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Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of... Publications | LitMetric

414 results match your criteria: "Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences[Affiliation]"

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a neglected skin disease that has tremendous epidemiological significance as a reservoir of Leishmania parasites. Relapse, drug resistance, non-compliance to prolonged treatment, poor health-seeking behaviour, along with limited therapeutic options pose a significant impact on the management of PKDL. In this study, we aimed to review the efficacy, safety and tolerability data of combination therapies for PKDL in the published literature.

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The global burden of mosquito-borne diseases transmitted by and mosquitoes has become a pressing public health concern. This study sought to quantify and evaluate about eight decades of publication data on the global epidemiological trend of the diseases transmitted by and . A comprehensive bibliographic review of literature was performed on and transmitted diseases, focusing on disease transmission, epidemiological trends, vector control strategies, surveillance and monitoring, and international collaborations and initiatives.

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Prevalence of Japanese encephalitis infection in children below 15 years' age, Bihar.

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis

February 2025

Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Virology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major cause of acute encephalitis syndromes, with Bihar being the third highest in reported cases in India, after Uttar Pradesh and Assam.
  • A recent study in Bihar, particularly in districts like Patna, Muzaffarpur, and Gaya, found that JE virus (JEV) is a key contributor to AES cases, with a detection rate of 8.79% in analyzed samples.
  • The study indicated a demographic trend where most affected patients are children aged 6-10 years, and there's a need for increased awareness and preventive measures despite a decrease in the case fatality rate.
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India is accelerating efforts to eliminate kala-azar by aligning its National Kala-Azar Elimination Program with the World Health Organization's (WHO) roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) 2021-2030. Elimination relies on comprehensive vector surveillance and integrated vector management. This study aimed to conduct nationwide entomological surveillance to detect Leishmania donovani in phlebotomine sand flies.

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Amidst the multifaceted challenges posed by COVID-19, interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has risen. Chyawanprash (CP), an Ayurvedic formulation, is recognized for its multifunctional properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate its safety and effectiveness as a COVID-19 prophylactic.

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Article Synopsis
  • Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin condition affecting some individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and it plays a role in the spread of VL.
  • The rK39 rapid test is not effective for diagnosing PKDL due to lingering antileishmanial antibodies from past VL infections.
  • The CL Detect™ Rapid Test showed 73.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity, making it a valuable tool for screening and monitoring PKDL in regions where the disease is common.
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Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted to evaluate the treatment outcomes of single-dose liposomal amphotericin B for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), involving 527 cases, primarily VL.
  • The cure rate for VL was found to be 95%, with significant differences in treatment success between genders and age groups; males had higher success rates than females, while younger patients (≤23 years) also fared better.
  • The study highlighted that PKDL patients treated with this drug had a significantly shorter duration of disease development compared to those who received alternative treatments, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring of treatment strategies.
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Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB among patients living with HIV in Patna district, India. It also assessed the factors contributing to co-infection and evaluated patients' quality of life.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Centre in Patna, India, for a period of eight months.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the prevalence of dog bites and human rabies deaths in India, where a significant portion of global rabies cases occurs, aiming to assess progress toward a 2030 elimination goal.
  • - A nationwide survey found that in a year, there were approximately 9.1 million dog bites in India, with 20.5% of those bitten not receiving necessary anti-rabies vaccinations (ARV).
  • - The study estimates around 5,726 human rabies deaths annually, indicating that, despite some progress, there's still a critical need for improved vaccination and prevention strategies.
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Background: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) must be reported and assessed to promote patient safety. This longitudinal study examined the nature and severity of adverse events reported after Covishield (Serum Institute of India, Pune, India) vaccine administration to North Indians in a tertiary care hospital.

Method: A retrospective evaluation of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported after Covishield vaccine administration in our hospital over 18 months was conducted.

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Silico-tuberculosis: An updated review.

Indian J Tuberc

October 2024

Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India; Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Virology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India. Electronic address:

Silico-Tuberculosis (silico-TB) is a severe combination of tuberculosis and silicosis, caused by occupational exposure to fine crystalline silica dust, which has become a global health concern. This comprehensive review compiles the updated knowledge regarding pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, important diagnostic techniques, treatment aspects, and challenges in understanding silico-TB. The review compiles the disease's history and epidemiology, highlighting a lack of data owing to poor monitoring and healthcare particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India.

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The control and eradication of any infectious disease is only possible with a potential vaccine, which has not been accomplished for human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The lack of vaccines may increase the risk of VL outbreaks periodically in endemic zones. Identifying a reliable vaccine candidate for Leishmania is a major challenge.

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Molecular and immunohistochemical alterations in fluoride-induced neurological impediment in adult rats.

J Trace Elem Med Biol

December 2024

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Industrial area Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar 844102, India. Electronic address:

Unlabelled: This study highlights the potential neurotoxic and impaired behavioral effects associated with high fluoride concentrations in drinking water.

Purpose: Fluoride is known to cause neurotoxicity, evinced by lower I.Q.

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Background: Vector control based on indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the main components of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination programme in India. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used for IRS until 2015 and was later replaced by the synthetic pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin. Both classes of insecticides share the same target site, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc).

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Mevalonate kinase of Leishmania donovani promotes its survival and plays a pivotal role in pathogenesis.

Exp Parasitol

August 2024

Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, 800 007, India; Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India. Electronic address:

The infectivity of Leishmania is determined by its ability to invade and evade host and its thriving capacity within the macrophage. Our study revealed the role of Leishmania donovani mevalonate kinase (MVK), an enzyme of mevalonate pathway in visceral leishmaniasis pathogenesis. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC)-derived macrophages from BALB/c mice were infected with wild type (WT), MVK over expressing (MVK OE) and knockdown (KD) parasites and MVK OE parasites were found to be more infective than WT and MVK KD parasites.

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Affinity-based protein depletion and TiO enrichment methods play a crucial role in detection of low-abundant proteins and phosphopeptides enrichment, respectively. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of HSA/IgG (HU2) and Human 7 (HU7) depletion methods and their impact on phosphopeptides coverage through comparative proteome analysis, utilizing in-solution digestion and nano-LC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS). Our results demonstrated that both HU2 and HU7 affinity depletion significantly decreased high-abundant proteins by 1.

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Objective: Miltefosine stands as the sole oral medication approved for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The appearance of severe ophthalmic toxicities induced by miltefosine in the context of leishmaniasis treatment is a matter of significant concern. The main objective of this study is to present a comprehensive summary of the ophthalmic adverse effects associated with miltefosine when used in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak created a challenge to manage the health, especially the mental health of various care providers involved in treating the patients infected with the virus. Previously published literature has shown a significant effect of the pandemic on the psychological health of healthcare workers (HCWs) globally; so, this study aimed to describe the psychological health outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among Indian HCWs.

Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed and Google Scholar.

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Background: In Southeast Asia, treatment is recommended for all patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Adherence to the first-line regimen, twelve weeks of miltefosine (MF), is low and ocular toxicity has been observed with this exposure period. We assessed the safety and efficacy of two shorter-course treatments: liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) alone and combined with MF.

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Introduction: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) arises as a dermal complication following a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) infection. Current treatment options for PKDL are unsatisfactory, and there is a knowledge gap regarding the distribution of antileishmanial compounds within human skin. The present study investigated the skin distribution of miltefosine in PKDL patients, with the aim to improve the understanding of the pharmacokinetics at the skin target site in PKDL.

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Background: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis which can occur after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is a public health problem in VL endemic areas. We conducted a systematic scoping review to assess the characteristics of published PKDL clinical studies, understand the scope of research and explore the feasibility and value of developing a PKDL individual patient data (IPD) platform.

Methods: A systematic review of published literature was conducted to identify PKDL clinical studies by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, WHO Global Index Medicus, PASCAL, Clinicaltrials.

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Heavy metal ions can be introduced into the water through several point and non-point sources including leather industry, coal mining, agriculture activity and domestic waste. Regrettably, these toxic heavy metals may pose a threat to both humans and animals, particularly when they infiltrate water and soil. Heavy metal poisoning can lead to many health complications, such as liver and renal dysfunction, dermatological difficulties, and potentially even malignancies.

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AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) is a replication-deficient adenoviral vectored coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine that is manufactured as SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd following technology transfer from Oxford University/AstraZeneca. The non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with AZD1222 was previously demonstrated in an observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study (trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170). In this analysis of immunogenicity and safety data 6 months post first vaccination (Day 180), 1,601 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort  = 401) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort  = 1,200).

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The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a critical global health crisis, demanding urgent and effective strategies for containment. While some knowledge exists about epitope sequences recognized by human immune cells and their activation of CD8+ T cells within the HLA context, comprehensive information remains limited. This study employs reverse vaccinology to explore antigenic HLA-restricted T-cell epitopes capable of eliciting durable immunity.

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The recurrence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also called kala-azar (KA), in endemic regions of tropical countries like India, is primarily attributed to asymptomatic VL, post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. To effectively manage VL cases and elimination targets, an early and rapid diagnosis as well as accurate field surveillance is highly essential. The traditional sampling methods like bone marrow (BM), spleen, and lymph node (LN) tissue aspirations are invasive, painful, tedious, and prone to nosocomial infections, require skilled persons and hospital facilities, and are not feasible in rural areas.

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