T helper 2-driven immune dysfunction in chronic arsenic-exposed individuals and its link to the features of allergic asthma.

Limited information is available regarding the effects of arsenic exposure on immune function. We have recently reported that chronic exposure to As was associated asthma, as determined by spirometry and respiratory symptoms. Because T helper 2 (Th2)-driven immune responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma, we studied the associations of serum Th1 and Th2 mediators with the As exposure markers and the features of asthma among individuals exposed to As.

Managing adult patients with infectious diseases in emergency departments: international ID-IRI study.

We aimed to explore factors for optimizing antimicrobial treatment in emergency departments. A single-day point prevalence survey was conducted on January 18, 2020, in 53 referral/tertiary hospitals in 22 countries. 1957 (17%) of 11557 patients presenting to EDs had infections.

Mental Health of Physicians During COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

There have been numerous studies about the health implication of COVID-19 on patients, but little attention has been paid to the impacts of the pandemic on physicians. Our paper attends to this gap by exploring the mental health of physicians in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is particularly important since the mental health of physicians impacts not only on themselves, but also their professional performance and hence the care of patients.

Divergences in Clinical, Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Hormonal Parameters among Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Presenting at Endocrinology Outpatient Departments: A Multicenter Study from Bangladesh.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous androgen-excess disorder. Data comparing the PCOS phenotypes in Bangladesh are scarce.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the distribution of Rotterdam classified PCOS phenotypes and to compare the phenotypes concerning clinical, anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters.

Willingness to work during initial lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic: Study based on an online survey among physicians of Bangladesh.

Background: During the catastrophic situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of the health care workers (HCWs) is the most crucial, and their absenteeism, whether due to inability or unwillingness, becomes a major concern for the national health system. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the willingness and its associated factors to work during the COVID-19 pandemic among the physicians of Bangladesh.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April 21 to May 10, 2020, using an online survey among the Bangladeshi physicians living in the country.

Immediate psychological responses during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi medical students.

Background: The most recent global pandemic of COVID-19 has been creating multidimensional damages, including a detrimental impact on the mental health status of individuals. Medical students, a vulnerable cross-section of the population, may have perceived a myriad of psychological stressors during this crisis in the background of their prevailing stressful academic pressure and preexisting higher psychological and mental health issue.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and to elucidate the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Bangladeshi medical students.

Life-threatening arrhythmias with autosomal recessive TECRL variants.

Aims: Sudden death and aborted sudden death have been observed in patients with biallelic variants in TECRL. However, phenotypes have only begun to be described and no data are available on medical therapy after long-term follow-up.

Methods And Results: An international, multi-centre retrospective review was conducted.

Prevalence of epilepsy in Bangladesh: Results from a national household survey.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of epilepsy in Bangladesh.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey among Bangladeshi population of all ages, except children under one month. We surveyed 9839 participants (urban, 4918; rural, 4920) recruited at their households using multistage cluster sampling.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and related disabilities in Bangladeshi adults: a cross-sectional national survey.

Background: Nationally representative data on burden of musculoskeletal conditions (MSK) in Bangladesh are not available. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSK conditions and related disabilities in the adult population of Bangladesh.

Methods: A total of 2000 individuals aged 18 years or older were targeted from 20 primary sampling units (urban and rural) of all former seven divisions of Bangladesh in 2015.

Association of Sex, Age, and Comorbidities with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is causing mortality in considerable proportion of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, however, evidence for the association of sex, age, and comorbidities on the risk of mortality is not well-aggregated yet. It was aimed to assess the association of sex, age, and comorbidities with mortality in COVID-2019 patients.

Methods: Literatures were searched using different keywords in various databases.

Knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 among the general people in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study in Rajshahi district.

Background: Until now, no vaccine or effective drug is available for the control, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive measures are the only ways to be protected from the disease and knowledge of the people about the preventive measures is a vital matter.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the general people in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures.

Risk factors and etiology of neonatal sepsis after hospital delivery: A case-control study in a tertiary care hospital of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Background: Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal death worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to identify the risk factors and causative organisms of neonatal sepsis after delivery in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh.

Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the neonatal ward of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), a 1000-bed tertiary hospital situated in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Evidence-based diagnostic algorithm for visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh.

Evidence-based diagnostic algorithm is highly recommended for the visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This cross-sectional study was performed in Bangladesh to evaluate VL diagnostic tools including serology, buffy coat smear microscopy for LD body and various DNA-based techniques using buffy coat in 100 confirmed VL cases and 100 controls. The performance of tools against spleen smear (gold standard) was evaluated using kappa coefficient.

Prevalence of Organic Colonic Lesions by Colonoscopy in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome Fulfilling Rome III Criteria.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder usually diagnosed by using symptom-based diagnostic criteria. Recent evidence suggests the presence of organic diseases in some patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of IBS which may be missed unless investigations are performed. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to find out the prevalence of organic colonic lesions at colonoscopy in patients with IBS fulfilling the Rome III criteria.

Dengue epidemic in a non-endemic zone of Bangladesh: Clinical and laboratory profiles of patients.

Backgrounds: Approximately, half of the population in the world including tropical and sub-tropical climates region is at risk of dengue. Being an endemic country, Bangladesh has experienced the largest dengue epidemic in 2019. The present study aimed at evaluating the clinical and laboratory profile of dengue patients in northern Bangladesh during the epidemic.

High prevalence of multidrug resistant uropathogens: A recent audit of antimicrobial susceptibility testing from a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections due to multi drug resistant bacteria have been on the rise globally with serious implications for public health. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of multi drug resistant uropathogens and to correlate the urinary tract infections with some demographic and clinical characteristics of patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh among clinically suspected urinary tract infection patients from January to December, 2018.

COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh and associated psychological problems: An online survey.

Bangladesh is now experiencing the COVID-19 outbreak; however, there has been minimal focus on mental health over physical health problems during this pandemic in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted using self-rated scales on a sample of 500 Bangladeshi people to address this gap. Results suggested two-fifths of the participants had depression and anxiety symptoms, and one-third were highly worried and felt stressed.

A hospital-based study on complementary and alternative medicine use among diabetes patients in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is increasing worldwide. It can affect optimum glycemic management. This study was to determine the rate and influencing factors of CAM use among diabetes patients as well as their effect on glycemic control.

Pre-hospital delay in patients with myocardial infarction: an observational study in a tertiary care hospital of northern Bangladesh.

Background: Delayed hospital presentation is a hindrance to the optimum clinical outcome of modern therapies of Myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to investigate the significant factors associated with prolonged pre-hospital delay and the impact of this delay on in-hospital mortality among patients with MI in Northern Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in December 2019 in cardiology ward of a 1000-bed tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.

Arsenic exposure-related hyperglycemia is linked to insulin resistance with concomitant reduction of skeletal muscle mass.

Background: Alargebodyof evidence has shown a link between arsenic exposure and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified.

Objective: We explored the association between arsenic exposure and the reduction of skeletal muscle mass as a potential mechanism of insulin resistance for developing arsenic-related hyperglycemia.

Methods: A total of 581 subjects were recruited from arsenic-endemic and non-endemic areas in Bangladesh and their fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, and serum creatinine levels were determined.

Insulin Injection Practice and Injection Complications - Results from the Bangladesh Insulin Injection Technique Survey.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and insulin is often needed for diabetes control. We lack sufficient data on the insulin injection technique and injection-related complications.

Methods: The Bangladesh Insulin Injection Technique Survey (BIITS) was conducted in 2018 in 18 centres throughout Bangladesh, involving 847 patients taking insulin for at least 6 months.

Pharmacological screening of fenofibrate-loaded solid dispersion in fructose-induced diabetic rat.

Objectives: Hyperlipidaemia is a common phenomenon in diabetes mellitus. Fenofibrate (FF) is a good candidate for the treatment of lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. But the bioavailability as well as therapeutic efficacy of this drug is limited to its dissolution behaviour.

Bipolar disorder among married women in Bangladesh: Survey in Rajshahi city.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a major mental disorder which not only affects the personal and social functioning of an individual, but also inflicts a huge economic burden on the family. Yet, the study of BPD in Bangladesh is rare and poorly documented. Responding to the dire need, we conducted a new study to determine the prevalence of, and detect the associated factors of, BPD among married women in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh.

Validation of the Bangla version of Beck Depression Inventory-II.

Background: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is a widely used valid instrument to assess the severity of depression in clinical and normal settings. To meet the necessity of a standard scale for measuring depression among above 265 million Bangla speaking population around the world, this scale was translated and validated.

Methods: Two translations of BDI-II into Bangla were prepared, and then, two back translations were done by medical and language experts in parallel.

Variable Outcome of Acute Viral Hepatitis in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients in Bangladesh.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in Bangladesh, and this country is also well-known for frequent outbreaks of acute viral hepatitis (AVH). The study presented here was designed for the clinical courses of acute hepatitis with and without DM. A total of 300 patients with AVH were enrolled into two groups; group A; patients of AVH with DM (N = 140) and group B; patients with AVH without DM (N = 160).