Potential Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease and Their Roles in Artificial Intelligence Studies.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Early detection is believed to be essential to disease management because it enables physicians to initiate treatment in patients with early-stage AD (early AD), with the possibility of stopping the disease or slowing disease progression, preserving function and ultimately reducing disease burden. The purpose of this study was to review prior research on the use of eye biomarkers and artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting AD and early AD.

Recent evidence of economic evaluation of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.

Purpose Of Review: Health economic evaluation (HEE) is essential for assessing value of health interventions, including artificial intelligence. Recent approaches, current challenges, and future directions of HEE of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology are reviewed.

Recent Findings: Majority of recent HEEs of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology were for diabetic retinopathy screening.

Clinical Recommendations for the use of Neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) for the Management of Peripheral Neuropathy: Consensus from a Multidisciplinary Expert Panel.

Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is an insidious disease that is often asymptomatic during the early stages but which can have a significant impact on quality of life at later stages when nerve damage occurs. There is currently no guidance on the use of neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) for the management of asymptomatic and symptomatic PN.

Objective: To provide guidance to primary care physicians on an integrated approach to managing PN with neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12).

Estimated direct and indirect health care costs of severe infectious keratitis by cultured organisms in Thailand: An 8-year retrospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the economic impact of treating severe infectious keratitis (IK) at one tertiary referral center in Thailand by analyzing the direct costs of treatment and estimating the indirect costs, and to determine whether cultured organisms had any effect on treatment expenditure.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with severe IK who had been hospitalized between January 2014 and December 2021 in Rajavithi Hospital. Data from medical records were collected from the time of the patients' admission until the point at which they were discharged and treated in the outpatient department and their IK was completely healed, or until evisceration/enucleation was performed.

Validation of the academic research consortium high bleeding risk definition in Thai PCI registry.

Background: Bleeding following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has important prognostic implications. The Academic Research Consortium (ARC) have identified a set of clinical criteria to standardize the definition of a high bleeding risk (HBR). Current study sought to externally validate the ARC definition for HBR patients in a contemporary real-world cohort.

Retinotomies and retinectomies: A review of indications, techniques, results, and complications.

Retinotomy refers to "cutting" or "incising" the retina, whereas retinectomy denotes "excising" the retina. Retinotomies and retinectomies aid in tackling traction and retinal shortening that persist following membrane dissection and scleral buckling. We performed a literature search using Google Scholar and PubMed, followed by a review of the references procured.

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in high risk pregnancy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is a risk factor for preeclampsia possibly through a link to placental physiology. This study evaluates the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the modulation of blood pressure and the reduction in preeclampsia in women with high-risk pregnancy and OSA.

Methods: A multicenter open-label, randomized controlled trial comparing CPAP treatment versus usual antenatal care was conducted in three academic hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand.

Clinical Outcomes of Interlaminar Percutaneous Endoscopic Uniportal Pars Decompression for Lumbar Spondylolysis.

Background: To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a novel full endoscopic procedure performed via an interlaminar approach to decompress entrapped nerve roots in patients with lumbar spondylolysis.

Methods: Patients who underwent interlaminar percutaneous endoscopic pars decompression were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients with back pain and dynamic lumbar instability were excluded from the study.

Phase III study of Phlai capsules in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Preclinical studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link ex Dietr.(Phlai).

The risk factors for failure and recurrence of LIFT procedure for fistula in ano.

Objectives: Fistula in ano (FIA) is a common anorectal problem. There are several techniques that have been used for treatment; however, all of them carry risks of recurrence and incontinence. Ligation intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) is a type of treatment with a promising result of preserving the anal sphincter function.

Impact of Prehospital Antibiotics on in-Hospital Mortality in Emergency Medical Service Patients with Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition that requires early recognition and timely management to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates. Administering antibiotics in the prehospital setting can be effective to reduce the time to antibiotic therapy, which may be crucial for sepsis patients. However, the impact of prehospital antibiotics on mortality in sepsis patients remains uncertain, and the current evidence to support this practice in middle-income countries is particularly limited.

Cost-utility analysis of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) and biosimilar DMARDs (bsDMARDs) combined with methotrexate for Thai rheumatoid arthritis patients with high disease activity.

Background: New biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) and biosimilar DMARDs (bsDMARDs) all showed greater clinical benefits in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high disease activity, but imposed higher costs than standard treatment. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of 11 alternative treatment strategies for RA patients with high disease activity whose treatment with three conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) failed.

Methods: A Markov model was constructed using a societal perspective to estimate relevant costs and health outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for a lifetime horizon (100 years), given a 3% annual discount.

Survival rates of adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who underwent ABVD versus escalated BEACOPP in a resource-limited country: An observational study.

Background: The survival rate of adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) depends on the responses to standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined therapy. Resource-limited countries face numerous obstacles in supporting patients with HL who undergo chemotherapy, especially in advanced stages.

Aim: To analyze the survival outcomes of adult patients with HL after combined-modality treatment (CMT) with involved-field or non-involved-field radiotherapy.

Gaps in the Care of Subjects with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Insights from the Thai Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry.

Aims: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated. The establishment of a FH registry could facilitate a deeper understanding of this disease. We described the clinical characteristics of subjects with FH from the Thai FH Registry, compared our data with the regional and global data, and identified gaps in the care of these subjects.

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and endometrial cancer: A multicenter case-control study.

Objective: To assess the associations between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and endometrial cancer.

Methods: This multicenter case-control study was conducted among tertiary hospitals in Thailand. Patients were women with endometrial cancer.

A Comparison of Autorefraction and Subjective Refraction in an Academic Optometry Clinic.

Background:  Refractive error is the most common cause of decreased visual acuity. Refractive measurement in adults consists of cycloplegic (objective) and manifest (subjective) refraction. Although the effectiveness of autorefraction is a crucial factor, there needs to be more information on its accuracy and precision on each autorefractor compared with subjective measurement in Thai patients.

Update on the strategy for intravenous fluid treatment in acute pancreatitis.

Fluid therapy/resuscitation is mandatory in acute pancreatitis due to the pathophysiology of fluid loss as a consequence of the inflammatory process. For many years, without clear evidence, early and aggressive fluid resuscitation with crystalloid solutions (normal saline solution or Ringer lactate solution) was recommended. Recently, many randomized control trials and meta-analyses on fluid therapy have revealed that high fluid rate infusion is associated with increased mortality and severe adverse events compared to those resulting from moderate fluid rates, and this has triggered a paradigm shift in fluid management strategies.

Targeting FGFRs Using PD173074 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an architecturally complex tumour with high heterogeneity. Discovery at later stages makes treatment challenging. However, the lack of early detection methodologies and the asymptomatic nature of CCA make early diagnosis more difficult.

Efficacy of reconstituted intravenous fentanyl to sublingual solution versus oral morphine syrup for breakthrough pain among patients with chronic gynecologic cancer pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Rapid-acting fentanyl formulations are superior to oral morphine (OM) syrup in controlling breakthrough pain among patients with cancer, but they are expensive and unavailable in many countries.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of reconstituted intravenous fentanyl to sublingual solution (IFS) in relieving breakthrough pain as compared with OM.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled trial, patients with gynecologic cancer aged ≥18 years experiencing chronic cancer pain with breakthrough pain were enrolled.

EUS-Guided Choledocho-duodenostomy Using Lumen Apposing Stent Versus ERCP With Covered Metallic Stents in Patients With Unresectable Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (DRA-MBO Trial).

Background & Aims: Several studies have compared primary endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with insertion of metal stents in unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) and the results were conflicting. The aim of the current study was to compare the outcomes of the procedures in a large-scale study.

Methods: This was a multicenter international randomized controlled study.