Comparative evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy versus standard treatment in temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has emerged as a potential intervention for TMDs, but its comparative effectiveness against standard treatments remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of CBT versus standard treatment interventions in managing TMDs.

Assessment of supernatural attitude toward mental health among tribal and non-tribal populations.

Background: In India, only about 10% of persons with psychiatric illnesses receive evidence-based treatments. Stigma, mistrust in allopathic medicine, allegiance toward faith healers, cultural and traditional practices, and beliefs are some of the major hindrances to the treatment of mentally ill patients.

Aim: To assess supernatural attitudes toward mental health among tribal and non-tribal populations.

Psychological consequences of lockdown on dental professionals during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19, mainly spreads through respiratory droplets. The dental profession is particularly at risk. Routine dental care was suspended after the announcement of the first lockdown in India.

Diverse psychiatric presentation associated with child sexual abuse: Case series.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) occurs when a person involves the child in sexual activities for his/her sexual gratification, commercial gain, or both. We report a series of 12 cases of CSA, who presented to the psychiatry department with diverse psychiatric presentations associated with CSA. In most of these cases, the perpetrator was unmarried and known to the child.

Characteristics of auditory hallucinations in Indian patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.

Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations are not a unitary phenomenon and can be further differentiated into certain clinical characteristics, viz., frequency, intensity, control, tone, distractibility, distress, and clarity. These clinical characteristics manifest in varying degrees in different psychiatric disorders.

Trends and issues in community mental health programs in India: The Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences experience.

Psychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of disability the world over. With the World Health Organization, spearheading the crusade to incorporate the mental health component into primary health care, developing countries also have accepted the need for community care of patients with psychiatric disorders. Since independence various initiatives by the government has led to a significant change in the place of mental health care as part of the general health care.

Severity of violence and quality of life of women with psychiatric disorders as compared to normal controls.

Background: Despite the fact that violence against women is a significant public health problem, there is a paucity of research into this area, and little is known about the extent to which women with psychiatric disorders are affected.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the severity of violence and quality of life of women with psychiatric disorders and normal controls.

Materials And Methods: Based on purposive sampling technique, a sample consisting of 120 participants was selected from in-patient (female section) and outpatient services of the Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences and Kanke Area.

Family psychoeducation with caregivers of schizophrenia patients: Impact on perceived quality of life.

Background: Schizophrenia is a devastating and chronic mental illness. Considering the nature of illness along with routine psychiatric care, various supportive therapies are recommended. Family psychoeducational approach has been developed to increase patients' as well as their caregivers' knowledge and insight into their illness.

Local complications of pentazocine abuse: Case report and review.

The skin is the tissue most commonly affected by intravenous drug addiction with pentazocine. The present article attempts to review the adverse effects of injecting drug use along with one case report of cutaneous complications of injection pentazocine abuse underlining the need for early identification, management, and above all prevention. It also provides credence to the fact that pentazocine abuse is common in paramedical staff, and easy accessibility of pentazocine injection can easily lead to serious complications.

Correlates and management of comorbid anxiety disorders in schizophrenia.

Background: Only a few studies have examined the treatability of anxiety disorders in schizophrenia, even though it is generally accepted that in the absence of schizophrenia, the anxiety disorders are safely and effectively treatable.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the relation of anxiety disorders with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and the effect of treatment of different anxiety disorders in schizophrenia patients.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out on inpatients of a tertiary care psychiatric hospital using a purposive sampling technique.

Impact of neuropsychological rehabilitation on activities of daily living and community reintegration of patients with traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: The present study was targeted to observe the impact of neuropsychological rehabilitation on activities of daily living (ADL) and community reintegration of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Settings And Participants: Based on purposive sampling technique, ten patients with TBI falling in the age range of 20-40 years and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen from All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, India.

Design: A quasi-experimental design, i.

Prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorders in schizophrenia.

Background: Diagnostic and treatment hierarchical reductionisms have resulted in an oversight of anxiety syndromes in schizophrenia.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of different anxiety disorders in schizophrenia patients.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on inpatients of a tertiary care psychiatric hospital using a prospective, purposive sampling technique.

Multiple self-inserted pins and nails in pericardium in a patient of schizophrenia: Case report and review.

This report is the case of multiple self-inserted pins and nails in chest and pericardial cavity in a young male suffering from schizophrenia. This act of self-mutilation was done to get relief from burning sensation in chest and palpitations. Review of the relevant literature revealed that self-inflicted intra-cardiac needle injuries occur mainly in young and middle-aged adults suffering from psychiatric disorders, commonly depression, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders.

Neuropsychological deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: A comprehensive review.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of complex partial seizures with temporal lobe origin of electrical abnormality. Studies have shown that recurrent seizures affect all aspects of cognitive functioning, including memory, language, praxis, executive functions, and social judgment, among several others. In this article, we will review these cognitive impairments along with their neuropathological correlates in a comprehensive manner.

An open-label trial of memantine in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often refractory to treatment. Glutamatergic neurotransmission modulating agents like memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor open channel blocker (antagonist), has been reported to be beneficial in OCD.

Materials And Methods: Twelve subjects of OCD who had been on various medications for over 5 years, but were poor responders, were enrolled for a 12-week open-label trial with fixed dose trial of memantine as an augmenting agent.

Internal consistency and factor structure of 12-item general health questionnaire in visually impaired students.

Background: As there are no instruments to measure psychological wellness or distress in visually impaired students, we studied internal consistency and factor structure of GHQ-12 in visually impaired children.

Materials And Methods: Internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha and item total correlation) and exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis) were carried out to identify factor structure of 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12).

Results: All items of GHQ-12 were significantly associated with each other and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.

Factor Structure of CIWA-Ar in Alcohol Withdrawal.

Objective. To identify the underlying factor structure of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, as measured with CIWA-Ar. Methods.

Visuo-cognitive skill deficits in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease: A comparative analysis.

Dementia is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive loss. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the Lewy body disease are the two most common causes of age-related degenerative dementia. Visuo-cognitive skills are a combination of very different cognitive functions being performed by the visual system.

First rank symptoms and neurological soft signs in schizophrenia.

The aim of the study was to compare the neurological soft signs (NSS) in schizophrenia patients with and without first rank symptoms (FRS), their first degree relatives (FDR), and normal controls. The study was conducted on 60 schizophrenia patients diagnosed according to ICD 10 DCR and categorized into groups with and without FRS using Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, 30 FDRs of the study sample, and 30 normal controls matched for age, education, and handedness. All the subjects gave written informed consent.

Long-term concentrative meditation and cognitive performance among older adults.

Background: The general consensus that cognitive abilities decline with advancing age is supported by several studies that have reported that older adults perform more poorly on multiple tests of cognitive performance as compared to younger adults. To date, preventive measures against this cognitive decline have been mainly focused on dietary, physical, and lifestyle behaviors which could allow older adults to maintain their cognitive abilities into late life. However, much less stress has been laid on evaluating meditation as a preventive measure in such cases in spite of the fact that the role of meditation on attention has been proved in several studies.

Hospital dependency: an existing concept.

Chronically institutionalized patients demonstrate a behavioral pattern characterized by unwillingness to get discharged from the hospital and severe anxiety during such attempts leading to continued hospitalization. These patients usually have poor self-concept and low evaluation in getting employment, which requires vocational rehabilitation. To prevent this, mental health professionals should make active efforts to develop a favorable attitude of the chronic mentally ill patients towards their home.

Long-term Vihangam Yoga meditation and scores on tests of attention.

Although the literature indicates that meditation has beneficial effects on several aspects of human functioning, few studies have specifically investigated the effects of meditation on various domains of attention. This study was conducted to examine the differences in various domains of attention between long-term concentrative meditators versus matched controls. 15 practitioners of Vihangam Yoga (> 10 yr.

A study of contingent negative variation and post-imperative negative variation: search for state and trait electrophysiological markers in schizophrenia.

Objective: To compare event-related potential measures, contingent negative variation and post-imperative negative variation in drug-naïve or drug-free schizophrenic patients and normal healthy controls, and to study the effect of antipsychotic medication on the above measures.

Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted at Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, India. The sample constituted 31 drug-naïve or drug-free patients with schizophrenia and 31 normal healthy individuals, matched for age and gender.