Vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy: A review of indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most severe forms of retinopathy and a leading cause of blindness all over the world. Of a greater concern is proliferative diabetic retinopathy which leads to vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment in such cases. A majority of these cases require a surgical intervention to improve vision and prevent further vision loss.

Factors Associated With "Sterile Cystic Formation" Following the Application of BioGlue® in Brain Surgery and Review of Literature.

Introduction BioGlue® (CryoLife, Inc, Kennesaw, GA), despite being claimed to be a safe and harmless sealant, reportedly has several adverse effects including surgical wound dehiscence. This study aimed to examine the factors that may contribute to this unfavorable outcome in cranial surgery. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on patients who underwent brain surgery with the use of BioGlue® between January 2015 and December 2022.

Transforming Non-Digital, Clinical Workflows to Detect and Track Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy via a Digital Platform Integrating Artificial Intelligence: Implementation Research.

Introduction: Screening diabetic retinopathy (DR) for timely management can reduce global blindness. Many existing DR screening programs worldwide are non-digital, standalone, and deployed with grading retinal photographs by trained personnel. To integrate the screening programs, with or without artificial intelligence (AI), into hospital information systems to improve their effectiveness, the non-digital workflow must be transformed into digital.

Trend of Representation of Women in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy Conferences in Asia.

Objectives: Despite progress in promoting gender equality, gender bias remains a significant obstacle for women and hinders their academic advancement. We aim to survey and critically analyze women's representation in conferences and changes over time in various regions of Asian countries.

Methods: An international survey was conducted with representatives from East Asia (Hong Kong, China, and Japan), South Asia (India and Pakistan), and Southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand).

Clinical Characteristics and Prevalence of Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices.

Background Atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) detected by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are indicative of future clinical atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke risk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AHREs among Thai patients with CIED implantation and identify associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective observational study enrolled 278 CIED patients with AHREs lasting five minutes to 24 hours, with an average atrial rate ≥ 175 bpm, excluding known clinical AF at device implantation.

Tissue Eosinophils Threshold and its Association with Adult-Onset Asthma in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Introduction: Tissue eosinophil counts (TEC) might serve as a biomarker linking chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and the presence of adult-onset asthma. This study aimed to determine if TEC in sinus mucosa/polyps in CRS patients is an independent indicator of asthma and to identify its optimal cut-off point.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on primary CRS patients scheduled for surgery.

Leadless pacemaker implantation in challenging scenarios: A case report series of patients with mechanical tricuspid valves.

Introduction: The advancement of medical technology has introduced leadless pacemakers (LPMs) as a significant innovation in cardiac pacing, offering potential advantages over traditional ventricular transvenous pacemakers. This report explores the application of LPMs in two patients with complex valvular histories, particularly those with mechanical tricuspid valves.

Case Reports: The first case involves a 60-year-old male with a history of rheumatic heart disease and triple valve replacement who developed a high-grade AV block.

Loss values of style transfer from UBM to AS-OCT images for plateau iris classification.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is the standard for diagnosing plateau iris, but its limited accessibility in routine clinical settings presents challenges. While anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is more convenient, its effectiveness in detecting plateau iris is limited. Previous research has demonstrated that combining UBM and AS-OCT image pairs through neural style transfer has improved classification accuracy.

Prevalence and clinical associations of relative anterior microphthalmos assessed with an optical biometer.

Relative anterior microphthalmos (RAM) is a rare ocular condition characterized by disproportionately small anterior segments but normal axial length (corneal diameter < 11 mm and axial length > 20 mm). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RAM and its association with glaucoma utilizing IOL Master 700 data (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). A retrospective analysis was conducted of the biometric parameters of 6,407 eyes, and 115 cases of RAM were identified.

Efficacy of Vonoprazan 10 mg and 20 mg for Patients With Proton Pump Inhibitor-Refractory Functional Dyspepsia: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Study.

Background: A proportion of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) have inadequate symptom control with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) treatment. Vonoprazan demonstrates higher efficacy in acid reduction than PPI; however, the existing efficacy data for vonoprazan in treating PPI-refractory FD is limited.

Methods: This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial study was conducted at Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok between December 2022 and 2023.

Impact of Lipid Parameters on Visual Acuity Change in Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To assess the potential influence of serum biochemical factors, specifically lipid profile parameters, on visual outcomes in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Patients And Methods: All patients diagnosed with NAION at Rajavithi Hospital between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was defined as visual recovery, measured by an improvement of at least 0.

The Association of Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index With Survival Outcome in Ovarian Clear Cell Cancer.

Background: The preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PPNI) has been investigated as a prognostic indicator in various cancers including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, its prognostic relevance in epithelial ovarian clear cell cancer (EOC-CC) remains uncertain. The objective of the study was to clarify the prognostic values of PPNI in EOC-CC patients.

2024 The Royal College of Physicians of Thailand (RCPT) clinical practice guidelines on management of dyslipidemia for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention.

Background: The Royal College of Physicians of Thailand (RCPT) published a Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacologic Therapy of Dyslipidemia for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Prevention in 2016. The availability of newer classes of medications for dyslipidemia, supported by extensive clinical research findings, indicates a significant need for the updating of the existing clinical practice guideline.

Objectives: To serve as guidelines on the management of dyslipidemia for Thai adults.

Fluctuation of tissue eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.

Introduction: Tissue eosinophil count (TEC) is recommended for defining Type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). TEC is usually assessed by a one-time polyp biopsy. Because TEC may change over time, its reliability for diagnosing type 2 CRSwNP has not been previously assessed.

Outcomes of Second Trabeculectomy Versus Glaucoma Drainage Device in Juvenile Open-angle Glaucoma After Primary Trabeculectomy Failure.

Precis: Second trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage device implantation offer similar success rates for juvenile open angle glaucoma after initial trabeculectomy failure. However, second trabeculectomies required fewer medications. A quarter of patients in both groups required a third operation after 2.

Relationship between mode of delivery and the development of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Delivery mode can influence infant microbial diversity, cause immune dysregulation, and potentially increase the risk of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the association between distinct modes of delivery and the development of AR in childhood and adulthood. The primary comparison was vaginal (VD) versus cesarean delivery (CD).

A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Effects of Canal Filling Ratio and Femoral Bone Density Change on the Outcomes of Anatomical and Double-tapered Wedge Stems.

 This study aims to compare the proximal femoral bone density changes in follow-up X-ray imaging and the proximal filling ratios of stems between anatomical and double-tapered wedge stem designs.  Patients aged between 18 and 80 years who received primary total hip arthroplasty using both types of stems between 2017 and 2019 and had follow-up tests for up to a year were included in the study. Canal filling ratios at 3 levels (lesser trochanter [LT], 2 cm above LT, and 7 cm below LT) using the optimal densitometry method.

Comparative Success Rate and Adverse Effects of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy Versus Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation in Large Common Bile Duct Stones Removal. A Propensity Scores Inverse Weighting Analysis.

Background/aims: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is a standard treatment for common bile duct (CBD) stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EST-EPLBD) is an effective treatment for difficult CBD stones. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of EST-EPLBD and EST in treating large CBD stones.

A prevalent caveolin-1 gene rs926198 variant is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Thai population.

This study investigated the associations between CAV1 variants and metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as the influence of CAV1 variants on CAV1 mRNA expression. We genotyped 743 T2DM patients for CAV1 variants. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to adjust for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Image Assessment Software: IDx-DR and RetCAD.

Introduction: Automated diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening using artificial intelligence has the potential to improve access to eye care by enabling large-scale screening. However, little is known about differences in real-world performance between available algorithms. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of two AI screening platforms, IDx-DR and RetCAD, for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR).

Surgical Outcomes of Mitomycin-C Augmented Trabeculectomy in Neovascular Glaucoma and Prognostic Factors for Surgical Failure in Thailand.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes and identify ocular and systemic prognostic factors of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in the eyes of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in Thailand.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing records of Thai patients with NVG who underwent trabeculectomy with MMC between 2013 and 2022. Criterion failure was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg or less than a 20% reduction below baseline on two consecutive study visits after 3 months, IOP ≤5 mmHg on two consecutive study visits after 3 months, reoperation for glaucoma, and loss of light perception.