Mild venom-induced consumption coagulopathy associated with thrombotic microangiopathy following a juvenile Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) envenoming: A case report.

Russell's viper envenoming causes venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) within hours of a bite, which is associated with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in a proportion of cases. We report a juvenile Russell's viper bite in which a patient developed mild VICC after the usual 24-h observation period, which was subsequently associated with severe AKI due to TMA. This shows the clinical importance of detecting and treating mild VICC, which may be delayed or not detected with bedside clotting tests.

Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis: magnitude, reasons, associated factors, and implications of the out-of-pocket expenditure during pregnancy.

Objectives: Health-related out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) impedes utilization for maternal health care. We aim to systematically review the magnitude, reasons, associated factors, and implications of OOPE during pregnancy.

Study Design: The study design is a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Isolation and Pharmacological Characterization of α-Elapitoxin-Oh3a, a Long-Chain Post-Synaptic Neurotoxin From King Cobra () Venom.

The King Cobra () is the world's largest venomous snake and has a widespread geographical distribution throughout Southeast Asia. Despite proteomic studies indicating the presence of postsynaptic neurotoxins in venom, there are few pharmacological investigations of these toxins. We isolated and characterized α-elapitoxin-Oh3a (α-EPTX-Oh3a; 7,938 Da), a long-chain postsynaptic neurotoxin, which constitutes 5% of venom.

Indian Polyvalent Antivenom Accelerates Recovery From Venom-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy (VICC) in Sri Lankan Russell's Viper () Envenoming.

Background: Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) is an important clinical consequence of Russell's viper () envenoming. There is limited evidence for antivenom effectiveness in resolving VICC. We aimed to compare the recovery of VICC in patients who received and did not receive antivenom following Russell's viper envenoming.

Chlamydia pneumoniae infections and development of lung cancer: systematic review.

Background: Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen and is a common cause of human respiratory diseases, including pneumonia. It has been already known to have a causal relationship with some chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to find out the association between C.

Involvement of alcohol in injury cases in rural Sri Lanka: prevalence and associated factors among in-patients in three primary care hospitals.

Background: Injuries account for a major proportion of global morbidity and mortality related to alcohol use. Information on the prevalence of alcohol-related injury in rural Sri Lanka is limited. The aims of this study were to determine the burden of alcohol-related injury in a hospital-based sample in rural Sri Lanka and explore factors associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related injury.

Fermented Oyster () Extract Cures and Prevents Prednisolone-Induced Bone Resorption by Activating Osteoblast Differentiation.

Osteoporosis is a bone resorptive disease characterized by the loss of bone density, causing an increase in bone fragility. In our previous study, we demonstrated that gamma aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented oyster () extract (FO) stimulated osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and vertebral formation in zebrafish. However, the efficacy of FO in prednisolone (PDS)-induced bone resorption remains unclear.

Community Engagement in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research in Brazil, Ethiopia, and Sri Lanka: A Decolonial Approach for Global Health.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic skin disease endemic in at least 88 countries where it presents an urgent, albeit often "neglected" public health problem. In this paper, we discuss our model of decolonial community engagement in the ECLIPSE global health research program, which aims to improve physical and mental health outcomes for people with CL. The ECLIPSE program has four interlinked phases and underpinning each of these phases is sustained and robust community engagement and involvement that guides and informs all activities in ECLIPSE.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a significant predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and early pregnancy miscarriages-prospective study in Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort (RaPCo).

Background And Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally with a mounting body of evidence on various adverse effects on pregnancy. Yet, prospective studies, especially from low-income and middle-income countries, are lacking in examining the impact of NAFLD in pregnancy. In this study, we explored the effect of NAFLD on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and early pregnancy miscarriages.

Temporal Variation and Factors Associated with Allergic Rhinitis in a Cohort of Rural Preschool Children from Sri Lanka.

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic childhood disease with a low diagnosis rate, causing poor quality of life, absenteeism, decreased school performance and significant healthcare cost. However, data on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is sparse in preschoolers of rural geography, especially in developing countries.

Aim: To describe the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in preschoolers from a rural geography of a developing country.

The variable presence of Leptospira in the environment; an epidemiological explanation based on serial analysis of water samples.

Human leptospirosis involves the classic epidemiological triad (agent, host and environment); hence the investigations should include the knowledge on Leptospira within the animals and the environment. The objectives of this study are to explore the abundance of Leptospira in different climate zones of Sri Lanka and to describe the presence of Leptospira in the same water source at serial time points. First, water and soil samples were collected from different parts of Sri Lanka (Component-1); second, water sampling continued only in the dry zone (Component-2).

Portal Venous and Mesenteric Wall Calcifications along with Intra-splenic Vascular Calcification: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Cross-sectional imaging findings of portal vein calcification were found to be an indicator of portal vein thrombosis. Calcification of the portal vein and its tributaries in portal hypertension is an uncommon finding and the mechanical stress due to long-standing portal hypertension on the vessel wall is considered leading to sclerosis and calcification in the intima and media of the vessel wall. Intra-splenic vascular calcification is a rare occurrence and has been seen in patients with portal hypertension.

Comparison of global definitions of metabolic syndrome in early pregnancy among the Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort participants in Sri Lanka.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pregnancy shows epigenetic associations with intergenerational inheritance of metabolic diseases. The presence of different diagnostic criteria influences MetS prevalence estimates. We evaluated MetS and metabolic derangements to determine the utility of its assessment in early pregnancy.

Incidental diagnosis of LPL deficiency in an infant presenting with an acute respiratory infection.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is an extremely rare disorder of lipid metabolism known to cause hypertriglyceridaemia in childhood. We report the incidental diagnosis of LPL deficiency in an infant presenting with an acute respiratory tract infection. The patient was initially treated for a lower respiratory tract infection, but was subsequently found to have milky appearance of the serum, with a triglyceride concentration greater than 1000 mg/dL.

Nexus between export variety and carbon emissions in Pakistan: The role of FDI and technological development.

Carbon emissions constitute a large portion of greenhouse gases that are responsible for global warming and climate change. This study examines the impact of export variety on carbon emissions along with foreign direct investment (FDI) and technological development as determinants of environmental degradation in Pakistan. Moreover, this study is conducted in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis (EKC).

Disease burden of cardiovascular conditions complicating pregnancy in Sri Lanka: a protocol.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the commonest indirect medical cause of maternal deaths worldwide, both in high-income and low and middle-income countries. To minimize the effects of CVD in pregnancy, proper risk assessment and appropriate referral is required. In Sri Lanka, cardiovascular disease complicating pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality, second only to postpartum hemorrhage.

Neglecting the neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted global health systems and affected the transmission dynamics as well as the surveillance of other infectious diseases. This study described the probable effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the surveillance and control of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka. With 8,579 reported cases and more than 800 estimated deaths, the Sri Lankan public health surveillance system documented the largest outbreak of leptospirosis in Sri Lankan history in 2020.

Prevalence and aetiologies of anaemia among first trimester pregnant women in Sri Lanka; the need for revisiting the current control strategies.

Background: The Sustainable development goals, which focus strongly on equity, aim to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. However, a significant cause of intergenerational transfer of malnutrition, anaemia in pregnancy, is still a challenge. It is especially so in the low- and middle-income settings where possible context-specific aetiologies leading to anaemia have been poorly explored.

Characteristics of Connective Tissue Diseases Associated Interstitial Lung Diseases - A Single Centre Study in Sri Lanka.

Introduction: Interstitial Lung Diseases are the major cause of mortality in Connective Tissue Diseases.

Objectives: Our aim is to describe patients with Interstitial Lung Disease associated with Connective Tissue Diseases (CTD-ILD) in Chest Clinic -Colombo 08.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study at Central Chest Clinic, Colombo, Sri Lanka and data of all patients attending the clinic during were analysed.

Gastric motility and pulmonary function in children with functional abdominal pain disorders and asthma: A pathophysiological study.

Background: An association has been shown between functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and asthma. However, the exact reason for this association is obscured. The main objective of this study is to identify the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for the association between FAPDs and asthma using gastric motility and lung function tests.

Early pregnancy hyperglycaemia as a significant predictor of large for gestational age neonates.

Aims: We aimed to determine the effect of early pregnancy hyperglycaemia on having a large for gestational age (LGA) neonate.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women in their first trimester. One-step plasma glucose (PG) evaluation procedure was performed to assess gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in pregnancy as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria with International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) thresholds.

A high-resolution mass spectrometry based proteomic dataset of human regulatory T cells.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a core role in maintaining immune tolerance, homeostasis, and host health. High-resolution analysis of the Treg proteome is required to identify enriched biological processes and pathways distinct to this important immune cell lineage. We present a comprehensive proteomic dataset of Tregs paired with conventional CD4 (Conv CD4) T cells in healthy individuals.