Maternal Knowledge and Practice during Postnatal Period Regarding Newborn Care at Hospital Setting.

Care of newborn is traditionally provided by mothers. Maternal knowledge and practice of newborn care can significantly affect neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is convincing concern to explore knowledge and practice of postnatal mothers regarding newborn care.

Motivating healthcare workers (HCWs) to ensure service delivery during public health emergencies: Insights from a discrete choice experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

The disruption of health service delivery during public health emergencies, like Ebola and COVID-19, due to hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) is well-documented. While previous studies have identified motivating factors for HCWs, accommodating all is often unfeasible due to resource limitations. Thus, identifying precise preferences is crucial from a policy standpoint.

Role of White Blood Cell Count, Immature to Total Ratio and C-Reactive Protein in Early Detection of Clinically Suspected Neonatal Sepsis.

Despite recent advances in neonatal care, early detection of neonatal sepsis still remains challenging. Positive blood culture is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of neonatal sepsis but is time consuming and demands a well equipped laboratory setting. Therefore, it becomes imperative to evaluate usefulness of white blood cell count, Immature to total (IT) ratio and C-reactive protein as potential markers in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

The Use of the "Respiratory Rate Oxygenation (ROX) Index" in the Assessment of Respiratory Support and Observation of Its Outcome in COVID-19 Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure.

Background: COVID-19 infection caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus may result in severe acute respiratory failure and require respiratory support in the ICU.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of the respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index in the assessment of the adequacy of non-invasive respiratory support the COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure and observe its outcome.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between October 2020 and September 2021 in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Prevalence of epilepsy in Bangladesh: Results from a national household survey.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of epilepsy in Bangladesh.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey among Bangladeshi population of all ages, except children under one month. We surveyed 9839 participants (urban, 4918; rural, 4920) recruited at their households using multistage cluster sampling.

Infectious Etiologies of Intussusception Among Children <2 Years Old in 4 Asian Countries.

Background: The etiology of intussusception, the leading cause of bowel obstruction in infants, is unknown in most cases. Adenovirus has been associated with intussusception and slightly increased risk of intussusception with rotavirus vaccination has been found. We conducted a case-control study among children <2 years old in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam to evaluate infectious etiologies of intussusception before rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Inconsistency in Diarrhea Measurements when Assessing Intervention Impact in a Non-Blinded Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

To explore the consistency in impact evaluation based on reported diarrhea, we compared diarrhea data collected through two different surveys and with observed diarrhea-associated hospitalization for children aged ≤ 5 years from a non-blinded cluster-randomized trial conducted over 2 years in urban Dhaka. We have previously reported that the interventions did not reduce diarrhea-associated hospitalization for children aged ≤ 5 years in this trial. We randomly allocated 90 geographic clusters comprising > 60,000 low-income households into three groups: cholera vaccine only, vaccine plus behavior change (cholera vaccine and handwashing plus drinking water chlorination promotion), and control.

Performance of Haematological Parameters in Early Diagnosis of Clinically Suspected Neonatal Sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis is one of the major health problems throughout the world and major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Positive blood culture considers the gold standard for confirmation of neonatal sepsis, but it does not provide rapid diagnosis. So this study was designed to find out the performance of haematological parameters in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Impact of a Large-Scale Handwashing Intervention on Reported Respiratory Illness: Findings from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

We assessed the impact of handwashing promotion on reported respiratory illness as a secondary outcome from among > 60,000 low-income households enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial conducted in Bangladesh. Ninety geographic clusters were randomly allocated into three groups: cholera-vaccine-only; vaccine-plus-behavior-change (handwashing promotion and drinking water chlorination); and control. Data on respiratory illness (fever plus either cough or nasal congestion or breathing difficulty within previous 2 days) and intervention uptake (presence of soap and water at handwashing station) were collected through monthly surveys conducted among a different subset of randomly selected households during the intervention period.

Evaluation of the Results of Ilizarov Ring Fixation in Schatzker Type VI Tibial Plateau Fracture.

High-energy tibial plateau fractures associated with severe soft tissue injury are difficult to manage. The risk of wound complications following open reduction and internal fixation is notably high owing to extensive soft tissue dissection. Alternatively, application of Ilizarov ring fixator minimizes soft tissue dissection and provides adequate fracture stabilization to allow early range of motion and correction of any mal-alignment.

Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Impaired Growth.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between faecal contamination in child play spaces, enteric infections, environmental enteropathy (EE) and impaired growth among young children.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted of 203 children 6-30 months of age in rural Bangladesh. Stool samples were analysed by quantitative PCR for Shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp.

Impact of adding hand-washing and water disinfection promotion to oral cholera vaccination on diarrhoea-associated hospitalization in Dhaka, Bangladesh: evidence from a cluster randomized control trial.

Background: Information on the impact of hygiene interventions on severe outcomes is limited. As a pre-specified secondary outcome of a cluster-randomized controlled trial among >400 000 low-income residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we examined the impact of cholera vaccination plus a behaviour change intervention on diarrhoea-associated hospitalization.

Methods: Ninety neighbourhood clusters were randomly allocated into three areas: cholera-vaccine-only; vaccine-plus-behaviour-change (promotion of hand-washing with soap plus drinking water chlorination); and control.

Mouthing of Soil Contaminated Objects is Associated with Environmental Enteropathy in Young Children.

Objective: To characterise childhood mouthing behaviours and to investigate the association between object-to-mouth and food-to-mouth contacts, diarrhoea prevalence and environmental enteropathy.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted of 216 children ≤30 months of age in rural Bangladesh. Mouthing contacts with soil and food and objects with visible soil were assessed by 5-h structured observation.

Geophagy Is Associated with Growth Faltering in Children in Rural Bangladesh.

Objective: To determine the relationship between geophagy (mouthing of dirt, sand, clay, or mud) and growth faltering in young children.

Study Design: We examined linear growth as height and weight standardized by age and sex, and weight standardized by height, in a cohort of children aged 6-36 months in rural Mirzapur, Bangladesh. We determined geophagy behavior at baseline through caregiver report.

A home calendar and recall method of last menstrual period for estimating gestational age in rural Bangladesh: a validation study.

Background: The best method of gestational age assessment is by ultrasound in the first trimester; however, this method is impractical in large field trials in rural areas. Our objective was to assess the validity of gestational age estimated from prospectively collected date of last menstrual period (LMP) using crown-rump length (CRL) measured in early pregnancy by ultrasound.

Methods: As part of a large, cluster-randomized, controlled trial in rural Bangladesh, we collected dates of LMP by recall and as marked on a calendar every 5 weeks in women likely to become pregnant.