenesis, as well as the progression of all cancer types is continuing to emerge as an area of unique scientific interest and study, extensive, wide-ranging, and multidisciplinary investigations still remain fragmented and unsystematic.

Spatial correlations constrain cellular lifespan and pattern formation in corneal epithelium homeostasis.

Homeostasis in adult tissues relies on the replication dynamics of stem cells, their progenitors and the spatial balance between them. This spatial and kinetic coordination is crucial to the successful maintenance of tissue size and its replenishment with new cells. However, our understanding of the role of cellular replicative lifespan and spatial correlation between cells in shaping tissue integrity is still lacking.

Drosophila Skp1 Homologue SkpA Plays a Neuroprotective Role in Adult Brain.

Skp1, a component of the ubiquitin E3 ligases, was found to be decreased in the brains of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and its overexpression prevented death of murine neurons in culture. Here we expose the neuroprotective role of the Drosophila skp1 homolog, skpA, in the adult brain. Neuronal knockdown of skpA leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates and loss of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by motor dysfunction and reduced lifespan.

Modeling Bainbridge-Ropers Syndrome in Embryos.

The genes are linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders. The truncating variants in ASXL1-3 proteins serve as the genetic basis for severe neurodevelopmental diseases such as Bohring-Opitz, Shashi-Pena, and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes, respectively. The phenotypes of these syndromes are similar but not identical, and include dramatic craniofacial defects, microcephaly, developmental delay, and severe intellectual disability, with a loss of speech and language.

18-kDa Translocator Protein Ligands Protect H9C2 Cardiomyocytes from Cigarette Smoke-induced Cell Death: Study.

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) can induce cellular damage via alterations in 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-related functions, leading to cardiovascular diseases. The current study focused on the possible protective effect of TSPO ligands against CS-induced damage to cardiac cells.

Materials And Methods: H9C2 Cardiomyocyte cell line of rat origin was pre-treated with TSPO ligands.

Glial phagocytosis in developing and mature Drosophila CNS: tight regulation for a healthy brain.

Glia are heterogeneous and multitasking cell type in the nervous system that supports neuronal function. One of the main glial tasks is removal of unneeded and potentially harmful material through phagocytosis. Glial phagocytosis is highly conserved throughout evolution, which makes genetic model organisms such as Drosophila of great value for investigating its molecular mechanisms.

Glial Phagocytic Receptors Promote Neuronal Loss in Adult Drosophila Brain.

Glial phagocytosis is critical for the development and maintenance of the CNS in vertebrates and flies and relies on the function of phagocytic receptors to remove apoptotic cells and debris. Glial phagocytic ability declines with age, which correlates with neuronal dysfunction, suggesting that increased glial phagocytosis may prevent neurodegeneration. Contradicting this hypothesis, we provide experimental evidence showing that an elevated expression of the phagocytic receptors Six-Microns-Under (SIMU) and Draper (Drpr) in adult Drosophila glia leads to a loss of both dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons, accompanied by motor dysfunction and a shortened lifespan.

Cigarette smoke, saliva, the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), and oral cancer.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) incidence is induced primarily by cigarette smoke (CS). The 5-year survival rate for advanced OSCC stands at only 20%. Studies exploring underlying mechanisms of OSCC development have suggested free radicals such as reactive oxygen species generated by CS as contributing to OSCC, with effects enhanced by transition metal ions iron and copper contained in the saliva.

Non-primary salivary malignancies: A 22-year retrospective study.

Purpose: Most salivary gland malignancies are primary tumors, but in our medical center one of six is non-primary. The relative scarcity of such reports justifies studying them.

Subjects & Methods: We studied patients' demographic and clinical parameters, salivary tumors/metastasis, diagnosis and treatment, and survival rates.

Kaplan-Meier analysis of salivary gland tumors: prognosis and long-term survival.

Purpose: We evaluated the impact of various tumor related parameters on survival probability in a cohort of patients with malignant salivary tumors, using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Methods: We measured patients up to 15 years following therapy, looking at T N M stage, grade perineural invasion and extra-parenchymal spread.

Results: Of 101 patients diagnosed with various salivary malignant tumors in our medical center, 79 patients survived while 22 died with disease (DWD).

Mortality rates and prognostic factors in patients with malignant salivary tumors.

Malignancies of the salivary glands represent a multifarious disease. Evaluating the prognostic factors of these malignancies may help predict patient outcome and aid decision-making in choosing the most suitable therapy. We examined the role of various salivary tumorigenic, clinical and therapeutic features in a cohort of 101 patients diagnosed and treated for primary malignant salivary tumors.

PTK7 proteolytic fragment proteins function during early Xenopus development.

Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) is as a critical regulator of canonical and non-canonical Wnt-signaling during embryonic development and cancer cell formation. Disrupting PTK7 activity perturbs vertebrate nervous system development, and also promotes human cancer formation. Observations in different model systems suggest a complex cross-talk between PTK7 protein and Wnt signaling.

New roles for Wnt and BMP signaling in neural anteroposterior patterning.

During amphibian development, neural patterning occurs via a two-step process. Spemann's organizer secretes BMP antagonists that induce anterior neural tissue. A subsequent caudalizing step re-specifies anterior fated cells to posterior fates such as hindbrain and spinal cord.

Survival Probabilities Related to Histology, Grade and Stage in Patients With Salivary Gland Tumors.

Background: The diversity of malignant salivary gland tumors challenges the study of survival rates. The current study evaluated patient survival rates using Kaplan-Meier analysis and examined the relative effects of histology, grade and stage on survival.

Materials And Methods: Using the Kaplan-Meier model, cancer-specific (CSS) and disease-free (DFS) survival probabilities were calculated as a function of time.

Salivary malignancies- medical, demographic and diagnostic analysis.

We examined systemic medical and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with salivary malignant tumors in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Of 101 patients who received definitive treatment for malignant salivary gland tumors in our medical center, 22 died with disease (DwD) and were compared with the remaining 79 patients (Other). Mean ages were 66.

Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Injection of Ziv-Aflibercept in Albino Rabbits.

Purpose: To evaluate retinal toxicity of ziv-aflibercept, a drug that had been approved for use for patients with colon cancer.

Methods: Twenty-two albino rabbits were injected intravitreally with 0.1 mL of ziv-aflibercept solution into the experimental eye and 0.