Effect of Anti-Smoking Legislation in Public Places.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anti-smoking legislation in public places and public support for smoking ban.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in public places such as market, bus/railway station, workplaces and hospitals in Udaipur, India. Informed consent was obtained.

Disease specific modules and hub genes for intervention strategies: A co-expression network based approach for Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates.

Systems biology approaches that are based on gene expression and bioinformatics analysis have been successful in predicting the functions of many genes in Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite responsible for most of the deaths due to malaria. However, approaches that can provide information about the biological processes that are active in this parasite in vivo during complicated malaria conditions have been scarcely deployed. Here we report the analysis of a weighted gene co-expression based network for P.

Plasmodium falciparum complicated malaria: Modulation and connectivity between exportome and variant surface antigen gene families.

In temperate and sub-tropical regions of Asia and Latin America, complicated malaria manifested as hepatic dysfunction or renal dysfunction is seen in all age groups. There has been a concerted focus on understanding the patho-physiological and molecular basis of complicated malaria in children, much less is known about it in adults. We report here, the analysis of data from a custom, cross strain microarray (Agilent Platform) using material from adult patient samples, showing hepatic dysfunction or renal failure.

Transmission of ebola virus disease: an overview.

Ebola is a viral illness of which the initial symptoms can include a sudden fever, intense weakness, muscle pain and a sore throat, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Airborne transmission of Ebola virus has been hypothesized but not demonstrated in humans. Ebola is not spread through the air or by water, or in general, by food.

Association of novel SNPs in the candidate genes affecting caprine milk fatty acids related to human health.

In the present investigation, 618 milk samples of Sirohi breed of goat were collected, and analyzed for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, C18:2) and other fatty acids. The CLA in studied goat milk samples was 4.87 mg/g of milk fat and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 contributes 2.

Prevalence and Antibiogram study of Rhodococcus equi in equines of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Rhodococcus equi infection in equines of Jammu and Kashmir, India, and evaluate the zoonotic threat posed by this organism to equine owners and tourists. One hundred and forty-one samples (98 samples from adult animals ≥5 years old and 43 samples from foals less than 6 months old) were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of equines for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 12 isolates of R.

Maxillofacial prosthetic materials- an inclination towards silicones.

There have been constant searches and researches which are taking place in the field of dental materials to best suit the ideal selection criteria to satisfy the functionality, biocompatibility, aesthetics as well as the durability as a maxillofacial material. Among all the different materials, Silicone is the most popularly used, but still studies are carried out to overcome their weaknesses and to come out with a material which can be labeled as the "ideal maxillofacial prosthetic material". This article comprises the materials which were and are in use and the reason for their unpopularity.

Detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in peripheral arterial beds with B-mode ultrasound: a proposal for guiding the decision for medical intervention and an artifact-corrected volumetric scoring index.

Objectives: To assess subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) using B-mode ultrasound, with special emphasis on the incremental value of performing imaging in multiple peripheral arteries, and to compare imaging findings with traditional risk factors for medical intervention eligibility.

Methods: Data from 2 asymptomatic cohorts from India with unknown ASCVD risk factors were compared to 2 cohorts from North America with known ASCVD risk factors. Carotid and iliofemoral arteries of the Indian cohorts were examined with automated ultrasound in a high-pace environment by non-experts.

Prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-class urban participants in India.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diabetes and awareness, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in population-based participants in India.

Methods: A study was conducted in 11 cities in different regions of India using cluster sampling. Participants were evaluated for demographic, biophysical, and biochemical risk factors.

Characterization of exo-s, exo-u, and alg virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from migratory Egyptian vultures from India.

This study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fecal droppings of migratory Egyptian vultures (Neophron p. percnopterus) revealed eight positive samples (n=25) by a 16S rRNA gene-based PCR in two consecutive winter seasons. Disk diffusion sensitivity testing revealed three multiple antimicrobial resistant (MAR) isolates.

Transient elevation of cerebrospinal fluid protein in a patient of mild encephalitis with reversible lesion in the splenium: a case report.

Mild encephalitis with reversible lesion in the splenium (MERS) is a clinicoradiological syndrome presenting as a solitary lesion in the central portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) with a radiological finding of restricted diffusion and low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Complete resolution of the lesion on follow-up imaging and full clinical recovery are the hallmarks of this syndrome, even with only supportive therapy. MERS is usually associated with normal Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and an excellent prognosis, even without corticosteroid therapy.

Efficiency of hysteroscopic visualization of bubaline uterus.

Abattoir derived buffalo genitalia (n=98) were evaluated for uterine pathology employing palpable, ultrasonographic and hysteroscopic visualization. A high proportion (45.92%) of genitalia evidenced uterine pathology including endometritis (14.

Evaluation of an educational program on cervical cancer for rural women in Mangalore, Southern India.

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer in women worldwide. One way by which the incidence of this malignant disease can be minimized is by imparting knowledge through health education. This study aimed at developing an educational package on cervical cancer (EPCC) and determining its effectiveness in terms of significant increase in knowledge of rural women regarding cervical cancer.

Peste des petits ruminants virus infection of small ruminants: a comprehensive review.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is caused by a Morbillivirus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. PPR is an acute, highly contagious and fatal disease primarily affecting goats and sheep, whereas cattle undergo sub-clinical infection. With morbidity and mortality rates that can be as high as 90%, PPR is classified as an OIE (Office International des Epizooties)-listed disease.

Evaluation of palatal mucosal thickness and its association with age and gender.

The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as donor material for periodontal plastic surgery. The thickness of graft tissue is important for graft survival. We investigated the thickness of palatal mucosa using a bone sounding technique.

Natural antisense transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients with complicated malaria.

Mechanisms regulating gene expression in malaria parasites are not well understood. Little is known about how the parasite regulates its gene expression during transition from one developmental stage to another and in response to various environmental conditions. Parasites in a diseased host face environments which differ from the static, well adapted in vitro conditions.

Rabies, tetanus, leprosy, and malaria.

The developing world is still endemic to rabies, tetanus, leprosy, and malaria. Globally more than 55000 people die of rabies each year, about 95% in Asia and Africa. Annually, more than 10 million people, mostly in Asia, receive postexposure vaccination against the disease.

Rapid Screening for Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Carotid Ultrasound Examination: The HAPPY (Heart Attack Prevention Program for You) Substudy.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related death rates have been escalating in emerging economies such as India. A strategy to initiate prophylactic medical intervention by direct identification of subclinical atherosclerotic burden may be appropriate in rural populations where assessment based on traditional risk factors is not available.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the feasibility of performing rapid automated carotid ultrasound studies in a rural setting and to measure the prevalence of carotid plaques and age-specific distribution of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as an index of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Bacteriological and Molecular Detection of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in Equines of Northern India.

Present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of β-haemolytic streptococci in equine of northern temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. One hundred and forty one samples were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of diseased (53) and apparently healthy equine (88) for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 77 isolates of streptococci were recovered from 141 samples with an overall prevalence rate of 54.

Palliative Hypo-fractionated Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer with Fixed Neck Nodes.

Background: The locally advanced head and neck cancer with fixed nodes are incurable and has a short survival. This study aims to evaluate the symptom relief, disease response and acute toxicity after palliative hypo-fractionated radiotherapy.

Methods: Between December 2010 to June 2011, previously untreated 50 patients who had histopathologically proved of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with fixed node of stage IV, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 2-3 were offered palliative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5Fr/5 Days).

Rare congenital absence of tail (anury) and anus (atresia ani) in male camel (Camelus dromedarius) calf.

A one-day old male camel calf was presented to the Al-Qattara Veterinary Hospital with complaints of abdominal straining and lack of defecation. On examination it was found that the calf had no tail, the posterior sacral margin was blunt and the anal opening was absent. The case was diagnosed as congenital anury with atresia ani.

Ankyloglossia and its surgical correction by frenuloplasty in a she-camel calf (Camelus dromedarius).

A rare case of ankyloglossia in a one-humped camel and its successful surgical correction by horizontal to vertical frenuloplasty is reported. Seven-month-old she-camel calf, with a history of excessive salivation and inability to chew and swallow hay, was referred to Al Qattara veterinary hospital. Solid food was regurgitated, whereas milk and water could be swallowed.

Two cases of paraquat poisoning from kota, rajasthan, India.

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridylium) is a broad spectrum liquid herbicide associated with both accidental and intentional ingestion, leading to severe and often fatal toxicity. Despite widespread availability, reports of herbicide poisoning from India are not common. Diagnosis is often difficult in the absence of proper history, nonspecific clinical features, and lack of diagnostic tests.