Internal mammary arteries as major blood supply to lower limb in coronary artery disease with peripheral vascular disease.

We describe a case of severe peripheral vascular disease in a patient presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). There was an occlusion of the abdominal aorta with collaterals from the internal mammary arteries (IMA) and inferior epigastric arteries (IEA) supplying the lower limb. Off-pump CABG was carried out without harvesting the IMA.

Non-aneurysmal aberrant right subclavian artery causing dysphagia in a young girl: challenges encountered using supraclavicular approach.

Aberrant right subclavian artery is the most common anomaly of the aortic arch. Patients are often asymptomatic and discovered accidentally. Occasionally, they present with symptoms related to oesophageal or tracheal compression.

Left ventricular endocardial ecchinococcosis associated with multiple intracranial hydatid cysts.

Cardiac ecchinococcosis is a rare disease. Its incidence varies from 0.02-2%.

Recurrent pannus formation causing prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction: is excision without valve re-replacement applicable?

Prosthetic valve dysfunction at aortic position is commonly caused by pannus formation. The exact etiology is not known. It arises from ventricular aspect of the prosthesis encroaching its leaflets causing stenosis or it may remain localized causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without affecting valve function.

Myxoma at junction of inferior vena cava and right atrium: surgical excision.

Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. In 20% of cases, they arise from the right atrium. Only a few such tumors are reported to have arisen from the inferior vena cava.

Surgical treatment of circumflex coronary aneurysm with fistulous connection to coronary sinus associated with persistent left superior vena cava.

Circumflex coronary arteriovenous fistula associated with aneurysmal dilatation and draining into coronary sinus (CS) is rare. A 57-year-old female presented with progressive dyspnea and was found to have a tortuous multiloculated aneurysm of the circumflex coronary artery terminating into the CS associated with a persistent left superior vena cava. The operative repair and management of coronary arteriovenous fistula are the subject of this case report and review.

Surgical management of double-chambered right ventricle in adults.

Double-chambered right ventricle is a congenital anomaly in which the right ventricle is divided into 2 portions by anomalous muscle bundles. These cases often present in children, but rarely in adults. We discuss 2 cases of double-chambered right ventricle, in patients aged 42 and 35 years.